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Symons T, Woollett A, Zalcberg J, Eckstein L. Implementing Decentralized Clinical Trials in Australia through Teletrials: Where to From Here? Ther Innov Regul Sci 2024:10.1007/s43441-024-00658-x. [PMID: 38683418 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-024-00658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Implementation of decentralized approaches can improve access to clinical trials. The Australian government has focused on a teletrial model, which resources and upskills health care organisations to enable collaboration in trials to extend to rural and remote areas. This commentary describes the Australian teletrial model, its context within the established DCT model, its value, and likely challenges moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Symons
- T Symons Associates Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - John Zalcberg
- Cancer Research Program, School of Public Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Symons T, Bowden J, McKenzie A, Fallon-Ferguson JM, Weekes LY, Ansell J, Murphy R, Jesudason S, Saxena M, Nichol A, Straiton N. Development of the Consumer Involvement & Engagement Toolkit: a digital resource to build capacity for undertaking patient-centred clinical trials in Australia. Public Health Res Pract 2023; 33:32122209. [PMID: 35661863 DOI: 10.17061/phrp32122209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This manuscript describes the novel approach to developing a toolkit to support meaningful consumer involvement in clinical trials in Australia to help guide others in considering the development of similar resources.The toolkit aims to support greater consumer involvement in shaping how clinical research is prioritised, designed and conducted. Type of program or service: A working group of researchers, research organisations and consumers was established to co-develop the Consumer Involvement and Engagement Toolkit (the 'Toolkit'), a digital resource to guide researchers and organisations regarding consumer involvement in clinical trials. FINDINGS A literature review and international scan of best practice revealed numerous resources outlining best practice for consumer involvement in clinical research and clear evidence of its impact and value. Through a novel content-sharing process, we were able to utilise these resources to develop a comprehensive Toolkit for researchers and research organisations that provides world-class guidance. LESSONS LEARNT There is a growing movement to ensure consumer involvement in healthcare, including in clinical research. We discovered its proponents were willing to share their tools and resources to promote international consumer involvement. Although these international tools and resources needed adaptation to suit the Australian research environment, this was achievable with far less effort than developing them from scratch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leanne Y Weekes
- Clinical Trials: Impact & Quality (CT:IQ), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James Ansell
- Consumer Health Forum of Australia, Canberra, ACT
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Manoj Saxena
- Bankstown Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair Nichol
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre, St Vincents University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Straiton
- Australian Clinical Trials Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Clinical Research Centre, St Vincents University Hospital
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Symons T, Davis JS. Creating concise and readable patient information sheets for interventional studies in Australia: are we there yet? Trials 2022; 23:794. [PMID: 36131293 PMCID: PMC9490706 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Participant information sheets and consent forms (PICFs) used in interventional studies are often criticised for being hard to read and understand. We assessed the readability and its correlates of a broad range of Australian PICFs. Methods We analysed the participant information sheet portion of 248 PICFs. Readability scores were measured using three formulae: the Flesch Reading Ease, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). We investigated how various features (including sponsor type and PICF type) correlated with PICF length and readability and examined compliance with other measures known to improve readability. Results For a sample of 248 PICFs, the mean (standard deviation) Flesch Reading Ease score was 49.3 (5.7) and for the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 11.4 (1.1). The mean (SD) SMOG score was 13.2 (0.9). The median document length was 3848 words (8 pages). Commercial PICFs were more than twice as long as non-commercial, but statistically more readable (p = 0.03) when analysed using the SMOG formula. Subgroup analyses indicated that PICFs for self-consenters were statistically more readable than those for proxy consenters. The use of tables, but not the use of illustrations was associated with better readability scores. Conclusions The PICFs in our sample are long and complex, and only 3 of the 248 achieved the recommended readability score of grade 8 or below. The broader use of best practice principles for writing health information for consumers and the development of more context-sensitive templates could improve their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Symons
- Department of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua S Davis
- Menzies School of Health Research, and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia.
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Briffa T, Symons T, Zeps N, Straiton N, Tarnow-Mordi WO, Simes J, Harris IA, Cruz M, Webb SA, Litton E, Nichol A, Williams CM. Normalising comparative effectiveness trials as clinical practice. Trials 2021; 22:620. [PMID: 34526083 PMCID: PMC8442385 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of high-quality evidence underpinning many contemporary clinical practice guidelines embedded in the healthcare systems, leading to treatment uncertainty and practice variation in most medical disciplines. Comparative effectiveness trials (CETs) represent a diverse range of research that focuses on optimising health outcomes by comparing currently approved interventions to generate high-quality evidence to inform decision makers. Yet, despite their ability to produce real-world evidence that addresses the key priorities of patients and health systems, many implementation challenges exist within the healthcare environment. This manuscript aims to highlight common barriers to conducting CETs and describes potential solutions to normalise their conduct as part of a learning healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Briffa
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tanya Symons
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Nicola Straiton
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Australian Clinical Trials Alliance, Suite 1, Level 2, 24 Albert Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3205, Australia.
| | | | - John Simes
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian A Harris
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melinda Cruz
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Edward Litton
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Symons T, Zalcberg J, Morris J. Making the move to a learning healthcare system: has the pandemic brought us one step closer? AUST HEALTH REV 2021; 45:AH21076. [PMID: 34289930 DOI: 10.1071/ah21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The notion of a learning healthcare system (LHS) is gaining traction to advance the objectives of high-quality patient-centred care. Within such a system, real-world data analysis, clinical research and health service research are core activities of the health system. To support the transition to an LHS, the Australian Government is implementing the National Clinical Trials Governance Framework, which extends health service accreditation standards to the conduct of clinical trials. This initiative encourages the integration of clinical trials into clinical care and the fostering of a culture of continuous improvement. However, implementing this initiative may prove challenging if health system leaders, clinicians and patients fail to recognise the value of clinical trials as a core health system activity. In this article we describe the enduring value of clinical trials and how the COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced their value by addressing longstanding deficiencies in the way trials are conducted. We also summarise best-practice advice on the embedding of trials into routine health care to enable their integration into health system operations. What is known about this topic? Many healthcare organisations seek to transition to a learning health system. In Australia, National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards, which support the embedding of clinical trials as a core health system activity, have been implemented to catalyse the move. What does this paper add? Because there is little practical advice on how to embed clinical trials into health system operations, this paper summarises best practice. It also provides a rationale for embedding trials as a core health system activity, because the creation of a strong research culture is an important determinant of success. What are the implications for practitioners? The successful transition to an LHS would significantly advance the goals of value-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Symons
- Department of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; and Corresponding author
| | - John Zalcberg
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3800, Australia
| | - Jonathan Morris
- The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Women and Babies Research, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
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Higham V, Deal NDS, Chan YK, Chanin C, Davine E, Gibbings G, Keating R, Kennedy M, Reilly N, Symons T, Vran K, Chapple DG. Traffic noise drives an immediate increase in call pitch in an urban frog. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Higham
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - N. D. S. Deal
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Y. K. Chan
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - C. Chanin
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - E. Davine
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - G. Gibbings
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - R. Keating
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - M. Kennedy
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - N. Reilly
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - T. Symons
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - K. Vran
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - D. G. Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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Straiton N, McKenzie A, Bowden J, Nichol A, Murphy R, Snelling T, Zalcberg J, Clements J, Stubbs J, Economides A, Kent D, Ansell J, Symons T. Facing the Ethical Challenges: Consumer Involvement in COVID-19 Pandemic Research. J Bioeth Inq 2020; 17:743-748. [PMID: 33169265 PMCID: PMC7651817 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Consumer involvement in clinical research is an essential component of a comprehensive response during emergent health challenges. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the moderation of research policies and regulation to facilitate research may raise ethical issues. Meaningful, diverse consumer involvement can help to identify practical approaches to prioritize, design, and conduct rapidly developed clinical research amid current events. Consumer involvement might also elucidate the acceptability of flexible ethics review approaches that aim to protect participants whilst being sensitive to the challenging context in which research is taking place. This article describes the main ethical challenges arising from pandemic research and how involving consumers and the community could enable resolution of such issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Straiton
- Australian Clinical Trials Alliance, Suite 1, Level 2, 24 Albert Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3205, Australia.
| | - A McKenzie
- Telethon Kids Institute, Consumer Engagement, Perth, Australia
| | | | - A Nichol
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Murphy
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Snelling
- University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Zalcberg
- Monash University, Cancer Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Clements
- Australian Clinical Trials Alliance, Consumer Engagement, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Stubbs
- Australian Clinical Trials Alliance, Consumer Engagement, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Economides
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Kent
- Australian Clinical Trials Alliance, Consumer Engagement, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Ansell
- Consumers Health Forum, Canberra, Australia
| | - T Symons
- Australian Clinical Trials Alliance, Consumer Engagement, Melbourne, Australia
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Caruso J, Voor M, Jaggers J, Symons T, Stith J, Bai L, Selimovic E, Carter K, Daily J. Musculoskeletal Outcomes from Chronic High-Speed, High-Impulse Resistance Exercise. Int J Sports Med 2018; 39:791-801. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhile bones and muscles adapt to mechanical loading, it appears that very specific types of stimuli must be applied to achieve osteogenesis. Our study assessed musculoskeletal outcomes to 30 training sessions on an Inertial Exercise Trainer (Newnan, GA). Subjects (n=13) performed workouts with their left leg, while their right served as an untreated control. Workouts entailed three 60-s sets each of knee extension, hip extension and calf press exercises, separated by 90-s rests. Before and after the 30 training sessions, subjects underwent strength tests (knee and ankle extensors of both legs), DEXA scans (hip, knee and ankles of both legs), and blood draws. After 30 training sessions 2×2 ANOVAs showed left leg peak torques rose significantly. 2×2 ANCOVAs, with bone scan area as a covariate, showed significant left leg calcaneal bone mineral content (+29%) and density (+33%) increases after 30 training sessions. A significant decline in C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, a blood marker of bone resorption, also occurred after 30 training sessions. The Inertial Exercise Trainer’s large volume of training session repetitions elicited high peak force, peak acceleration and impulses that likely provided a mechanical loading stimulus that evoked calcaneal accretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Caruso
- Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Michael Voor
- Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Jason Jaggers
- Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - T. Symons
- Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Jeremy Stith
- Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Ling Bai
- Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Ema Selimovic
- Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Kathy Carter
- Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Jennifer Daily
- Family & Geriatric Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
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Symons T, Tocher JH, Tocher DA, Edwards DI. Electrochemical studies of nitroheterocyclic compounds of biological interest. VII. Effect of electrode material. Free Radic Res Commun 1991; 14:33-40. [PMID: 2022344 DOI: 10.3109/10715769109088939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical behaviour of three nitrofuran compounds, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin and furazolidone, has been studied in three solvent types; aprotic, aqueous and mixed, and at four working electrodes. Particular attention has focused on the 1-electron RNO2/RNO2.- couple as measured by the cyclic voltammetric mode. Using Hg in aqueous buffer, reduction of the NO2 group proceeds directly to the hydroxylamine with no intermediate stages being identified. Addition of an aprotic solvent gave a 2-stage reduction, initially forming the RNO2.- species. At all solid electrodes, however, the RNO2/RNO2.- couple was identified under simple aqueous conditions. The switch to a mixed aqueous/aprotic solvent medium produced only minor changes in the response compared with the situation on Hg. This presents the opportunity of using nitrofuran complexes as model systems for the redox behaviour of nitro aromatic compounds in general at solid electrode surfaces where the latters' more negative reduction potentials makes direct study difficult. The conditions have been defined whereby we can examine pH effects and RNO2.- biological target interactions in simple aqueous media to allow the further refinement of the electrolytic model system for studying bio-reducible drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Symons
- Chemotherapy Research Unit, Polytechnic of East London
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