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Ribeiro LMBC, Fumagalli F, Mello RB, Froes TQ, da Silva MVS, Villamizar Gómez SM, Barros TF, Emery FS, Castilho MS. Structure-activity relationships and mechanism of action of tetragomycin derivatives as inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus staphyloxanthin biosynthesis. Microb Pathog 2020; 144:104127. [PMID: 32169485 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the main strategy to overcome bacterial resistance has focused on the development of more potent antimicrobial agents, the evolutionary pressure caused by such drugs makes this strategy limited. Molecules that interfere with virulence factors appear as a promising alternative though, as they cause reduced selective pressure. As a matter of fact, staphyloxanthin biosynthesis inhibition (STXBI) has been pursued as promising strategy to reduce S. aureus virulence. Herein, we report the inhibitory profile of 27 tetrangomycin derivatives over staphyloxanthin production. The experimental result showed that naphthoquinone dehydro-α-lapachone (25 - EC50 = 57.29 ± 1.15 μM) and 2-Isopropylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (26 EC50 = 82.10 ± 1.09 μM) are the most potent compounds and suggest that hydrogen acceptor groups and lipophilic moieties decorating the naphthoquinone ring are crucial for STXBI. In addition, we present an in situ analysis, through RAMAN spectroscopy, that is inexpensive and might be employed to probe the mechanism of action of staphyloxanthin biosynthesis inhibitors. Therefore, our molecular simplification strategies afforded promising lead compounds for the development of drugs that modulate S. aureus staphyloxanthin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M B C Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - F Fumagalli
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - R B Mello
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Q Froes
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - M V S da Silva
- Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - T F Barros
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - F S Emery
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Castilho
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil.
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Matos CS, de Souza Andrade A, Oliveira NS, Barros TF. Microbiological characteristics of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus spp. in Bahia, Brazil: molecular types and antifungal susceptibilities. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:1647-52. [PMID: 22278291 PMCID: PMC3364408 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To determine the profiles of susceptibility to antifungal and the genotypes of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus in Bahia, Brazil, 62 isolates were collected from cases of meningitis in the period from 2006 to 2010. Their susceptibilities to fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine were determined by the broth microdilution technique described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and genotyping of the URA5 gene was accomplished by restriction fragment length polymorphism. C. neoformans accounted for 79% of the identified yeast and C. gattii represented the remaining 21%. Evaluation of the genotypes determined that 100% of the C. gattii isolates belong to the VGII genotype, and 98% of the C. neoformans isolates belong to the VNI genotype. Determination of susceptibility revealed isolates resistant to fluconazole (4.8%), 5-flucytosine (1.6%) and amphotericin B (3.2%); the stratification of sensitivity results for each species showed significant differences in susceptibility to azoles. This study is the first to describe the susceptibility profiles of molecular and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus in Bahia, Brazil. The high percentage of C. gattii isolates belonging to the VGII genotype and its lower susceptibility to antifungal agents highlight the importance of knowing which species are involved in cryptococcal infections in northeastern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Matos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - A. de Souza Andrade
- Program for Scientific Initiation, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - T. F. Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Street Barão de Jeremoabo, University Campus of Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia Brazil CEP 40170-290
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Detoni CB, Cabral-Albuquerque ECM, Hohlemweger SVA, Sampaio C, Barros TF, Velozo ES. Essential oil from Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba loaded into multilamellar liposomes useful as antimicrobial agents. J Microencapsul 2010; 26:684-91. [PMID: 19888877 DOI: 10.1080/02652040802661887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba essential oil (EO) is a complex mixture of organic compounds among which methyl-N-methylanthranilate and sesquiterpene alcohol alpha-bisabolol represent the main compounds. The essential oil antimicrobial activity was studied against bacteria and fungi cells by diffusion disk method and significant activity was observed against S. aureus, S. aureus isolated multi-resistant and the dermathophyte fungi. Essential oil from Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba loaded into DPPC multilamellar liposomes (MLV) was successfully produced through a thin film hydration method with mean diameter of 9.37 +/- 4.69 microm. The EO-loaded liposomes showed adequate sphericity and narrower size distribution than empty liposomes. Results also showed that Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba essential oil can be incorporated in appreciable amounts (43.7 +/- 6.0%) in the prepared vesicular dispersions. A strong interaction between essential oil and lipid bilayer was indicated by a significant decrease in T(m) of the EO-loaded liposomes related to empty vesicles. Essential oil showed incomplete release profile from liposomes, suggesting that EO-loaded liposomes will be useful in pharmaceutical applications to enhance essential oil targeting to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Detoni
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Matéria Médica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Farmácia, 40170-290 Ondina, Salvador/Ba, Brazil
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Detoni CB, Cabral-Albuquerque ECM, Hohlemweger SVA, Sampaio C, Barros TF, Velozo ES. Essential oil fromZanthoxylum tingoassuibaloaded into multilamellar liposomes useful as antimicrobial agents. J Microencapsul 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040802661887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
A LON gene homologue from the human pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (PbLON) has been cloned, sequenced and characterized. It encodes a putative ATP-dependent proteinase Lon, which in Saccharomyces cerevisisae (PIM1) is a heat-inducible protein involved in the degradation of abnormal or short-lived proteins in the mitochondria. The PbLON ORF is within a 3369 bp fragment interrupted by two introns located in the 3'segment. The 5' and 3' regions flanking the ORF contain sequences which resemble known transcription elements. Several transcription binding factor motifs have also been found, including sites for heat shock/stress response and nitrogen control. The deduced protein consists of 1063 residues containing a mitochondrial import signal at the N-terminus and conserved ATP-binding (GPPGVGKT) and serine catalytic (KDGPSAG) sites. It shares high identity with Lon homologues from S. cerevisiae (73%), Homo sapiens (62%) and Escherichia coli (56%). In P. brasiliensis, an MDJ1 putative gene has also been partially sequenced adjacent to PbLON, possibly sharing divergently orientated promoter elements. This chromosomal organization is interesting, since Mdj1p is a heat shock chaperone essential for substrate degradation by PIM1 in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Barros
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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San-Blas G, Travassos LR, Fries BC, Goldman DL, Casadevall A, Carmona AK, Barros TF, Puccia R, Hostetter MK, Shanks SG, Copping VM, Knox Y, Gow NA. Fungal morphogenesis and virulence. Med Mycol 2001; 38 Suppl 1:79-86. [PMID: 11204167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variability in pathogenic fungi has long been correlated with virulence, but specific genetic and molecular mechanisms are only recently being unraveled. Fungal morphogenesis, reflecting the expression of several regulated genes, and the capacity of the rising forms or phases to cause disease has been focused on at the XIVth Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Three experimental models of pathogenic fungi have been discussed. In Cryptococcus neoformans, phenotypic variability or switching represents controlled and programmed changes rather than random mutations. Evaluated phenotypic traits were the capsular polysaccharide, cell and colony morphology and virulence. In the dimorphic Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the serine-thiol proteinase from the yeast phase cleaves the main components of the basal membrane, thus being potentially relevant in fungal dissemination. In Candida albicans, relationships between adhesion proteins and those of lymphocytes and neutrophils are related to fungal pathogenicity. Regulation of the directional growth of hyphae and its tropic responses are correlated with the invasive potential of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- G San-Blas
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Caracas, Venezuela.
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Morais FV, Barros TF, Fukada MK, Cisalpino PS, Puccia R. Polymorphism in the gene coding for the immunodominant antigen gp43 from the pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3960-6. [PMID: 11060052 PMCID: PMC87525 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.11.3960-3966.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2000] [Accepted: 08/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gp43 glycoprotein is an immune-dominant antigen in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). It is protective against murine PCM and is a putative virulence factor. The gp43 gene of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis B-339 is located in a 1,329-bp DNA fragment that includes two exons, a 78-bp intron, and a leader peptide-coding region of 105 bp. Polymorphism in gp43 has been suggested by the occurrence, in the same isolate or among different fungal samples, of isoforms with distinct isoelectric points. In the present study we aligned and compared with a consensus sequence the gp43 precursor genes of 17 P. brasiliensis isolates after sequencing two PCR products from each fungal sample. The genotypic types detected showed 1 to 4 or 14 to 15 informative substitution sites, preferentially localized between 578 and 1166 bp. Some nucleotide differences within individual isolates (noninformative sites) resulted in a second isoelectric point for the deduced protein. The most polymorphic sequences were also phylogenetically distant from the others and encoded basic gp43 isoforms. The three isolates in this group were from patients with chronic PCM, and their DNA restriction patterns were distinct in Southern blots. The nucleotides encoding the inner core of the murine T-cell-protective epitope of gp43 were conserved, offering hope for the development of a universal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Morais
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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San-Blas G, Travassos LR, Fries BC, Goldman DL, Casadevall A, Carmona AK, Barros TF, Puccia R, Hostetter MK, Shanks SG, Copping VMS, Knox Y, Gow NAR. Fungal morphogenesis and virulence. Med Mycol 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/mmy.38.s1.79.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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San-Blas G, Travassos LR, Fries BC, Goldman DL, Casadevall A, Carmona AK, Barros TF, Puccia R, Hostetter MK, Shanks SG, Copping VMS, Knox Y, Gow NAR. Fungal morphogenesis and virulence. Med Mycol 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/mmy.38.1.79.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Antigenic preparations (saline, methylic, metabolic and exoantigens) of four agents of chromoblastomycosis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora (Cladosporium) carrionii and Rhinocladiella aquaspersa were obtained. Partial chemical characterization of these antigenic preparations was obtained by determination of the levels of total lipids, protein, and carbohydrates, and identification of the main sterols and carbohydrates. Methylic antigens presented the highest lipid contents, whereas metabolic antigens showed the highest carbohydrate content. Total lipid, protein, and carbohydrate levels were in the range of 2.33 to 2.00 mg/ml, 0.04 to 0.02 mg/ml and 0.10 to 0.02 mg/ml, respectively, in the methylic antigens and in the range of 0. 53 to 0.18 mg/ml, 0.44 to 0.26 mg/ml, and 1.82 to 1.02 mg/ml, respectively, in saline antigens. Total lipid, protein, and carbohydrate contents were in the range of 0.55 to 0.20 mg/ml, 0.69 to 0.57 mg/ml and 10.73 to 5.93 mg/ml, respectively, in the metabolic antigens, and in the range of 0.55 to 0.15 mg/ml, 0.62 to 0.20 mg/ml and 3.55 to 0.42 mg/ml, respectively, in the exoantigens. Phospholipids were not detected in the preparations. Saline and metabolic antigens and exoantigens presented hexose and the methylic antigen revealed additional pentose units in their composition. The UV light absorption spectra of the sterols revealed squalene and an ergosterol fraction in the antigens. The characterization of these antigenic preparations may be useful for serological evaluation of patients of chromoblastomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Barros
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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