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Onlamun T, Boonthavee A, Brooks S. Diversity and Advantages of Culturable Endophytic Fungi from Tea ( Camellia sinensis). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1191. [PMID: 38132791 PMCID: PMC10744531 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Eurotioycetes are three classes of endophytes that colocalize with tea (Camellia sinensis). Overall, the diversity indexes in this study indicated a greater abundance of fungal endophytes in roots and stems. Taking the production system into account, conventional tea plantations exhibit lower diversity compared to organic tea plantations. Notably, the influence of agrochemicals had the largest impact on the fungal endophyte communities within roots and young leaves. Despite the limited fungal diversity in conventional plantations, three fungal endophytes were isolated from tea in this culture system: Diaporthe sp., YI-005; Diaporthe sp., SI-007; and Eurotium sp., RI-008. These isolated endophytes exhibited high antagonistic activity (93.00-97.00% inhibition of hypha growth) against Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, the causal agent of gummy stem blight disease. On the other hand, endophytic fungi isolated from tea in an organic system-Pleosporales sp., SO-006 and Pleosporales sp., RO-013-established the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; 0.65 ± 0.06 µg/mL) and assist the solubilizing phosphorus (5.17 ± 1.03 µg/mL) from the soil, respectively. This suggested that the level of diversity, whether at the tissue level or within the farming system, did not directly correlate with the discovery of beneficial fungi. More importantly, these beneficial fungi showed the potential to develop into biological agents to control the devastating diseases in the cucurbit family and the potential for use as biofertilizers with a wide range of applications in plants. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are no restrictions limiting the use of fungal endophytes solely to the plant host from which they were originally isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyarat Onlamun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology (Plant), Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | | | - Siraprapa Brooks
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
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Saghrouchni H, Barnossi AE, Mssillou I, Lavkor I, Ay T, Kara M, Alarfaj AA, Hirad AH, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M, Var I. Potential of carvacrol as plant growth-promotor and green fungicide against fusarium wilt disease of perennial ryegrass. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:973207. [PMID: 36866385 PMCID: PMC9973378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.973207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a valuable forage and soil stabilisation crop. Perennial crops have long been associated with good environmental performance and ecosystem stability. Vascular wilt diseases caused by Fusarium species are the most damaging plant diseases affecting both woody perennials and annual crops. Therefore, the aim of the present study was the assessment of the preventive and growth-promoting effects of carvacrol against Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, and F. nivale (phylogenetically analyzed on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions) causing vascular wilt of ryegrass in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. To accomplish this aim, various parameters were monitored including coleoptile development, rhizogenesis, the incidence of coleoptile lesions, disease index, the visual appearance of ryegrass health, ryegrass organic matter and soil fungal load. The results obtained showed that F. nivale was highly harmful to ryegrass seedlings compared to other Fusarium species. Furthermore, carvacrol with 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL protected significantly the seedlings against Fusarium wilt diseases both in vitro and in the greenhouse. Simultaneously, carvacrol also functioned as a seedling growth promoter, as is reflected in all monitored parameters, such as the recovery of seedling height and root length, and the development of new leaf buds and secondary roots. Carvacrol proved to be effective plant growth promoter and a bio-fungicide against Fusarium vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Saghrouchni
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Azeddin El Barnossi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ibrahim Mssillou
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Isilay Lavkor
- Mycology unit Biological Control Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Tahsin Ay
- Mycology unit Biological Control Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Mohammed Kara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Abdullah A. Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Chemisty and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Isil Var
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Çukurova University, Adana, Türkiye
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