A Comparative Investigation Applying Testicular Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and Open Testicular Biopsy Histology for the Diagnosis of Azoospermia and Severe Oligospermia

Open testicular biopsy histology and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are the most popular tests used to diagnose male infertility. This study aimed to assess the cytological characteristics of 186 infertile males aged 24-63 with testicular FNAC. Furthermore, the existing relationship between males with severe oligospermia (sperm count: 5 million/ml) and azoospermia was investigated via both cytological and histological diagnosis methods. With a 1.5-inch and 25-gauge needle, the testis was aspirated from three locations (the upper, middle, and lower poles). Papanicolaou stain or Giemsa stain was used to make smears on albumenized slides, which were then dried in the air and stained. A biopsy of the testicles was performed there, preserved in Bouins solution, processed as usual, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. According to our findings, 66.7% of patients had secondary maturation arrest, whereas 18.3% and 15.1% of them had hypospermatogenesis and Sertoli cell only (SCO). Results of the comparison showed that both procedures were very similar. According to biopsy histological examinations, only 3 (1.6%) of the 28 normal FNAC instances had hypospermatogenesis with lymphocyte infiltration. The majority of SCO patients were over 50 years old. These findings revealed that FNAC is more effective than testicular histology for the assessment of male infertility.

Three methods of treatment of chalazia in children

OBJECTIVE

This is a pilot prospective study undertaken to compare 3 methods of chalazion treatment, namely intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection, incision and curettage and the combination of incision, curettage and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection.

METHODS

Twenty-six pediatric age patients with 36 chalazia were divided into 3 groups of 12 chalazia each. The first group received intralesional triamcinolone acetonide 5 mg/ml injection, the 2nd group was treated by simple incision and curettage and the 3rd group was treated by incision, curettage and intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection on the same session.

RESULTS

In the first group, after 2 weeks from receiving intralesional suspension of triamcinolone acetonide injection, 9/12 (75%) of the chalazia had resolved. Two chalazia resolved after 2 weeks from the 2nd injection and one resolved after a 3rd injection. In spite of improvement, 3 patients complained of either recurrence or development of new adjacent lesions. Two patients had yellow deposits at the site of transcutaneous injections. In the 2nd group, 9/12 (75%) lesions resolved after the first surgery, and the other 3 lesions responded to repeated surgery. Recurrence or appearance of new lesions adjacent to the old one was noticed in 2 cases after approximately one month from resolution. In the 3rd group, resolution was found in all patients 12/12 (100%) after 2 weeks, and neither recurrence nor complications were faced.

CONCLUSION

The 3 procedures were safe, effective and convenient. Intralesional corticosteroid injection is a good procedure for children, patients with allergy to local anesthesia, chalazia close to the lacrimal drainage system and it is convenient for physicians other than ophthalmologists. Incision and curettage is recommended for patients with infected chalazia. Combined incision, curettage and intralesional corticosteroid injection is more convenient for patients with large, recurrent and multiple chalazia.