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Maciejczak A, Gasik R, Kotrych D, Rutkowski P, Antoniak K, Derenda M, Dobiecki K, Górski R, Grzelak L, Guzik G, Harat M, Janusz W, Jarmużek P, Łątka D, Maciejczyk A, Mandat T, Potaczek T, Rocławski M, Trembecki Ł, Załuski R. Spinal tumours: recommendations of the Polish Society of Spine Surgery, the Polish Society of Oncology, the Polish Society of Neurosurgeons, the Polish Society of Oncologic Surgery, the Polish Society of Oncologic Radiotherapy, and the Polish Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:1300-1325. [PMID: 36854861 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of these recommendations is to spread the available evidence for evaluating and managing spinal tumours among clinicians who encounter such entities. METHODS The recommendations were developed by members of the Development Recommendations Group representing seven stakeholder scientific societies and organizations of specialists involved in various forms of care for patients with spinal tumours in Poland. The recommendations are based on data yielded from systematic reviews of the literature identified through electronic database searches. The strength of the recommendations was graded according to the North American Spine Society's grades of recommendation for summaries or reviews of studies. RESULTS The recommendation group developed 89 level A-C recommendations and a supplementary list of institutions able to manage primary malignant spinal tumours, namely, spinal sarcomas, at the expert level. This list, further called an appendix, helps clinicians who encounter spinal tumours refer patients with suspected spinal sarcoma or chordoma for pathological diagnosis, surgery and radiosurgery. The list constitutes a basis of the network of expertise for the management of primary malignant spinal tumours and should be understood as a communication network of specialists involved in the care of primary spinal malignancies. CONCLUSION The developed recommendations together with the national network of expertise should optimize the management of patients with spinal tumours, especially rare malignancies, and optimize their referral and allocation within the Polish national health service system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maciejczak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Szpital Wojewódzki Tarnów, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - R Gasik
- Department of Neuroorthopedics and Neurology, National Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Kotrych
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - P Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Antoniak
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Derenda
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Dobiecki
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - R Górski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, John Paul II Western Hospital, Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - L Grzelak
- Department of Neurosurgery, City Hospital, Toruń, Poland
| | - G Guzik
- Department of Oncologic Orthopedics, Sub-Carpathian Oncology Center, Brzozów, Poland
| | - M Harat
- Department of Oncology and Brachytherapy, Oncology Center Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - W Janusz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - P Jarmużek
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - D Łątka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - A Maciejczyk
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - T Mandat
- Department of Nervous System Neoplasms, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Potaczek
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Zakopane, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Rocławski
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ł Trembecki
- Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - R Załuski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Duchnowska R, Sperinde J, Chenna A, Huang W, Weidler J, Winslow J, Haddad M, Paquet A, Lie Y, Trojanowski T, Mandat T, Kowalczyk A, Czartoryska-Arlukowicz B, Radecka B, Jarosz B, Staszkiewicz R, Kalinka-Warzocha E, Chudzik M, Biernat W, Jassem J. Abstract P6-11-07: Quantitative p95HER2 levels in primary breast cancers and in matched brain metastases. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p6-11-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer are at high risk for brain metastases. A large number of HER2-positive tumors also express p95HER2 (p95), a truncated form of HER2 that lacks the trastuzumab binding site but retains kinase activity. Although p95 expression in primary breast tumors is well studied, the prevalence and significance of p95 expression in brain metastases is unknown. In the current study we examined expression of p95 in brain metastases and in matched primary breast tumors.
Methods: Seventy-five pairs of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from matched primary breast cancers and brain metastases were assayed for quantitative p95 protein expression using the p95 VeraTag® assay (Clin Cancer Res, 16:4226, 2010) specific for the M611 form of p95. Sufficient material to obtain p95 data in both primary and matched brain metastasis samples was available in 52 cases. In the remaining 23 cases, a p95 measurement was obtained in either the primary or brain metastasis sample. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status were scored using immunohistochemistry. Hormone receptor positivity was defined as either ER or PR positive. Quantitative HER2 protein expression was measured using the HERmark® assay. Both the p95 VeraTag assay and the HERmark assay measure tumor-averaged protein expression in units of relative fluorescence per mm2 tumor (RF/mm2). Measurements of p95 > 2.8 RF/mm2 and HER2 > 17.8 RF/mm2 were considered as positive results.
Results: There was a net increase in p95 expression in brain metastases relative to the matched primary tumor with a median increase of 1.5-fold (p = 0.001, range 0.2-fold to 35-fold). The increase in p95 expression was only weakly correlated with the increase in quantitative HER2 expression (R2 = 0.18; p = 0.0018). Cases with HERmark-positive tumors were more likely to have the largest (≥ 5-fold) increase in p95 expression compared to those with lower HER2 expression (odds ratio = 6.3; p = 0.018). Changes in p95 levels from primary to brain metastasis were unrelated to hormone receptor status (p = 0.59). P95 positivity in the primary tumor correlated with time from breast cancer diagnosis to first progression (HR = 2.2; p = 0.012) when stratified by hormone receptor status and tumor grade. Although there was a trend towards correlation of p95 positivity in the brain metastasis with time from diagnosis to brain metastasis (HR = 1.7; p = 0.058, stratified as above), p95 positivity did not correlate with overall survival from the time of brain metastasis diagnosis (HR = 1.3; p = 0.42, stratified as above).
Conclusions: This is the first study of quantitative p95 expression in matched primary tumors and brain metastases. Brain metastases of breast cancer show significant increases in p95 protein expression compared to matched primary tumors. These data provide a rationale for future correlative studies on p95 levels in brain metastases.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-11-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Duchnowska
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Sperinde
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Chenna
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Huang
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Weidler
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Winslow
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Haddad
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Paquet
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y Lie
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Trojanowski
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Mandat
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kowalczyk
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Czartoryska-Arlukowicz
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Radecka
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Jarosz
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Staszkiewicz
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Kalinka-Warzocha
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Chudzik
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Biernat
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Jassem
- Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Monogram Biosciences, Integrated Oncology, LabCorp, South San Francisco, CA; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland; Opole Oncology Center, Opole, Poland; Interior Affairs Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland; Regional Oncology Center, Lodz, Poland; Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Duchnowska R, Jassem J, Shen C, Thorat M, Li L, Morimiya A, Zhao Q, Biernat W, Mandat T, Staszkiewicz R, Och W, Szostak W, Gugala K, Trojanowski T, Czartoryska-Arlukowicz B, Szczylik C, Nakshatri H, Steeg P, Sledge G, Badve S. Molecular characteristics of matched brain metastasis (BM) versus the primary breast cancer (PBC). Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #2028
Background: Brain is increasingly a site of relapse in breast cancer patients, however the molecular patho-physiology of this process is not well understood. Using a novel assay allowing high-throughput analysis of gene expression from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPET) tumor samples, we compared molecular characteristics of BM with those of the PBC in a series of breast cancer patients who underwent excision of brain metastasis.
 Methods: In each patient we performed molecular analysis of paired archived FFPET specimens from both the PBC and excised BM. Of the 37 pairs of PBC/BM samples, 24 pairs had sufficient pathology material for molecular analysis. Patient characteristics: mean age at PBC diagnosis was 46.7 years (range 27-67 years); 7 (29%) ER+, 17 (71%) ER-, 12 (50%) HER2-positive(3+). We performed cDNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension and ligation (DASL) assay (Illumina Corp) for expression of 502 known cancer genes, using 200 ng RNA. Statistical analysis for microarrays (SAM) accounting for the pairing of the primary and metastasized tumors was used to identify differentially expressed genes while controlling the false discovery rate (FDR <0.01). BeadStudio™ Absolute correlation clustering was used to cluster samples based on their expression profiles.
 Results: In only 7 (29%) cases matched PBC and BM pair clustered together on unsupervised hierarchical clustering, the pairs in remaining cases clustered apart. Comparison of the two groups (PBC and BM) showed that 41 genes were up regulated in BM, including proliferation genes (CDC2, CDC25a, CCNA2 and E2F family), anti-apoptotic (BIRC5), DNA repair (RAD51, -54b, XRCC2, BRCA2, BARD1, TOP1), angiogenesis (VEGF), and development of drug resistance (ABCB1, -G2). In contrast, the 43 genes that were down regulated in BM included those associated with invasion (MMP2, -3, -14), cellular motility, and epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (CDH11). Additional analysis to validate these trends and to identify potential therapeutic targets is underway.
 Conclusions: Although some BM retain remarkable similarity to the PBC, majority exhibit considerable deviation in their gene expression profile. These “adaptive” changes include greater resistance to drug therapy, increased DNA repair, a reversal back to the epithelial phenotype and decreased capacity for cell motility and invasion.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2028.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Duchnowska
- 1 Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Jassem
- 2 Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - C Shen
- 2 Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Thorat
- 3 Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - L Li
- 3 Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | | | - Q Zhao
- 3 Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - W Biernat
- 2 Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Mandat
- 1 Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - W Och
- 4 General Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - K Gugala
- 4 General Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | | | - C Szczylik
- 1 Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - P Steeg
- 7 National Cancer Institute, Bethesda
| | - G Sledge
- 3 Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - S Badve
- 3 Indiana University, Indianapolis
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