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Cortés-Miranda J, Rojas-Hernández N, Muñoz G, Copaja S, Quezada-Romegialli C, Veliz D, Vega-Retter C. Biomarker selection depends on gene function and organ: the case of the cytochrome P450 family genes in freshwater fish exposed to chronic pollution. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16925. [PMID: 38371375 PMCID: PMC10874176 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollution and its effects have been of major concern in recent decades. Many strategies and markers have been developed to assess their effects on biota. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes have received significant attention in this context because of their relationship with detoxification and activation of exogenous compounds. While their expression has been identified as a pollution exposure biomarker, in most cases, it has been tested only after acute exposures and for CYP genes associated with exogenous compounds. To elucidate CYP gene expression patterns under chronic pollution exposure, we have used the silverside Basilichthys microlepidotus as a model, which inhabits the Maipo River Basin, a freshwater system with different pollution levels. We performed next-generation RNA sequencing of liver and gill tissues from polluted and non-polluted populations. We found most CYP genes were not dysregulated by pollution, and the seven genes that were present and differentially expressed in liver and gill were mainly downregulated. Three CYP genes associated with exogenous compounds showed differential expression in the gill, while four CYP genes associated with endogenous compounds showed differential expression in the liver. The findings presented here highlight the importance of CYP genes, his family, tissues and his interaction in the context of pollution biomarkers use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cortés-Miranda
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Noemí Rojas-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Gigliola Muñoz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Region Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Sylvia Copaja
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Region Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Claudio Quezada-Romegialli
- Laboratorio de Genómica y ADN ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica y Parinacota, Chile
| | - David Veliz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
- Centro de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas., Coquimbo, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Caren Vega-Retter
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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Garrido C, Clavijo E, Copaja S, Gómez-Jeria J, Campos-Vallette M. Vibrational and electronic spectroscopic detection and quantification of carminic acid in candies. Food Chem 2019; 283:164-169. [PMID: 30722856 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Carminic acid (CA) contained in one kind of gummy candy was detected and quantified by using vibrational and electronic spectroscopy, respectively; the proposed methodology in solution is simple and rapid without sample pretreatment as usually used and reported. The identification of CA in candies was performed through the Raman and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra along with the equivalent spectral data from the natural CA dye. A modified silver colloidal solution was used in order to obtain SERS activity of CA at very low concentration in colloidal aqueous solution. Theoretical calculations allow infer about both the CA/silver surface interaction nature and on the orientation of CA on the surface. The electronic spectroscopic (UV-Vis) data allowed quantify CA in candies; the amount resulted nearly identical to that determined from HPLC traditional measurements. The present results should contribute to the health of children consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garrido
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Metallic Nanoparticles, Faculty of Basics Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Vibrational Spectroscopy, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ernesto Clavijo
- Laboratory of Vibrational Spectroscopy, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sylvia Copaja
- Laboratory of Organic and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Gómez-Jeria
- Laboratory of Vibrational Spectroscopy, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Campos-Vallette
- Laboratory of Vibrational Spectroscopy, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Vega-Retter C, Muñoz-Rojas P, Vila I, Copaja S, Véliz D. Genetic effects of living in a highly polluted environment: the case of the silverside Basilichthys microlepidotus (Jenyns) (Teleostei: atherinopsidae) in the Maipo River basin, central Chile. POPUL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-014-0444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Manriquez V, Diaz C, Copaja S, Gonzalez G, Peters K. THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE HYDROGEN BONDED MOLECULAR ADDUCT THIOBISPHTHALIMIDE · DIPHENYLAMINE. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509108036843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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