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Wilk P, Ruiz-Castell M, Bohn T, Fagherazzi G, Nicholson K, Moran V, Makovski TT, Pi Alperin MN, Stranges S, Samouda H. Association between functional limitation and quality of life among older adults with multimorbidity in Luxembourg. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Multimorbidity, defined as the co-existence of two or more chronic conditions, is affecting an increasing number of Europeans, leading to poorer quality of life (QoL). This study assessed how functional limitation affects the QoL trajectories in a cohort of older individuals having multimorbidity, and whether there are any gender differences in these effects.
Methods
We used a longitudinal cohort of 906 multimorbid respondents 50 years of age or older from Luxembourg who participated in four waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (2013-2020). We used the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure scale (CASP-12) to assess QoL and the Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) to measure functional limitation. Multigroup latent growth curve (LGC) modeling techniques were employed to assess how the measures of functional limitation over time are related to QoL trajectories and whether or not these effects are different by sex.
Results
In 2013, over 60% of older residents of Luxembourg were affected by multimorbidity. The results from the LGC models suggest that both men and women with multimorbidity experienced a statistically significant decline in QoL between 2013 and 2020 at a constant rate; there were no significant differences in the rate of this change between men and women. The level of QoL at baseline and over time was significantly lower for individuals reporting functional limitation. However, functional limitation had no significant impact on the rate of decline in QoL for both men and women.
Discussion and conclusions
As an increasing number of individuals in Europe are becoming vulnerable to more years lived with multiple chronic conditions, there is a growing need to identify factors that may lead to improvements in QoL among people affected by multimorbidity. Gaining more knowledge on the role of functional limitation may be particularly important for planning comprehensive care for patients with multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wilk
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University , London, Canada
| | - M Ruiz-Castell
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - T Bohn
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - G Fagherazzi
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - K Nicholson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University , London, Canada
| | - V Moran
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
- Living Conditions, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - TT Makovski
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - MN Pi Alperin
- Living Conditions, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - S Stranges
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University , London, Canada
| | - H Samouda
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
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Wilk P, Ruiz-Castell M, Moran V, Noel Pi Alperin M, Bohn T, Fagherazzi G, Suhrcke M. How multimorbidity and socio-economic factors affect Long Covid: Evidence from European Countries. Eur J Public Health 2022. [PMCID: PMC9593341 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increasing number of individuals continue reporting symptoms following the acute stage of Covid-19 infection. Few studies have investigated the factors related to Long Covid. Our aim was to assess how multimorbidity, socio-economic factors (immigration, education, employment, and income), and country of residence affect the presence and number of persistent symptoms attributable to Covid-19 illness in Europe. Methods We used data from the SHARE Corona surveys collected in 2020 and 2021. The sample included 4,004 respondents aged 50 years and older who were affected by the Corona virus. The outcome was the number of persistent symptoms attributable to Covid-19 illness, including: fatigue; cough, congestion, shortness of breath; loss of taste or smell; headache; body aches, joint pain; chest or abdominal pain; diarrhoea, nausea; and confusion. We conducted a multilevel analysis for a hurdle model with negative binomial distribution. Results Overall, 73% of respondents were estimated to have at least one persistent symptom associated with Covid-19 illness and, on average, they had 2.73 symptoms. However, there were some statistically significant across country differences in the presence and number of symptoms. Respondents who were employed were more likely to report at least one symptom (OR = 1.40) and those with higher levels of education were less likely to report any symptoms (OR = 0.67). Respondents with multimorbidity had an increased risk of experiencing an additional symptom (RR = 1.12) while respondents who were employed had a decreased risk of experiencing an additional symptom (RR = 0.85). Discussion and conclusions Presence and number of persistent symptoms associated with Covid-19 illness was highly prevalent and varied significantly across European countries. Evidence from the present work underscores the need to target high-risk groups and those with multimorbidity to reduce long-term health consequences of Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wilk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University , London Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - M Ruiz-Castell
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - V Moran
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Living Conditions, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - M Noel Pi Alperin
- Living Conditions, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - T Bohn
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - G Fagherazzi
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - M Suhrcke
- Living Conditions, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research , Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Wilk P, Stranges S, Bellocco R, Bohn T, Samouda H, Nicholson K, Makovski TT, Maltby A. Multimorbidity in Large Canadian Urban Centres. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Although health outcomes are related to the characteristics of the geographic areas in which people live, there is limited knowledge on how the prevalence of multimorbidity varies within and across major Canadian urban centres. Our goal was to assess the level of between-neighbourhood variation in the prevalence of multimorbidity in Canada's large urban centres, controlling for compositional effects associated with demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Methods
Cross-sectional data from the 2015-2018 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were used. Respondents (20 years and older) residing in one of the 35 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) were included (N = 100,803). Census tracts (CTs), relatively small and stable geographic areas nested within CMAs, were used as a measure of neighbourhood. To assess the between-neighbourhood differences in multimorbidity prevalence, we fitted sequential random intercept logistic regression models.
Results
During the 2015-2018 period, 8.1% of residents of large urban centres in Canada had multimorbidity. The results from the unadjusted model indicate that 13.4% of the total variance in multimorbidity could be attributed to the between-neighbourhood differences. After adjustment for overall characteristics of the CMAs in which these neighbourhoods are located, as well as for individual-level demographic and socioeconomic factors related to compositional effects, 11.0% of the individual variance in multimorbidity could still be attributed to the between-neighbourhood differences.
Discussion and Conclusions
There is significant and substantial geographic variation in multimorbidity prevalence across neighbourhoods in Canada's large urban centres. Residing in some neighbourhoods could be associated with increased odds of having multimorbidity, even after accounting for overall characteristics of the CMAs in which these neighbourhoods are located, as well as individual-level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wilk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University , London, Canada
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - S Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University , London, Canada
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - R Bellocco
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet , Solna, Sweden
| | - T Bohn
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - H Samouda
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - K Nicholson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University , London, Canada
| | - TT Makovski
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A Maltby
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University , London, Canada
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Ferrini K, Stahl C, Bohn T. The lifana solution: a mobile health personalized nutrition application for promoting healthy diet in elderly people. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bohn T, Carriere F, Day L, Deglaire A, Egger L, Freitas D, Golding M, Le Feunteun S, Macierzanka A, Menard O, Miralles B, Moscovici A, Portmann R, Recio I, Rémond D, Santé-Lhoutelier V, Wooster TJ, Lesmes U, Mackie AR, Dupont D. Correlation between in vitro and in vivo data on food digestion. What can we predict with static in vitro digestion models? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2239-2261. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1315362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | - L. Day
- Agresearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - L. Egger
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Golding
- Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Moscovici
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - R. Portmann
- Agroscope, Institute for Food Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - T. J. Wooster
- Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - U. Lesmes
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Mihajlovic L, Radosavljevic J, Nordlund E, Krstic M, Bohn T, Smit J, Buchert J, Cirkovic Velickovic T. Peanut protein structure, polyphenol content and immune response to peanut proteins in vivo are modulated by laccase. Food Funct 2016; 7:2357-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Laccase cross-linking of peanut protein causes changes in the protein structure, phenolic composition and immunological properties of the treated peanut protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Mihajlovic
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | | | | | - M. Krstic
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - T. Bohn
- Centre de Recherche Public – Gabriel Lippmann
- Belvaux
- Luxembourg
| | - J. Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- Netherlands
| | - J. Buchert
- National Food Resources Institute (Luke)
- Helsinki
- Finland
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Gutleb A, Caloni F, Giraud F, Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Hoffmann L, Bohn T, Pasquali M. Detection of multiple mycotoxin occurrences in soy animal feed by traditional mycological identification combined with molecular species identification. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:275-279. [PMID: 28962360 PMCID: PMC5598493 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy products are a main component of animal feed. Because mycotoxins may harm farm animals, undermining productivity and health, a mycological and toxigenic screening was carried out on 36 batches used in animal feed, collected in 2008, 2009 and 2010 in Italy. The investigated mycoflora of a subset of soy seed (n = 6) suggested that Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. frequently colonize soy seeds. Aflatoxins, fumonisins and deoxynivalenol were detected in 88.9%, 72.2% and 30.6% of samples, respectively. Co-occurrence of at least two toxins was observed in 72% of cases. The molecular analysis of the Fusarium spp. population identified Fusarium verticillioides as potential producers of fumonisins, but no known deoxynivalenol producers were detected. It is suggested that the widespread presence of toxins can be due to non-optimal storing conditions of the feed. Moreover, our results suggest that mycotoxin thresholds should be adapted to consider the frequent case of toxin co-occurrence. This approach would better reflect the real toxigenic risk of feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Gutleb
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 5 avenue des Hauts-Forneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - F. Caloni
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Giraud
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 5 avenue des Hauts-Forneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - C. Cortinovis
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Pizzo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L. Hoffmann
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 5 avenue des Hauts-Forneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - T. Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 5 avenue des Hauts-Forneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - M. Pasquali
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, 5 avenue des Hauts-Forneaux, L-4362 Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
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Alminger M, Aura AM, Bohn T, Dufour C, El S, Gomes A, Karakaya S, Martínez-Cuesta M, McDougall G, Requena T, Santos C. In VitroModels for Studying Secondary Plant Metabolite Digestion and Bioaccessibility. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:413-436. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Alminger
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Chalmers Univ. of Technology; SE 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - A.-M. Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland; P.O.Box 1000 Tietotie 2 Espoo FI-02044 VTT Finland
| | - T. Bohn
- Environment and Agro-biotechnologies Dept; Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann; 4422 Belvaux Luxembourg
| | - C. Dufour
- INRA, UMR408 Safety and Quality of Plant Products F-84000 Avignon; France
- Univ. of Avignon; UMR408 Safety and Quality of Plant Products F-84000 Avignon; France
| | - S.N. El
- Engineering Faculty Dept. of Food Engineering; Ege Univ. 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - A. Gomes
- Inst. de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica; Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras Portugal
- Inst. de Tecnologia Química e Biológica; Univ. Nova de Lisboa; Av. da República, EAN, 2781-901 Oeiras Portugal
| | - S. Karakaya
- Engineering Faculty Dept. of Food Engineering; Ege Univ. 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - M.C. Martínez-Cuesta
- Inst. de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL (CSIC-UAM); Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - G.J. McDougall
- The James Hutton Inst., Invergowrie; DD2 5DA; Dundee United Kingdom
| | - T. Requena
- Inst. de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL (CSIC-UAM); Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - C.N. Santos
- Inst. de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica; Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras Portugal
- Inst. de Tecnologia Química e Biológica; Univ. Nova de Lisboa; Av. da República, EAN, 2781-901 Oeiras Portugal
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Minekus M, Alminger M, Alvito P, Ballance S, Bohn T, Bourlieu C, Carrière F, Boutrou R, Corredig M, Dupont D, Dufour C, Egger L, Golding M, Karakaya S, Kirkhus B, Le Feunteun S, Lesmes U, Macierzanka A, Mackie A, Marze S, McClements DJ, Ménard O, Recio I, Santos CN, Singh RP, Vegarud GE, Wickham MSJ, Weitschies W, Brodkorb A. A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food - an international consensus. Food Funct 2014; 5:1113-24. [PMID: 24803111 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60702j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3176] [Impact Index Per Article: 317.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simulated gastro-intestinal digestion is widely employed in many fields of food and nutritional sciences, as conducting human trials are often costly, resource intensive, and ethically disputable. As a consequence, in vitro alternatives that determine endpoints such as the bioaccessibility of nutrients and non-nutrients or the digestibility of macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) are used for screening and building new hypotheses. Various digestion models have been proposed, often impeding the possibility to compare results across research teams. For example, a large variety of enzymes from different sources such as of porcine, rabbit or human origin have been used, differing in their activity and characterization. Differences in pH, mineral type, ionic strength and digestion time, which alter enzyme activity and other phenomena, may also considerably alter results. Other parameters such as the presence of phospholipids, individual enzymes such as gastric lipase and digestive emulsifiers vs. their mixtures (e.g. pancreatin and bile salts), and the ratio of food bolus to digestive fluids, have also been discussed at length. In the present consensus paper, within the COST Infogest network, we propose a general standardised and practical static digestion method based on physiologically relevant conditions that can be applied for various endpoints, which may be amended to accommodate further specific requirements. A frameset of parameters including the oral, gastric and small intestinal digestion are outlined and their relevance discussed in relation to available in vivo data and enzymes. This consensus paper will give a detailed protocol and a line-by-line, guidance, recommendations and justifications but also limitation of the proposed model. This harmonised static, in vitro digestion method for food should aid the production of more comparable data in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Minekus
- TNO, PO BOX 360, 3700AJ Zeist, The Netherlands.
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Bohn T, Cocco E, Gourdol L, Guignard C, Hoffmann L. Determination of atrazine and degradation products in Luxembourgish drinking water: origin and fate of potential endocrine-disrupting pesticides. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1041-54. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.580012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pasquali M, Giraud F, Brochot C, Cocco E, Hoffmann L, Bohn T. Genetic Fusarium chemotyping as a useful tool for predicting nivalenol contamination in winter wheat. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 137:246-53. [PMID: 20004994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum [teleomorph Gibberella zeae] and Fusarium culmorum together with Fusarium poae are the main species known to produce nivalenol (NIV). The NIV content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvested in Luxembourg was investigated in 2007 and 2008 at 17 different locations. Species determination and genetic chemotyping of F. graminearum and F. culmorum were used to understand the spatial distribution of NIV producers in wheat from Luxembourg. Three hundred thirteen F. graminearum, 175 F. culmorum and 117 F. poae strains respectively were isolated. Chemotypes of the first two species were determined by PCR and confirmed on a sub-sample of single isolates by LC-MS/MS analysis. The 15-acetylated DON chemotype of F. graminearum was dominant in both years representing 94.2% of the population while the NIV chemotype represented 5.8%. The F. culmorum chemotypes were rather evenly distributed, with 3-acetylated DON and NIV profiles present with similar abundances (53.2% and 46.8%, respectively). NIV presence in wheat flour obtained from the 17 sites was correlated with the number of F. culmorum (NIV chemotype) isolated from 100 seeds, suggesting its primary role in NIV production on grains. The predictive power for identifying NIV contamination in grains based on NIV chemotype presence was confirmed by coupling the isolation procedure with a cut-off value, resulting in the successful identification (100%, p=0.008) of NIV contamination in grains collected from 9 additional experimental sites. In conclusion, the results highlight the importance of chemotyping for improved prediction of toxin contamination in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pasquali
- Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Department Environment and Agro-Biotechnologies, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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Pasquali M, Giraud F, Brochot C, Hoffmann L, Bohn T. First Report of the Nivalenol Chemotype of Fusarium graminearum Causing Head Blight of Wheat in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Plant Dis 2009; 93:1217. [PMID: 30754597 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-93-11-1217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the major diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Luxembourg (2) and there is concern for mycotoxins in diseased grain. Isolates of F. graminearum have been assigned to chemotypes based on the particular toxins produced. Ten wheat fields representing different topoclimatological areas of Luxembourg were surveyed in 2007 and 2008 to determine the frequency and distribution of chemotypes. Partially blighted wheat heads were collected, and diseased grains were plated on Fusarium-selective agar (dichloran-chloramphenicol-peptone) for 12 days at 22 ± 2°C with a 12-h light period. Monoconidial isolates of F. graminearum (79 in 2007 and 85 in 2008) were obtained by conidia dilution on 2% water agar and needle selection under a microscope. F. graminearum isolates showed rapid growth on potato dextrose agar, dense aerial mycelium with red pigment deposits in the plate, macroconidia with five to six defined septa, and a basal cell with the typical foot shape. Microconidia were absent. To confirm species identification, a PCR reaction was carried out using the F. graminearum species-specific primers Fg16F (5'-CTCCGGATATGTTGCGTCAA-3') and Fg16R (5'-GGTAGGTATCCGACATGGCAA-3') according to Demeke et al. (1). Chemotype of each isolate was determined according to Ward et al. (4). In particular, PCR primer 12CON (5' CATGAGCATGGTGATGTC-3') coupled with primer 12NF (5'-TCTCCTCGTTGTATCTGG-3') and primer 3CON (5'-TGGCAAAGACTGGTTCAC-3') coupled with primer 3NA (5'-GTGCACAGAATATACGAGC-3') identified the nivalenol chemotype, primer 12CON coupled with primer 12-15F (5'-TACAGCGGTCGCAACTTC-3') and primer 3CON coupled with primer 3D15A (5'-ACTGACCCAAGCTGCCATC-3') identified the 15-acetylated deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotype, while primer 12CON coupled with primer 12-3F (5'-CTTTGGCAAGCCCGTGCA-3') and primer 3CON coupled with primer 3D3A (5'-CGCATTGGCTAACACATG-3') identified 3-acetylated DON chemotype. Reactions were repeated two times and positive controls (provided by Kerry O'Donnell, NRRL collection, Peoria, IL) and a negative control (water) were used in each reaction. Frequency of the nivalenol chemotype was found to be 2.5% in 2007 and 1% in 2008. Interestingly, the nivalenol chemotype was absent in southern Luxembourg. According to this finding, nivalenol was likely to be present at low levels in grain from Reisdorf and Echternach in 2007 (central Luxembourg) and in 2008 from grain of Troisvierges (northern Luxembourg). The remaining isolates in both years belonged to the 15-acetylated DON chemotype and the 3-acetylated DON chemotype was not detected. Compared with a previous report from the Netherlands (3), the nivalenol chemotype in Luxembourg is less frequent and widespread. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the nivalenol chemotype of F. graminearum causing head blight on wheat in Luxembourg. References:(1) T. Demeke et al. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 103:271, 2005. (2) F. Giraud et al. Plant Dis. 92:1587, 2008. (3) C. Waalwijk et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 109:743, 2003. (4) T. J. Ward et al. Fung. Genet. Biol. 45:473, 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pasquali
- Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Department Environment and Agro-Biotechnologies; 41, Rue du Brill; L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - F Giraud
- Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Department Environment and Agro-Biotechnologies; 41, Rue du Brill; L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - C Brochot
- Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Department Environment and Agro-Biotechnologies; 41, Rue du Brill; L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - L Hoffmann
- Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Department Environment and Agro-Biotechnologies; 41, Rue du Brill; L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - T Bohn
- Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Department Environment and Agro-Biotechnologies; 41, Rue du Brill; L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Eybe T, Bohn T, Audinot JN, Udelhoven T, Cauchie HM, Migeon HN, Hoffmann L. Uptake visualization of deltamethrin by NanoSIMS and acute toxicity to the water flea Daphnia magna. Chemosphere 2009; 76:134-140. [PMID: 19278714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the uptake of deltamethrin, an insecticide, by Daphnia magna neonates by SIMS and to compare these findings with results based on established toxicity tests. Young daphnids (aged <24 h) were exposed to 0, 50 and 200 microg L(-1) (ppb) deltamethrin. Mobile, immobile and dead animals were enumerated after 24 and 48 h following OECD 202 [OECD 202, 2004. Daphnia sp., acute immobilisation test, guideline for testing of chemicals] guidelines. The animals were embedded in epoxy resin, cut into semi-thin sections (500 nm) and placed on silicon supporters. NanoSIMS 50 (Cameca) images were made from tissues of the intestine for carbon, nitrogen (measured as CN), phosphorus and bromine. To distinguish between relative concentrations of bromine in the guts from different exposure concentrations of deltamethrin, a carbon normalization method was carried out. Both deltamethrin concentrations and time showed a significant effect on immobilization and mortality of the daphnids (P<0.0001). Bromine from deltamethrin could be visualized by NanoSIMS in all exposed gut tissues (gut wall, microvilli layer, perithropic membrane). Highest deltamethrin concentrations following (12)C normalization were found in animals exposed to 200 microg L(-1) deltamethrin, followed by 50 microg L(-1) and the control. NanoSIMS 50 was successfully used as a supplemental technique for elucidating the relation between the uptake and localization of deltamethrin and its toxicity to D. magna. These results highlight the potential usefulness of NanoSIMS to detect marker elements of xenobiotic compounds within exposed organisms, to compare relative exposure concentrations, and to locate these compounds at their original tissue location.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Eybe
- Department Environment and Agro-Biotechnologies, Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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15
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Giraud F, Vrancken C, Delfosse P, Bohn T, Hoffmann L, Munaut F, El Jarroudi M. First Report of Fusarium Head Blight on Winter Wheat in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Plant Dis 2008; 92:1587. [PMID: 30764457 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-11-1587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Following a comparatively mild winter (1.9°C above average [2000-2007]), Fusarium head blight (FHB) on winter wheat was observed during the 2007 season in 17 sites representing all three districts of Diekirch, Grevenmacher, and Luxembourg. The cultivars encountered were diverse and included Achat, Akteur, Aron, Bussard, Cubus, Enorm, Exclusiv, Flair, Rosario, Tommi, and Urban. The preceding crops were maize (six sites), rapeseed (three sites), and one site each of pea, triticale, winter barley, and winter wheat. Rainfalls recorded during the flowering period (June 1-23, mean June 12 for GS 65) ranged from 13 to 62 (mean 38) mm. An overall prevalence of FHB (percentage of infected spikes) of 8.9 ± 15.5% (mean ± SD) and a severity (percentage of infected grains per spike) of 21.0 ± 17.8% were recorded. A significant difference in FHB severity was observed between the cantons north and south of Luxembourg City, 13.4 ± 13.1% (range 0.01 to 46.4) and 35.1 ± 18.1% (range 6.2 to 61.9), respectively (Man-Whitney, P = 0.027), indicating the importance to take regional specificities such as topoclimatological aspects into account. Maize as a preceding crop resulted in significant higher prevalence of FHB as opposed to the other crops (5.9 ± 1.6% versus 3.3 ± 2.2%, Man-Whitney, P = 0.022).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giraud
- Environment and Agro-Biotechnology Department, CRP-Gabriel Lippmann, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - C Vrancken
- Environment and Agro-Biotechnology Department, CRP-Gabriel Lippmann, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - P Delfosse
- Environment and Agro-Biotechnology Department, CRP-Gabriel Lippmann, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - T Bohn
- Environment and Agro-Biotechnology Department, CRP-Gabriel Lippmann, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - L Hoffmann
- Environment and Agro-Biotechnology Department, CRP-Gabriel Lippmann, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - F Munaut
- BCCM-MUCL, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M El Jarroudi
- Department Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement, Université de Liège, B-6700 Arlon, Belgium
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Eybe T, Audinot J, Bohn T, Guignard C, Migeon H, Hoffmann L. NanoSIMS 50 elucidation of the natural element composition in structures of cyanobacteria and their exposure to halogen compounds. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1502-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gorocica-Buenfil MA, Fluharty FL, Bohn T, Schwartz SJ, Loerch SC. Effect of low vitamin A diets with high-moisture or dry corn on marbling and adipose tissue fatty acid composition of beef steers. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:3355-66. [PMID: 17709781 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angus-cross steers (n = 165; 295 +/- 16 kg of BW) were used evaluate the effect of low vitamin A diets with high-moisture corn (HMC) or dry corn (DC) on marbling and fatty acid composition. Steers were allotted to 24 pens (7 steers/pen), such that each pen had the same average initial BW. Treatments were randomly allotted to the pens. The experiment had a completely randomized design, with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: low vitamin A (Lo, no supplemental vitamin A) and HMC (LoHMC); LoDC; high vitamin A (Hi, supplemented with 2,200 IU of vitamin A/kg of DM) and HMC (HiHMC); and HiDC. Diets contained 76% corn, 10% corn silage, 11% protein supplement, and 3% soybean oil (DM basis). Samples of feed ingredients were collected for carotenoid analysis. Blood samples were collected for serum retinol determination. Steers were slaughtered after 145 d on feed. Carcass characteristics and LM composition were determined. Samples from the s.c. fat depot were analyzed for fatty acid composition. High-moisture corn had a greater vitamin A content, based on its carotenoid content, than DC (614 vs. 366 IU/kg of DM, P < 0.01). No vitamin A x corn type interactions were detected for feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, or serum, s.c. fat, or liver retinol concentration. Average daily gain, DMI, and G:F were not affected by vitamin A (P > 0.05). Marbling score and USDA quality grade were greater (P < 0.05) in Lo vs. Hi steers. Hot carcass weight, backfat, and yield grade were not affected by the treatments (P > 0.05). Vitamin A and corn type did not affect LM composition (DM, ash, CP, or ether-extractable fat, P > 0.05). Vitamin A supplementation increased (P < 0.06) serum retinol on d 112 and 145 and increased (P < 0.01) liver retinol at slaughter (Lo = 38.7 vs. Hi = 102.9 mug/g). The s.c. fat retinol concentrations were less (P < 0.01) for Lo (0.8 mug/g) than for Hi (1.4 mug/g) at slaughter. Cell diameter of adipocytes in the i.m. depot was not affected by dietary vitamin A (P > 0.05). A vitamin A x corn type interaction was observed (P < 0.05) for the s.c. fat cellularity. Feeding HMC increased the number of cells per square millimeter when Lo diets were fed (LoHMC = 128 vs. LoDC = 100 cells/mm(2), P < 0.05), but not when Hi diets were fed (HiHMC = 109 vs. HiDC = 111 cells/mm(2), P > 0.05). The CLA content of adipose tissue was not affected by the treatments. Regardless of the corn type used, feeding low vitamin A diets for 145 d to Angus-cross steers increased marbling and quality grade without affecting yield grade, animal health, or performance.
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Bohn T, Walczyk T, Leisibach S, Hurrell R. Chlorophyll-bound Magnesium in Commonly Consumed Vegetables and Fruits: Relevance to Magnesium Nutrition. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hüfner M, Bohn T, Hunstein W. [Clinical diagnosis: Cushing's disease. Laboratory diagnosis: normal findings. A contribution on the rhythmic activity of endocrine adenomas]. Internist (Berl) 1986; 27:541-2. [PMID: 3019917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bohn T, Hunstein W. [Late recurrence of Wegener disease]. Internist (Berl) 1985; 26:711. [PMID: 3908378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Haas R, Mundinger A, Bohn T, Schaz K, Hunstein W. [Therapeutic possibilities in hypereosinophilia syndrome with Löffler's fibroplastic endomyocarditis. Efficacy of cytarabine and 6-thioguanine]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1985; 110:1573-6. [PMID: 4042884 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1069049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In two of four patients with hypereosinophilia and Löffler's myocarditis (confirmed by biopsy) the activity of the disease was contained with prednisone, in one instance combined with hydroxycarbamide. In two patients, in whom the disease was taking a fulminant course and other treatment had failed, cytarabine and 6-thioguanine proved effective, providing a 16-month symptom-free period in one of them. But the second patient died from septicaemia associated with treatment-induced bone-marrow hypoplasia. Prednisone (1 mg/kg daily) and hydroxycarbamide (0.5-1.5 g daily) are the drugs of choice in the hypereosinophilia syndrome. If they fail, cytarabine (100 mg/m2 on days 1-5, repeated on day 28) and 6-thioguanine (100 mg/m2 daily) should be given.
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Bohn T, Hunstein W. [Bronchial asthma, eosinophilia and lung infiltrates (Churg-Strauss syndrome)]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1985; 115:629-31. [PMID: 4001909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In a patient suffering from bronchial asthma of several years' standing, recently worsening physical condition, marked eosinophilia and pulmonary infiltrates, the clinical diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) was confirmed histologically. The patient improved impressively after the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, in contrast to the often lethal course of this disease. Therefore, the possibility of CSS should be considered in every case of bronchial asthma with progressive worsening of the physical condition or in presence of leukocytosis with significant eosinophilia.
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Bohn T, Hunstein W, Ho AD. [Long-term observations of Wegener's disease. Results of treating recurrences]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1985; 110:642-4. [PMID: 3987524 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1068879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Four patients with Wegener's disease (three women; one man) were followed from three to eleven years. Patient 1 has been free of recurrence for 11 years, six of them without treatment. Patient 2 had a probable recurrence after seven years, six of them without treatment. Patient 3 had a recurrence after 11 years (ten without treatment) requiring renewed treatment, with good response. Patient 4 (male) has required continued treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone for the last three years.
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Krause KH, Bohn T, Schmidt-Gayk H, Prager P, Ritz E. [Prophylactic treatment of epileptic patients with vitamin D2 and D3. Results of a comparative study of 86 patients (author's transl)]. Nervenarzt 1978; 49:174-80. [PMID: 205811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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