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Tran TT, Mathmann CD, Gatica-Andrades M, Rollo RF, Oelker M, Ljungberg JK, Nguyen TTK, Zamoshnikova A, Kummari LK, Wyer OJK, Irvine KM, Melo-Bolívar J, Gross A, Brown D, Mak JYW, Fairlie DP, Hansford KA, Cooper MA, Giri R, Schreiber V, Joseph SR, Simpson F, Barnett TC, Johansson J, Dankers W, Harris J, Wells TJ, Kapetanovic R, Sweet MJ, Latomanski EA, Newton HJ, Guérillot RJR, Hachani A, Stinear TP, Ong SY, Chandran Y, Hartland EL, Kobe B, Stow JL, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Begun J, Kling JC, Blumenthal A. Inhibition of the master regulator of Listeria monocytogenes virulence enables bacterial clearance from spacious replication vacuoles in infected macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010166. [PMID: 35007292 PMCID: PMC8746789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes pathogenesis is bacterial escape from maturing entry vacuoles, which is required for rapid bacterial replication in the host cell cytoplasm and cell-to-cell spread. The bacterial transcriptional activator PrfA controls expression of key virulence factors that enable exploitation of this intracellular niche. The transcriptional activity of PrfA within infected host cells is controlled by allosteric coactivation. Inhibitory occupation of the coactivator site has been shown to impair PrfA functions, but consequences of PrfA inhibition for L. monocytogenes infection and pathogenesis are unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of PrfA with a small molecule inhibitor occupying the coactivator site at 2.0 Å resolution. Using molecular imaging and infection studies in macrophages, we demonstrate that PrfA inhibition prevents the vacuolar escape of L. monocytogenes and enables extensive bacterial replication inside spacious vacuoles. In contrast to previously described spacious Listeria-containing vacuoles, which have been implicated in supporting chronic infection, PrfA inhibition facilitated progressive clearance of intracellular L. monocytogenes from spacious vacuoles through lysosomal degradation. Thus, inhibitory occupation of the PrfA coactivator site facilitates formation of a transient intravacuolar L. monocytogenes replication niche that licenses macrophages to effectively eliminate intracellular bacteria. Our findings encourage further exploration of PrfA as a potential target for antimicrobials and highlight that intra-vacuolar residence of L. monocytogenes in macrophages is not inevitably tied to bacterial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Thanh Tran
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Rachel F. Rollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Tam T. K. Nguyen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Lalith K. Kummari
- The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Orry J. K. Wyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katharine M. Irvine
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Annette Gross
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Darren Brown
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Y. W. Mak
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karl A. Hansford
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rabina Giri
- Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Veronika Schreiber
- Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shannon R. Joseph
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy C. Barnett
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Wendy Dankers
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - James Harris
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eleanor A. Latomanski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hayley J. Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Romain J. R. Guérillot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sze Ying Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yogeswari Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Hartland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jakob Begun
- Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jessica C. Kling
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Kling JC, Jordan MA, Pitt LA, Meiners J, Thanh-Tran T, Tran LS, Nguyen TTK, Mittal D, Villani R, Steptoe RJ, Khosrotehrani K, Berzins SP, Baxter AG, Godfrey DI, Blumenthal A. Temporal Regulation of Natural Killer T Cell Interferon Gamma Responses by β-Catenin-Dependent and -Independent Wnt Signaling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:483. [PMID: 29616022 PMCID: PMC5864864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are prominent innate-like lymphocytes in the liver with critical roles in immune responses during infection, cancer, and autoimmunity. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-4 are key cytokines rapidly produced by NKT cells upon recognition of glycolipid antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). It has previously been reported that the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin regulates NKT cell differentiation and functionally biases NKT cell responses toward IL-4, at the expense of IFN-γ production. β-Catenin is not only a central effector of Wnt signaling but also contributes to other signaling networks. It is currently unknown whether Wnt ligands regulate NKT cell functions. We thus investigated how Wnt ligands and β-catenin activity shape liver NKT cell functions in vivo in response to the glycolipid antigen, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) using a mouse model. Pharmacologic targeting of β-catenin activity with ICG001, as well as myeloid-specific genetic ablation of Wntless (Wls), to specifically target Wnt protein release by APCs, enhanced early IFN-γ responses. By contrast, within several hours of α-GalCer challenge, myeloid-specific Wls deficiency, as well as pharmacologic targeting of Wnt release using the small molecule inhibitor IWP-2 impaired α-GalCer-induced IFN-γ responses, independent of β-catenin activity. These data suggest that myeloid cell-derived Wnt ligands drive early Wnt/β-catenin signaling that curbs IFN-γ responses, but that, subsequently, Wnt ligands sustain IFN-γ expression independent of β-catenin activity. Our analyses in ICG001-treated mice confirmed a role for β-catenin activity in driving early IL-4 responses by liver NKT cells. However, neither pharmacologic nor genetic perturbation of Wnt production affected the IL-4 response, suggesting that IL-4 production by NKT cells in response to α-GalCer is not driven by released Wnt ligands. Collectively, these data reveal complex temporal roles of Wnt ligands and β-catenin signaling in the regulation of liver NKT cell activation, and highlight Wnt-dependent and -independent contributions of β-catenin to NKT cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Kling
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Margaret A Jordan
- Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Lauren A Pitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jana Meiners
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thao Thanh-Tran
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Le Son Tran
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tam T K Nguyen
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Deepak Mittal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rehan Villani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart P Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute; and Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan G Baxter
- Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Yu CH, Nguyen TTK, Irvine KM, Sweet MJ, Frazer IH, Blumenthal A. Recombinant Wnt3a and Wnt5a elicit macrophage cytokine production and tolerization to microbial stimulation via Toll-like receptor 4. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1480-90. [PMID: 24643512 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies address the roles of Wnt proteins in shaping leukocyte functions. Recombinant Wnt3a and Wnt5a, prototypical activators of β-Catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt signaling, respectively, are widely used to investigate the effects of Wnt proteins on myeloid cell functions. Recent reports describe both proinflammatory and immunemodulatory effects of Wnt3a and Wnt5a on macrophages, DCs, and microglia. The underlying molecular mechanisms for this divergence are unclear. We show here that recombinant Wnt3a- and Wnt5a-induced cytokine production from murine C57BL/6 macrophages was dependent on TLR4 and inhibited by Polymyxin B. Similarly, impairment of TLR-induced cytokine production upon preexposure to Wnt proteins was TLR4 dependent. The extent of Wnt3a- and Wnt5a-induced inflammatory gene expression greatly varied between Wnt protein lots. We conclude that cytokine responses and TLR tolerization induced by recombinant Wnt proteins are likely explained by contaminating TLR4 agonists, although we cannot fully exclude that Wnt proteins have an intrinsic capacity to signal via TLR4. This study emphasizes the need for careful, independent verification of Wnt-mediated cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiung Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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