1
|
Bae SJ, Lee WY, Bak SB, Lee SJ, Hwang SJ, Kim GW, Koo BS, Park SD, Yoo HH, Kim CO, Kang HW, Oh TW, Kim YW. Antioxidant Efficacy of Hwangryunhaedok-tang through Nrf2 and AMPK Signaling Pathway against Neurological Disorders In Vivo and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2313. [PMID: 38396988 PMCID: PMC10889506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a representative cause of dementia and is caused by neuronal loss, leading to the accumulation of aberrant neuritic plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Oxidative stress is involved in the impaired clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ), and Aβ-induced oxidative stress causes AD by inducing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HHT, Kracie K-09®), a traditional herbal medicine prescription, has shown therapeutic effects on various diseases. However, the studies of HHT as a potential treatment for AD are insufficient. Therefore, our study identified the neurological effects and mechanisms of HHT and its key bioactive compounds against Alzheimer's disease in vivo and in vitro. In a 5xFAD mouse model, our study confirmed that HHT attenuated cognitive impairments in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and passive avoidance (PA) test. In addition, the prevention of neuron impairment, reduction in the protein levels of Aβ, and inhibition of cell apoptosis were confirmed with brain tissue staining. In HT-22 cells, HHT attenuates tBHP-induced cytotoxicity, ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. It was verified that HHT exerts a neuroprotective effect by activating signaling pathways interacting with Nrf2, such as MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, and LKB1/AMPK. Among the components, baicalein, a bioavailable compound of HHT, exhibited neuroprotective properties and activated the Akt, AMPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Our findings indicate a mechanism for HHT and its major bioavailable compounds to treat and prevent AD and suggest its potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Bae
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Yung Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seon Been Bak
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| | - Seung Jin Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| | - Su-Jin Hwang
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| | - Sun-Dong Park
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| | - Hye-Hyun Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 1558, Republic of Korea;
| | - Choon-Ok Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Trials Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung Won Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.B.); (W.-Y.L.); (S.B.B.); (S.J.L.); (G.-W.K.); (B.-S.K.); (S.-D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hong E, Lim K, Oh TW, Jang H. Author Correction: Lightweight image steganalysis with block-wise pruning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17300. [PMID: 37828113 PMCID: PMC10570265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eungi Hong
- Department of Computer Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - KyungTae Lim
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Oh
- The Affiliated Institute of ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneol Jang
- Department of Computer Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong E, Lim K, Oh TW, Jang H. Lightweight image steganalysis with block-wise pruning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16148. [PMID: 37752169 PMCID: PMC10522667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Image steganalysis is the task of detecting a secret message hidden in an image. Deep steganalysis using end-to-end deep learning has been successful in recent years, but previous studies focused on improving detection performance rather than designing a lightweight model for practical applications. This caused a deep steganalysis model to be heavy and computationally costly, making the model infeasible to deploy in real-world applications. To address this issue, we study an effective model design strategy for lightweight image steganalysis. Considering the domain-specific characteristics of steganalysis, we propose a simple yet effective block removal strategy that progressively removes a sequence of blocks from deep classification networks. This method involves the gradual removal of convolutional neural network blocks, starting from deeper ones. By doing so, the number of parameters and FLOPs are decreased without compromising the detection performance. Experimental results show that our removal strategy makes the EfficientNet-B0 variants 9.58 [Formula: see text] smaller and has 2.16 [Formula: see text] fewer FLOPs than the baseline while retaining detection accuracy of 90.73% and 82.40% that are on par with the baseline on BOSSBase and ALASKA#2 datasets, respectively. Backed by our in-depth analyses, the results indicate that only a few early layers are sufficient for effective image steganalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eungi Hong
- Department of Computer Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - KyungTae Lim
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Oh
- The Affiliated Institute of ETRI, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneol Jang
- Department of Computer Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim KY, Oh TW, Yang HJ, Kim YW, Ma JY, Park KI. Ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich induces autophagy and apoptosis in mouse colon cancer cells through the regulation of reactive oxygen species. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:274. [PMID: 31638961 PMCID: PMC6805551 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent research has suggested that autophagy can provide a better mechanism for inducing cell death than current therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the effects of using an ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich (ECZ) to induce apoptosis and autophagy associated with reliable signal pathways in mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells. Methods Using ECZ on mouse colon cancer CT-26 cells, cell viability, annexin V/propidium iodide staining, acridine orange staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and western blotting were assayed. Results ECZ exhibited cytotoxicity in CT-26 cells in a dose-dependent manner. ECZ induced apoptosis was confirmed by caspase-3 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, it was shown that ECZ induced autophagy via the increased conversion of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3II, the degradation of p62, and the formation of acidic vesicular organelles. The inhibition of ROS production by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine resulted in reduced ECZ-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, the inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine resulted in enhanced ECZ-induced apoptosis via increased ROS generation. Conclusion These findings confirmed that ECZ induced ROS-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Therefore, ECZ may serve as a novel potential chemotherapeutic candidate for colon cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Oh TW, Park KH, Lee MY, Choi GY, Park YK. Effects of the water extract from Achyranthis Radix on serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and transient cerebral middle artery occlusion-induced ischemic brains of rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.6116/kjh.2012.27.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Nakajima D, Kim CS, Oh TW, Yang CY, Naka T, Igawa S, Ohta F. Suppressive effects of genistein dosage and resistance exercise on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci 2001; 20:285-91. [PMID: 11759267 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.20.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether combined treatments with genistein dosage and moderate resistance exercise would exhibit synergistically preventive effects on bone loss following the onset of menopause. Forty-one 12 wk-old female SD rats were assigned to five groups: 1) Sham operated (Sham); 2) ovariectomized (OVX-Cont); 3) OVX received genistein (OVX-GEN); 4) OVX exercised (OVX-EXE); and 5) OVX treated with both genistein and exercise (OVX-GEN-EXE). All rats were fed a low Ca (0.1%) diet ad libitum. Daily genistein dosage was 12 mg/kg body weight. Exercising rats took 40 sets of 1-min run interspersed with 1-min rest with a 100 g weight on the back on an uphill treadmill at 20 m/min. The experimental duration consisted of the adaptation and treatment periods of 4 weeks each. Uterine weight in OVX-Cont, OVX-GEN, OVX-EXE and OVX-GEN-EXE decreased to about 15% of that in Sham (p < 0.001). The femoral BMD (mg/cm2; mean +/- SE), assessed by DEXA (Lunar), of OVX-Cont was significantly lowered to 206 +/- 5 by -9%, as compared to 226 +/- 2 of Sham (p < 0.001). The BMD of OVX-GEN, OVX-EXE and OVX-GEN-EXE were 217 +/- 2, 217 +/- 2 and 222 +/- 2, respectively, and genistein dosage and resistance exercise equally increased the BMD of OVX rats by 5% (p < 0.01). Combined treatment of genistein and exercise more successfully recovered their decreased BMD by 8% (p < 0.001). BMD of the fourth lumbar vertebrae in OVX-Cont was declined to 191 +/- 7 by -15%, as compared to 225 +/- 4 in Sham (p < 0.001). OVX-EXE and OVX-GEN-EXE gained the BMD by 6% to 205 +/- 4 and 203 +/- 3, respectively, as compared to that of OVX-Cont (p < 0.01). These results suggest the possibility that the combined treatment of genistein dosage and resistance exercise have more beneficial effects by acting rather independently than their separate trials on the prevention of ovx-induced bone loss in femurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Nakajima
- Department of Sports Sciences, School of Human Sciences, Waseda University.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim CS, Nakajima D, Yang CY, Oh TW, Igawa S, Miyazaki M, Fukuoka H, Ohta F. Prolonged swimming exercise training induce hypophosphatemic osteopenia in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci 2000; 19:271-7. [PMID: 11204874 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.19.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) induce spontaneous osteoporosis. To elucidate the specific characteristics of bone metabolism, the SHRSP was compared with age matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. We investigated the effects of prolonged swimming exercise training on bone mineral density (BMD) and metabolism in the SHRSP. Seven-week-old male SHRSP and WKY were divided into three groups; the sedentary control WKY group (n = 6, WKY), the sedentary control SHRSP group (n = 6, SP) and the swimming exercise training SHRSP group (n = 6, SWIM) (in pool with 60 min./day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks). The femoral BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), strength, Ca and P contents (%) of SHRSP were approximately 17, 27, 25, 20 and 9%, respectively, lower than that of WKY (p < 0.001). Serum alkaline phosphatase (AlP) had not changed between both of SP and WKY, but tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TrAcP) of SP approximately 3-fold higher than that of WKY (p < 0.05). Both serum calcium (Ca) and intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) were similar between SP and WKY. However, serum phosphate (P) of SP was approximately 18% lower than that of WKY (N.S.). These results suggested that SHRSP induces osteopenia by the bone turnover of the promoted osteoclast activity with disturbed phosphate homeostasis. On the other hand, the femoral BMD and strength were approximately 7% and 20%, respectively, decreased in the SWIM (p < 0.001), and femoral bone Ca and P contents (%) were also approximately 11% and 14%, respectively, lower than that of SP (p < 0.001). There were no significant difference between SWIM and SP on serum Ca, but serum P of SWIM was significantly lower than that of SP (p < 0.05). These results suggested that the prolonged swimming exercise training in the SHRSP induces more cruelly hypophosphatemia, and leading to osteopenia eventually. We conclude that SHRSP induces osteopenia with disturbance of phosphate homeostasis, and the prolonged swimming exercise in the SHRSP might deteriorate hypophosphatemia and osteopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Kim
- Department of Sports Sciences, School of Human Sciences, Waseda University.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|