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Pouzin C, Teutonico D, Fagniez N, Ziti-Ljajic S, Perreard-Dumaine A, Pardon M, Klieber S, Nguyen L. Prediction of CYP Down Regulation after Tusamitamab Ravtansine Administration (a DM4-Conjugate), Based on an In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation Approach. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 115:278-287. [PMID: 37964462 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Tusamitamab ravtansine is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG1) and DM4 payload. Even if DM4 and its main metabolite methyl-DM4 (Me-DM4) circulate at low concentrations after ADC administration, their potential as perpetrators of cytochrome P450 mediated drug-drug interaction was assessed. In vitro studies in human hepatocytes indicated that Me-DM4 elicited a clear concentration-dependent down regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4, 1A2, and 2B6). Because DM4 was unstable under the incubation conditions studied, the in vitro constants could not be determined for this entity. Thus, to predict the clinical relevance of this observed downregulation, an in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) pharmacokinetic (PK) based approach was developed. To mitigate model prediction errors and because of their similar inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization, the same downregulation constants were used for DM4 and Me-DM4. This approach describes the time course of decreasing CYP3A4, 1A2, and 2B6 enzyme amounts as a function of circulating concentrations of DM4 and Me-DM4 predicted from a population PK model. The developed IVIVE-PK model showed that the highest CYP abundance decrease was observed for CYP3A4, with a transient reduction of < 10% from baseline. The impact on midazolam exposure, as probe substrate of CYP3A, was then simulated based on a physiologically-based PK static method. The maximal CYP3A4 abundance reduction was associated with a predicted midazolam area under the curve (AUC) ratio of 1.14. To conclude, the observed in vitro downregulation of CYPs by Me-DM4 is not expected to have relevant clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemence Pouzin
- Sanofi R&D, Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism Department, Paris, France
| | - Donato Teutonico
- Sanofi R&D, Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism Department, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Fagniez
- Sanofi R&D, Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism Department, Paris, France
| | - Samira Ziti-Ljajic
- Sanofi R&D, Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism Department, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Klieber
- Sanofi R&D, In vitro ADME, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- Sanofi R&D, Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism Department, Paris, France
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2
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Nicolas O, Moliner P, Soubayrol P, Vitse O, Roy S, Cabanis MJ, Turner T, Klieber S, Muccio S, Arabeyre C, Brun P. Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of [ 14C]-Tolebrutinib After Oral Administration in Humans, Contribution of the Metabolites to Pharmacological Activity. Clin Drug Investig 2023; 43:653-665. [PMID: 37642857 PMCID: PMC10480245 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-023-01296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Tolebrutinib is a covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, an enzyme expressed in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells including microglia, which are thought to be major drivers of inflammation in multiple sclerosis. This excretion balance and metabolism study evaluated the metabolite profile of tolebrutinib in healthy male volunteers. METHODS Six healthy volunteers received a 60-mg oral dose of [14C]-tolebrutinib, and metabolite profiling of 14C-labeled metabolites was performed using a combination of liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and radioactivity assay methods. RESULTS Tolebrutinib was rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, followed by rapid and extensive metabolism. Excretion via feces was the major elimination pathway of the administered radioactivity (78%). Tolebrutinib was highly metabolized, with 19 metabolites identified in human plasma. Phase 1 biotransformations were primarily responsible for the circulating metabolites in plasma. Seven metabolites that achieved exposure in plasma similar to or higher than the parent compound were characterized biochemically for inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase activity. Metabolite M8 exceeded the exposure threshold of 10% (18%) of the total radioactivity but had little if any pharmacological activity. Metabolite M2 (4% of circulating radioactivity) retained the ability to irreversibly and potently inhibit Bruton's tyrosine kinase in vitro, similar to the parent compound. Tolebrutinib and metabolite M2 had short (3.5-h) half-lives but durable pharmacodynamic effects as expected for an irreversible antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Tolebrutinib was extensively metabolized to multiple metabolites. The hydroxylated metabolite M2 demonstrated similar inhibitory potency toward Bruton's tyrosine kinase as the parent compound. Both tolebrutinib and metabolite M2 likely contributed to pharmacological activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Nicolas
- Department of Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sanofi, 371 Rue Professeur Blayac, 34184, Montpellier, France.
| | - Patricia Moliner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sanofi, 371 Rue Professeur Blayac, 34184, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Soubayrol
- Department of Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sanofi, 371 Rue Professeur Blayac, 34184, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Vitse
- Department of Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sanofi, 371 Rue Professeur Blayac, 34184, Montpellier, France
| | - Sebastien Roy
- Department of Integrated Drug Discovery/Isotope Chemistry, Sanofi, Paris, France
| | - Marie-José Cabanis
- Department of Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sanofi, 371 Rue Professeur Blayac, 34184, Montpellier, France
| | - Tim Turner
- MS Neurology Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sylvie Klieber
- Department of Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sanofi, 371 Rue Professeur Blayac, 34184, Montpellier, France
| | - Stephane Muccio
- Department of Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sanofi, 371 Rue Professeur Blayac, 34184, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Arabeyre
- Department of Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sanofi, 371 Rue Professeur Blayac, 34184, Montpellier, France
| | - Priscilla Brun
- Department of Translational Medicine and Early Development, Sanofi, 371 Rue Professeur Blayac, 34184, Montpellier, France
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3
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Murithi JM, Pascal C, Bath J, Boulenc X, Gnädig NF, Pasaje CFA, Rubiano K, Yeo T, Mok S, Klieber S, Desert P, Jiménez-Díaz MB, Marfurt J, Rouillier M, Cherkaoui-Rbati MH, Gobeau N, Wittlin S, Uhlemann AC, Price RN, Wirjanata G, Noviyanti R, Tumwebaze P, Cooper RA, Rosenthal PJ, Sanz LM, Gamo FJ, Joseph J, Singh S, Bashyam S, Augereau JM, Giraud E, Bozec T, Vermat T, Tuffal G, Guillon JM, Menegotto J, Sallé L, Louit G, Cabanis MJ, Nicolas MF, Doubovetzky M, Merino R, Bessila N, Angulo-Barturen I, Baud D, Bebrevska L, Escudié F, Niles JC, Blasco B, Campbell S, Courtemanche G, Fraisse L, Pellet A, Fidock DA, Leroy D. The antimalarial MMV688533 provides potential for single-dose cures with a high barrier to Plasmodium falciparum parasite resistance. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/603/eabg6013. [PMID: 34290058 PMCID: PMC8530196 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg6013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to first-line antimalarials creates an imperative to identify and develop potent preclinical candidates with distinct modes of action. Here, we report the identification of MMV688533, an acylguanidine that was developed following a whole-cell screen with compounds known to hit high-value targets in human cells. MMV688533 displays fast parasite clearance in vitro and is not cross-resistant with known antimalarials. In a P. falciparum NSG mouse model, MMV688533 displays a long-lasting pharmacokinetic profile and excellent safety. Selection studies reveal a low propensity for resistance, with modest loss of potency mediated by point mutations in PfACG1 and PfEHD. These proteins are implicated in intracellular trafficking, lipid utilization, and endocytosis, suggesting interference with these pathways as a potential mode of action. This preclinical candidate may offer the potential for a single low-dose cure for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Murithi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cécile Pascal
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Jade Bath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nina F. Gnädig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kelly Rubiano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomas Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sachel Mok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sylvie Klieber
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Medicine & Early Development, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Jutta Marfurt
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Wittlin
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ric N. Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Grennady Wirjanata
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Roland A. Cooper
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA, USA
| | | | - Laura M. Sanz
- Global Health Pharma Research Unit, GSK, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elie Giraud
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Tanguy Bozec
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Thierry Vermat
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Gilles Tuffal
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Medicine & Early Development, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jérôme Menegotto
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Laurent Sallé
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Medicine & Early Development, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marie-José Cabanis
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Medicine & Early Development, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Rita Merino
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Nadir Bessila
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacquin C. Niles
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Fraisse
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Alain Pellet
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - David A. Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Corresponding author. (D.A.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Didier Leroy
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland.,Corresponding author. (D.A.F.); (D.L.)
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4
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Da-Silva F, Boulenc X, Vermet H, Compigne P, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Klieber S, Poulin P. Improving Prediction of Metabolic Clearance Using Quantitative Extrapolation of Results Obtained From Human Hepatic Micropatterned Cocultures Model and by Considering the Impact of Albumin Binding. J Pharm Sci 2018. [PMID: 29524447 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare, with the same data set, the predictive performance of 3 in vitro assays of hepatic clearance (CL), namely, micropatterned cocultures (also referring to HepatoPac®) and suspension as well as monolayer hepatocytes to define which assay is the most accurate. Furthermore, existing in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) methods were challenged to verify which method is the most predictive (i.e., direct scaling method without binding correction, conventional method based either on the unbound fraction in plasma (fup) according to the free-drug hypothesis, or based on an fup value adjusted for the albumin [ALB]-facilitated hepatic uptake phenomenon). Accordingly, the role of ALB binding was specifically challenged, and consequently, the ALB production was monitored in parallel to the metabolic stability. The ALB concentration data were used to compare the in vitro assays and to adjust the value of fup of each drug to mimic the ALB-facilitated hepatic uptake phenomenon. The results confirmed that the direct and conventional IVIVE methods generally overpredicted and underpredicted the CL in vivo in humans, respectively. However, the underprediction of the conventional IVIVE method based on fup was significantly reduced from data generated with the HepatoPac® system compared with the 2 other in vitro assays, which is possibly because that system is producing ALB at a rate much closer to the in vivo condition in liver. Hence, these observations suggest that the presence of more ALB molecules per hepatocyte in that HepatoPac® system may have facilitated the hepatic uptake of several bound drugs because their intrinsic CL was increased instead of being decreased by the ALB binding effect. Accordingly, the IVIVE method based on the fup value adjusted for the ALB-facilitated uptake phenomenon gave the lowest prediction bias from the statistical analyses. This study indicated that the HepatoPac® system combined with the adjusted value of fup was the most reliable IVIVE method and revealed the importance of quantifying the in vitro-to-in vivo variation of ALB concentration to improve the CL predictions, which would help any future physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Da-Silva
- Sanofi R&D, Montpellier, France; Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université et CHU de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université et CHU de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université et CHU de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Patrick Poulin
- Consultant, Patrick Poulin Inc., Québec City, Canada; Associate professor, School of Public Health, IRSPUM, Université de Montréal, Canada
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5
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Vermet H, Raoust N, Ngo R, Essermeant L, Klieber S, Fabre G, Boulenc X. Evaluation of Normalization Methods To Predict CYP3A4 Induction in Six Fully Characterized Cryopreserved Human Hepatocyte Preparations and HepaRG Cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 44:50-60. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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6
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Ramachandran SD, Vivarès A, Klieber S, Hewitt NJ, Muenst B, Heinz S, Walles H, Braspenning J. Applicability of second-generation upcyte® human hepatocytes for use in CYP inhibition and induction studies. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00161. [PMID: 26516577 PMCID: PMC4618636 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human upcyte® hepatocytes are proliferating hepatocytes that retain many characteristics of primary human hepatocytes. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the application of second-generation upcyte® hepatocytes from four donors for inhibition and induction assays using a selection of reference inhibitors and inducers. CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 were reproducibly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner and the calculated IC50 values for each compound correctly classified them as potent inhibitors. Upcyte® hepatocytes were responsive to prototypical CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 inducers, confirming that they have functional AhR-, CAR-, and PXR-mediated CYP regulation. A panel of 11 inducers classified as potent, moderate or noninducers of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 were tested. There was a good fit of data from upcyte® hepatocytes to three different predictive models for CYP3A4 induction, namely the Relative Induction Score (RIS), AUCu/F2, and C max,u/Ind50. In addition, PXR (rifampicin) and CAR-selective (carbamazepine and phenytoin) inducers of CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 induction, respectively, were demonstrated. In conclusion, these data support the use of second-generation upcyte® hepatocytes for CYP inhibition and induction assays. Under the culture conditions used, these cells expressed CYP activities that were equivalent to or higher than those measured in primary human hepatocyte cultures, which could be inhibited or induced by prototypical CYP inhibitors and inducers, respectively. Moreover, they can be used to predict in vivo CYP3A4 induction potential using three prediction models. Bulk availability of cells from multiple donors makes upcyte® hepatocytes suitable for DDI screening, as well as more in-depth mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélie Vivarès
- Sanofi – DSAR Drug Disposition – In Vitro models371, rue du Pr. Blayac, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Sylvie Klieber
- Sanofi – DSAR Drug Disposition – In Vitro models371, rue du Pr. Blayac, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | | | - Bernhard Muenst
- Medicyte GmbHIm Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinz
- Medicyte GmbHIm Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University WuerzburgRoentgenring 11, Wuerzburg, D-97070, Germany
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7
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Briolotti P, Chaloin L, Balaguer P, Da Silva F, Tománková V, Pascussi JM, Duret C, Fabre JM, Ramos J, Klieber S, Maurel P, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Gerbal-Chaloin S. Analysis of Glycogen Synthase Kinase Inhibitors That Regulate Cytochrome P450 Expression in Primary Human Hepatocytes by Activation of β-Catenin, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Pregnane X Receptor Signaling. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148:261-75. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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Chapy H, Klieber S, Brun P, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Boulenc X, Nicolas O. PBPK modeling of irbesartan: incorporation of hepatic uptake. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015; 36:491-506. [PMID: 26037524 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Physiological based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is now commonly used in drug development to integrate human or animal physiological data in order to predict pharmacokinetic profiles. The aim of this work was to construct and refine a PBPK model of irbesartan taking into account its active uptake via OATP1B1/B3 in order to predict more accurately its pharmacokinetic profile using Simcyp(®). The activity and expression of the human hepatocyte transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were studied. The relative activity factors (RAFs) for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters were calculated from intrinsic clearances obtained by concentration dependent uptake experiments in human hepatocytes and HEK overexpressing cells: RAF1B1 using estrone-3-sulfate and pitavastatine clearances, and RAF1B3 using cholecystokinine octapeptide (CCK-8) clearances. The relative expression factor (REF) was calculated by comparing immunoblotting of hepatocytes (REFHH ) or tissues (REFtissue) with those of overexpressing HEK cells for each transporter. These scaling factors were applied in a PBPK model of irbesartan using the Simcyp® simulator. Pharmacokinetic simulation using REFHH (1.82 for OATP1B1, 8.03 for OATP1B3) as an extrapolation factor was the closest to the human clinical pharmacokinetic profile of irbesartan. These investigations show the importance of integrating the contribution of the active uptake of a drug in the liver to improve PBPK modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Chapy
- Drug Disposition Domain, Disposition Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Klieber
- Drug Disposition Domain, Disposition Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi, Montpellier, France
| | - Priscilla Brun
- Drug Disposition Domain, Disposition Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- INSERM, U1040, Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, Montpellier, F-34293, France.,Université Montpellier 1, UMR 1040, Montpellier, F-34293, France
| | - Xavier Boulenc
- Drug Disposition Domain, Disposition Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Nicolas
- Drug Disposition Domain, Disposition Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi, Montpellier, France
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9
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Kling A, Lukat P, Almeida DV, Bauer A, Fontaine E, Sordello S, Zaburannyi N, Herrmann J, Wenzel SC, König C, Ammerman NC, Barrio MB, Borchers K, Bordon-Pallier F, Brönstrup M, Courtemanche G, Gerlitz M, Geslin M, Hammann P, Heinz DW, Hoffmann H, Klieber S, Kohlmann M, Kurz M, Lair C, Matter H, Nuermberger E, Tyagi S, Fraisse L, Grosset JH, Lagrange S, Müller R. Antibiotics. Targeting DnaN for tuberculosis therapy using novel griselimycins. Science 2015; 348:1106-12. [PMID: 26045430 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of Streptomyces-produced streptomycin founded the age of tuberculosis therapy. Despite the subsequent development of a curative regimen for this disease, tuberculosis remains a worldwide problem, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has prioritized the need for new drugs. Here we show that new optimized derivatives from Streptomyces-derived griselimycin are highly active against M. tuberculosis, both in vitro and in vivo, by inhibiting the DNA polymerase sliding clamp DnaN. We discovered that resistance to griselimycins, occurring at very low frequency, is associated with amplification of a chromosomal segment containing dnaN, as well as the ori site. Our results demonstrate that griselimycins have high translational potential for tuberculosis treatment, validate DnaN as an antimicrobial target, and capture the process of antibiotic pressure-induced gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kling
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peer Lukat
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany. Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Deepak V Almeida
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Armin Bauer
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Evelyne Fontaine
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Sordello
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Nestor Zaburannyi
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke C Wenzel
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia König
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicole C Ammerman
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - María Belén Barrio
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Kai Borchers
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florence Bordon-Pallier
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Strategy, Science Policy & External Innovation (S&I), 75008 Paris, France
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gilles Courtemanche
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Gerlitz
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michel Geslin
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Peter Hammann
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk W Heinz
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany. Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Holger Hoffmann
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sylvie Klieber
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Disposition Safety and Animal Research, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - Markus Kohlmann
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Kurz
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Lair
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Hans Matter
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, LGCR/Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eric Nuermberger
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Sandeep Tyagi
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques H Grosset
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Sophie Lagrange
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Strategic Unit, 31036 Toulouse, France
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Li AP, Yang Q, Vermet H, Raoust N, Klieber S, Fabre G. Evaluation of human hepatocytes under prolonged culture in a novel medium for the maintenance of hepatic differentiation: results with the model pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6. Drug Metab Lett 2015; 8:12-8. [PMID: 25313020 DOI: 10.2174/187231280801140929155351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for the evaluation of cytokine-induced down regulation of CYP gene expression in primary cultured hepatocytes is the spontaneous decrease in expression of the genes with culture duration. Based on our recent discovery that hepatocytes cultured for 7 days in a novel medium, Li's Differentiation Maintenance Medium (LDMM), would retain gene expression for markers of differentiation and most CYP isoforms at levels similar to those of the first day of culture, we examined the effects of the prototypical pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the "LDMM-stabilized (LS)" human hepatocyte model. The LS-human hepatocyte cultures were found to be responsive to IL-6 induction of the inflammatory gene marker, C-reactive protein (CRP), suggesting the expression of IL-6 receptors and the subsequent signaling pathways. Results from two independent laboratories with human hepatocytes from three donors demonstrated dose-dependent down regulation of the gene expression of several CYPs, i.e. 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4. The results suggest that the LS-human hepatocytes may represent a physiologically relevant experimental model for mechanistic investigation of the down-regulatory effects of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gérard Fabre
- In Vitro ADMET Laboratories LLC, 9221 Rumsey Road Suite 8, Columbia, Maryland 21045 (APL), USA.
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11
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Gerbal-Chaloin S, Dumé AS, Briolotti P, Klieber S, Raulet E, Duret C, Fabre JM, Ramos J, Maurel P, Daujat-Chavanieu M. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is a transcriptional regulator of CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene expression in primary human hepatocytes. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:624-34. [PMID: 25228302 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.094797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT)/β-catenin/adenomatous polyposis coli (CTNNB1/APC) pathway has been identified as a regulator of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rodent liver. Conversely, little is known about the role of this pathway in drug metabolism regulation in human liver. Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), which are the most physiologically relevant culture system to study drug metabolism in vitro, were used to investigate this issue. This study assessed the link between cytochrome P450 expression and WNT/β-catenin pathway activity in PHHs by modulating its activity with recombinant mouse Wnt3a (the canonical activator), inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and small-interfering RNA to invalidate CTNNB1 or its repressor APC, used separately or in combination. We found that the WNT/β-catenin pathway can be activated in PHHs, as assessed by universal β-catenin target gene expression, leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5. Moreover, WNT/β-catenin pathway activation induces the expression of CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, but not of CYP3A4, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α, or pregnane X receptor (PXR) in PHHs. Specifically, we show for the first time that CYP2E1 is transcriptionally regulated by the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, CYP2E1 induction was accompanied by an increase in its metabolic activity, as indicated by the increased production of 6-OH-chlorzoxazone and by glutathione depletion after incubation with high doses of acetaminophen. In conclusion, the WNT/β-catenin pathway is functional in PHHs, and its induction in PHHs represents a powerful tool to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of drugs that are metabolized by CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Dumé
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Briolotti
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Klieber
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Edith Raulet
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Duret
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Fabre
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne Ramos
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Maurel
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, INSERM, U1040 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); UMR 1040, Université Montpellier 1 (S.G.C., A.S.D., P.B., E.R., C.D., P.M., M.D.C.); Drug Disposition Domain, Sanofi Aventis (S.K.); Department of Digestive Surgery, CHU Saint Eloi (J.M.F.); Pathological Anatomy Department, CHU Gui de Chauliac (J.R.); and Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, CHU Montpellier, (M.D.C.), Montpellier, France
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12
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Vivares A, Salle-Lefort S, Arabeyre-Fabre C, Ngo R, Penarier G, Bremond M, Moliner P, Gallas JF, Fabre G, Klieber S. Morphological behaviour and metabolic capacity of cryopreserved human primary hepatocytes cultivated in a perfused multiwell device. Xenobiotica 2014; 45:29-44. [PMID: 25068923 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.944612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1. The quantitative prediction of the pharmacokinetic parameters of a drug from data obtained using human in vitro systems remains a significant challenge i.e. prediction of metabolic clearance in humans and estimation of the relative contribution of enzymes involved in the clearance. This has become particularly problematic for low turnover compounds. 2. Having human hepatocytes with stable cellular function over several days that adequately mimic the complexity of the physiological environment would be a major advance. Thus, we evaluated human hepatocytes, maintained in culture during 7 days in the microfluidic LiverChip™ system, in terms of morphological appearance, relative mRNA expression of phase I and II enzymes and transporters as a function of time, and metabolic capacity using probe substrates. 3. The results showed that mRNA levels of the major genes for enzymes involved in drug metabolism were well-maintained over a 7-day period of culture. Furthermore, after 4 days of culture, in the Liverchip™ device, human hepatocytes exhibited higher or similar CYPs activities compared to 1 day of culture in 2D-static conditions. 4. The functional data were supported by light/electron microscopies and immunohistochemistry showing viable tissue structure and well-differentiated human hepatocytes: presence of cell junctions, glycogen storage, and bile canaliculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Vivares
- Drug Disposition Domain, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research Scientific Core Plateform, SANOFI R&D , Montpellier , France
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13
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Klieber S, Arabeyre-Fabre C, Moliner P, Marti E, Mandray M, Ngo R, Ollier C, Brun P, Fabre G. Identification of metabolic pathways and enzyme systems involved in the in vitro human hepatic metabolism of dronedarone, a potent new oral antiarrhythmic drug. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00044. [PMID: 25505590 PMCID: PMC4186413 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro metabolism of dronedarone and its major metabolites has been studied in human liver microsomes and cryopreserved hepatocytes in primary culture through the use of specific or total cytochrome P450 (CYP) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. The identification of the main metabolites and enzymes participating in their metabolism was also elucidated by using rhCYP, rhMAO, flavin monooxygenases (rhFMO) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (rhUGT) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) analysis. Dronedarone was extensively metabolized in human hepatocytes with a metabolic clearance being almost completely inhibited (98 ± 2%) by 1-aminobenzotriazole. Ketoconazole also inhibited dronedarone metabolism by 89 ± 7%, demonstrating the crucial role of CYP3A in its metabolism. CYP3A isoforms mostly contributed to N-debutylation while hydroxylation on the butyl-benzofuran moiety was catalyzed by CYP2D6. However, hydroxylation on the dibutylamine moiety did not appear to be CYP-dependent. N-debutyl-dronedarone was less rapidly metabolized than dronedarone, the major metabolic pathway being catalyzed by MAO-A to form propanoic acid-dronedarone and phenol-dronedarone. Propanoic acid-dronedarone was metabolized at a similar rate to that of N-debutyl-dronedarone and was predominantly hydroxylated by CYP2C8 and CYP1A1. Phenol-dronedarone was extensively glucuronidated while C-dealkyl-dronedarone was metabolized at a slow rate. The evaluation of the systemic clearance of each metabolic process together with the identification of both the major metabolites and predominant enzyme systems and isoforms involved in the formation and subsequent metabolism of these metabolites has enhanced the overall understanding of metabolism of dronedarone in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Klieber
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Development Disposition, Safety and Animal Research Scientific Core Platform, Drug Disposition Domain 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, Cedex 4, France
| | - Catherine Arabeyre-Fabre
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Development Disposition, Safety and Animal Research Scientific Core Platform, Drug Disposition Domain 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, Cedex 4, France
| | - Patricia Moliner
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Development Disposition, Safety and Animal Research Scientific Core Platform, Drug Disposition Domain 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, Cedex 4, France
| | - Eric Marti
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Development Disposition, Safety and Animal Research Scientific Core Platform, Drug Disposition Domain 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, Cedex 4, France
| | - Martine Mandray
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Development Disposition, Safety and Animal Research Scientific Core Platform, Drug Disposition Domain 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, Cedex 4, France
| | - Robert Ngo
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Development Disposition, Safety and Animal Research Scientific Core Platform, Drug Disposition Domain 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, Cedex 4, France
| | - Céline Ollier
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Development Disposition, Safety and Animal Research Scientific Core Platform, Drug Disposition Domain 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, Cedex 4, France
| | - Priscilla Brun
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Development Disposition, Safety and Animal Research Scientific Core Platform, Drug Disposition Domain 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, Cedex 4, France
| | - Gérard Fabre
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Development Disposition, Safety and Animal Research Scientific Core Platform, Drug Disposition Domain 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, Cedex 4, France
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14
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Meneyrol J, Follmann M, Lassalle G, Wehner V, Barre G, Rousseaux T, Altenburger JM, Petit F, Bocskei Z, Schreuder H, Alet N, Herault JP, Millet L, Dol F, Florian P, Schaeffer P, Sadoun F, Klieber S, Briot C, Bono F, Herbert JM. 5-Chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid [(S)-2-[2-methyl-3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonylamino]-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxopropyl]amide (SAR107375), a selective and potent orally active dual thrombin and factor Xa inhibitor. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9441-56. [PMID: 24175584 DOI: 10.1021/jm4005835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Compound 15 (SAR107375), a novel potent dual thrombin and factor Xa inhibitor resulted from a rational optimization process. Starting from compound 14, with low factor Xa and modest anti-thrombin inhibitory activities (IC50's of 3.5 and 0.39 μM, respectively), both activities were considerably improved, notably through the incorporation of a neutral chlorothiophene P1 fragment and tuning of P2 and P3-P4 fragments. Final optimization of metabolic stability with microsomes led to the identification of 15, which displays strong activity in vitro vs factor Xa and thrombin (with Ki's of 1 and 8 nM, respectively). In addition 15 presents good selectivity versus related serine proteases (roughly 300-fold), including trypsin (1000-fold), and is very active (0.39 μM) in the thrombin generation time (TGT) coagulation assay in human platelet rich plasma (PRP). Potent in vivo activity in a rat model of venous thrombosis following iv and, more importantly, po administration was also observed (ED50 of 0.07 and 2.8 mg/kg, respectively). Bleeding liability was reduced in the rat wire coil model, more relevant to arterial thrombosis, with 15 (blood loss increase of 2-fold relative to the ED80 value) compared to rivaroxaban 2 and dabigatran etexilate 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Meneyrol
- Sanofi-Aventis R&D , 195 Route d'Espagne, 31036 Toulouse Cedex, France
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15
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Schofield J, Brasseur D, de Bruin B, Vassal T, Klieber S, Arabeyre C, Bourrié M, Sadoun F, Fabre G. Effect of deuteration on the metabolism and clearance of some pharmacologically active compounds-synthesis andin vitrometabolism of deuterated derivatives of dronedadrone. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:504-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Schofield
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, DSAR-DD; Sanofi R&D; 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette; 91380; Chilly-Mazarin; France
| | - Denis Brasseur
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, DSAR-DD; Sanofi R&D; 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette; 91380; Chilly-Mazarin; France
| | - Béatrice de Bruin
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, DSAR-DD; Sanofi R&D; 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette; 91380; Chilly-Mazarin; France
| | - Thierry Vassal
- Isotope Chemistry and Metabolite Synthesis, DSAR-DD; Sanofi R&D; 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette; 91380; Chilly-Mazarin; France
| | - Sylvie Klieber
- Bioanalysis, Metabolism and In-vitro Methods, DSAR-DD; Sanofi R&D; 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac; 34184; Montpellier; France
| | - Catherine Arabeyre
- Bioanalysis, Metabolism and In-vitro Methods, DSAR-DD; Sanofi R&D; 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac; 34184; Montpellier; France
| | - Martine Bourrié
- Bioanalysis, Metabolism and In-vitro Methods, DSAR-DD; Sanofi R&D; 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac; 34184; Montpellier; France
| | - Freddy Sadoun
- Bioanalysis, Metabolism and In-vitro Methods, DSAR-DD; Sanofi R&D; 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac; 34184; Montpellier; France
| | - Gérard Fabre
- Bioanalysis, Metabolism and In-vitro Methods, DSAR-DD; Sanofi R&D; 371 Rue du Professeur Joseph Blayac; 34184; Montpellier; France
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16
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Vinci B, Duret C, Klieber S, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Sa-Cunha A, Laporte S, Suc B, Maurel P, Ahluwalia A, Daujat-Chavanieu M. Modular bioreactor for primary human hepatocyte culture: medium flow stimulates expression and activity of detoxification genes. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:554-64. [PMID: 21259441 PMCID: PMC3123466 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Down-regulation of detoxification genes, notably cytochrome P450 (CYPs), in primary hepatocyte cultures is a long-standing and major concern. We evaluated the influence of medium flow in this model. Hepatocytes isolated from 12 different liver donors were cultured either in a multichamber modular bioreactor (MCmB, flow rate 250-500 μL/min) or under standard/static conditions, and the expression of 32 genes, enzyme activities and biological parameters were measured 7-21 days later. mRNA expression of genes involved in xenobiotic/drug metabolism and transport, including CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 3A4 (and activities for some of them), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, UGT2B4, UGT2B7, glutathione S-transferase (GSTα), and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and MRP2, were specifically up-regulated by medium flow as compared with static controls in all cultures tested. In 2-week-old cultures, expression of detoxification genes reached levels close to or higher than those measured in freshly isolated hepatocytes. In contrast, CYP2D6 and most of other tested genes were not affected by medium flow. We conclude that medium flow specifically interferes with, and up-regulates, the activity of xenosensors and/or the expression of detoxification genes in primary human hepatocytes. Down-regulation of detoxification genes in conventional (static) cultures is therefore partly a consequence of the absence of medium circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Vinci
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca E. Piaggio, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, attrition of new drug candidates which entered into development increased strongly mainly due to sub-optimal ADME profiles. Major problems were linked to poor metabolic stability and drug-drug interactions linked to inhibition or induction of metabolism. Since most small molecule (MW below 1000) drugs are cleared from the body by the liver, primary cultures of human hepatocytes became the most predictive and widely used in vitro model for drug metabolism studies as well as enzyme induction. For this purpose, well-established and robust in vitro assays for the measurement of cell viability, metabolic activity, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) mRNA expression levels are needed to characterize the quality of the isolated and/or cryopreserved hepatocytes used to perform such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Klieber
- Discovery Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Safety, Sanofi-Aventis Recherche, Montpellier, France
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18
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Klieber S, Hugla S, Ngo R, Arabeyre‐Fabre C, Meunier V, Sadoun F, Fedeli O, Rival M, Bourrie M, Guillou F, Maurel P, Fabre G. Contribution of the N‐glucuronidation pathway to the overall in vitro metabolic clearance of midazolam in humans. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.372.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Klieber
- Department of Discovery MetabolismPharmacokinetics and Safety, Sanofi‐Aventis34184MontpellierFrance
| | - Sebastien Hugla
- Department of Discovery MetabolismPharmacokinetics and Safety, Sanofi‐Aventis34184MontpellierFrance
| | - Robert Ngo
- Department of Discovery MetabolismPharmacokinetics and Safety, Sanofi‐Aventis34184MontpellierFrance
| | - Catherine Arabeyre‐Fabre
- Department of Discovery MetabolismPharmacokinetics and Safety, Sanofi‐Aventis34184MontpellierFrance
| | - Viviane Meunier
- Department of Discovery MetabolismPharmacokinetics and Safety, Sanofi‐Aventis34184MontpellierFrance
| | - Freddy Sadoun
- Department of Discovery MetabolismPharmacokinetics and Safety, Sanofi‐Aventis34184MontpellierFrance
| | - Olivier Fedeli
- Department of Discovery MetabolismPharmacokinetics and Safety, Sanofi‐Aventis34184MontpellierFrance
| | - Martine Rival
- Department of Chemical and Analytical Sciences, Sanofi‐Aventis31036ToulouseFrance
| | - Martine Bourrie
- Department of Discovery MetabolismPharmacokinetics and Safety, Sanofi‐Aventis34184MontpellierFrance
| | - Francois Guillou
- Department of Discovery MetabolismPharmacokinetics and Safety, Sanofi‐Aventis34184MontpellierFrance
| | | | - Gerard Fabre
- Department of Discovery MetabolismPharmacokinetics and Safety, Sanofi‐Aventis34184MontpellierFrance
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Klieber S, Hugla S, Ngo R, Arabeyre-Fabre C, Meunier V, Sadoun F, Fedeli O, Rival M, Bourrie M, Guillou F, Maurel P, Fabre G. Contribution of theN-Glucuronidation Pathway to the Overall in Vitro Metabolic Clearance of Midazolam in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:851-62. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.019539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Daher W, Pelinski L, Klieber S, Sadoun F, Meunier V, Bourrié M, Biot C, Guillou F, Fabre G, Brocard J, Fraisse L, Maffrand JP, Khalife J, Dive D. IN VITRO METABOLISM OF FERROQUINE (SSR97193) IN ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEPATIC MODELS AND ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF MAJOR METABOLITES ON PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 34:667-82. [PMID: 16415117 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.104.003202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroquine (SSR97193) has been shown to be a promising antimalarial, both on laboratory clones and on field isolates. So far, no resistance was documented in Plasmodium falciparum. In the present work, the metabolic pathway of ferroquine, based on experiments using animal and human hepatic models, is proposed. Ferroquine is metabolized mainly via an oxidative pathway into the major metabolite mono-N-demethyl ferroquine and then into di-N,N-demethyl ferroquine. Some other minor metabolic pathways were also identified. Cytochrome P450 isoforms 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4 and, possibly in some patients, isoform 2D6, are mainly involved in ferroquine oxidation. The metabolites were synthesized and tested against the 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) and W2 (chloroquine-resistant) P. falciparum strains. According to the results, the activity of the two main metabolites decreased compared with that of ferroquine; however, the activity of the mono-N-demethyl derivative is significantly higher than that of chloroquine on both strains, and the di-N-demethyl derivative remains more active than chloroquine on the chloroquine-resistant strain. These results further support the potential use of ferroquine against human malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Daher
- INSERM U547, Institut Pasteur, 1 rue du Professeur P. Calmette, B.P. 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
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