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Lavkor I, Ay T, Sobucovali S, Var I, Saghrouchni H, Salamatullah AM, Mekonnen AB. Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: A Promising Biological Control Agent against Aflatoxin Contamination of Corn. ACS Omega 2023; 8:16779-16788. [PMID: 37214674 PMCID: PMC10193414 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are a family of mycotoxins produced by molds in agricultural products. To deal with this problem, one of the control methods is the biological solution using a non-pathogenic strain Aspergillus flavus NRRL 21882 (Afla-Guard). This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of A. flavus NRRL 21882 to control the AF contamination of corn in the field and during storage in 2018 and 2019. The experimental design consists of treatment at different vegetative stages of infested corn in the field trial. After the field has been harvested, half the corn kernels from both treated and control plots were treated with biopesticide; the other half of the kernels from each group were not treated and used as the control of the storage. Consequently, storage applications consisted of kernels: (1) not treated at all; (2) treated prior to storage; (3) field-treated; and (4) treated both in the field and prior to storage. After field trials, the AF content was very low in the treated plots, ranging from 0.50 to 1.04 μg/kg and from 0.50 to 0.73 μg/kg in 2018 and 2019, respectively, while the AF content in the control was 98.3 and 73.9 μg/kg in 2018 and 2019, respectively. After storage, corn kernels from field plots that were treated with the biopesticide (treated/control) showed low levels of AFs, even after they have been stored under conditions conducive to AF contamination. The biopesticide effect ranged from 98 to 99% and from 69 to 99% in the field and during storage, respectively. This paper has provided the first indications on AF biocontrol based on a competitive exclusion in the corn-growing region of Turkey. The data showed that spraying during the storage period did not provide any further prevention of AF contamination, and only treatment in the field had a significant effect on AFs that occurred in storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isilay Lavkor
- Biological
Control Research Institute, Kisla Cad., 01321 Yüregir, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Tahsin Ay
- Biological
Control Research Institute, Kisla Cad., 01321 Yüregir, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Suat Sobucovali
- Sunar
Mısır Entegre Tesisleri San. ve Tic. A.Ş, Turhan
Cemal Beriker Blv. Yolgeçen mh., Seyhan, 565 01355 Adana, Türkiye
| | - Isil Var
- Molecular
Biology Department, Sussex University, BN1 9RH Brighton, U.K.
| | - Hamza Saghrouchni
- Department
of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, Balcalı, 01250 Adana, Türkiye
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department
of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural
Sciences, King Saud University, 11 P.O. Box 2460, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Saghrouchni H, Barnossi AE, Mssillou I, Lavkor I, Ay T, Kara M, Alarfaj AA, Hirad AH, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M, Var I. Potential of carvacrol as plant growth-promotor and green fungicide against fusarium wilt disease of perennial ryegrass. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:973207. [PMID: 36866385 PMCID: PMC9973378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.973207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a valuable forage and soil stabilisation crop. Perennial crops have long been associated with good environmental performance and ecosystem stability. Vascular wilt diseases caused by Fusarium species are the most damaging plant diseases affecting both woody perennials and annual crops. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the assessment of the preventive and growth-promoting effects of carvacrol against Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, and F. nivale (phylogenetically analyzed on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions) causing vascular wilt of ryegrass in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. To accomplish this aim, various parameters were monitored including coleoptile development, rhizogenesis, the incidence of coleoptile lesions, disease index, the visual appearance of ryegrass health, ryegrass organic matter and soil fungal load. The results obtained showed that F. nivale was highly harmful to ryegrass seedlings compared to other Fusarium species. Furthermore, carvacrol with 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL protected significantly the seedlings against Fusarium wilt diseases both in vitro and in the greenhouse. Simultaneously, carvacrol also functioned as a seedling growth promoter, as is reflected in all monitored parameters, such as the recovery of seedling height and root length, and the development of new leaf buds and secondary roots. Carvacrol proved to be effective plant growth promoter and a bio-fungicide against Fusarium vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Saghrouchni
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Azeddin El Barnossi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ibrahim Mssillou
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Isilay Lavkor
- Mycology unit Biological Control Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Tahsin Ay
- Mycology unit Biological Control Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Mohammed Kara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdullah A. Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Chemisty and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Isil Var
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
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Ay T, Havaux X, Van Camp G, Campanelli B, Gisellu G, Pasquet A, Denef JF, Melin JA, Vanoverschelde JL. Destruction of contrast microbubbles by ultrasound: effects on myocardial function, coronary perfusion pressure, and microvascular integrity. Circulation 2001; 104:461-6. [PMID: 11468210 DOI: 10.1161/hc3001.092038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent experimental data indicate that ultrasound-induced destruction of ultrasound contrast microbubbles can cause immediate rupture of the microvessels in which these microbubbles are located. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the functional and morphological significance of these findings in the heart, isolated rabbit hearts were perfused retrogradely with buffer containing ultrasound contrast agents and were insolated at increasing levels of acoustic energy with a broadband transducer emitting at 1.8 MHz and receiving at 3.6 MHz and operated in the triggered mode (1 Hz). At the end of each experiment, the hearts were fixed in glutaraldehyde and examined with light microscopy. Neither exposure to ultrasound alone or to contrast alone affected left ventricular developed pressure. By contrast, simultaneous exposure to contrast and ultrasound resulted in a reversible, transient mechanical index (MI)-dependent decrease in left ventricular developed pressure (to 83+/-5% of baseline at an MI of 1.6) and a transient MI-dependent increase in coronary perfusion pressure (to 120+/-6% of baseline at an MI of 1.6). Myocardial lactate release also showed significant increases with increasing MIs. Macroscopically, areas of intramural hemorrhage were identified over the beam elevation in hearts exposed to both contrast and high-MI ultrasound. Light microscopy revealed the presence of capillary ruptures, erythrocyte extravasation, and endothelial cell damage. The mean percentage of capillaries ruptured at an MI of 1.6 was 3.6+/-1.4%. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous exposure of isolated rabbit hearts to ultrasound and contrast agents results in an MI-dependent, transient depression of left ventricular contractile function, a rise in coronary perfusion pressure, an increase in lactate production, and limited capillary ruptures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ay
- Division of Cardiology, Université Catholique de Louvain, School of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
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