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Ellis SK, Swindle TM. Exploration of an Integrated Active Learning Strategy to Balance Student Workload in a Mixed Level Research Methods Course. MedEdPublish (2016) 2020; 9:269. [PMID: 38058940 PMCID: PMC10697459 DOI: 10.15694/mep.2020.000269.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Team Base Learning (TBL) and Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) are two very distinct active learning and teaching pedagogies, both of which focus on team interactions to facilitate learning. TBL and POGIL literature have both been remiss in addressing their applicability in solving workload imbalance within the team paradigms respective of their individual pedagogy. In this study, we merged integral components of both TBL and POGIL teaching strategies to address perceived imbalance in student workload that were revealed through analysis of initial course evaluations from a mixed level (masters and doctoral level students) Research Methods course. As a result of findings from analyses of initial course evaluations, teams were established based on the integration of TBL and POGIL components in the subsequent course offering.
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Ward WL, Swindle TM, Kyzer AL, Edge N, Sumrall J, Whiteside-Mansell L. Maternal Depression: Relationship to Food Insecurity and Preschooler Fruit/Vegetable Consumption. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 17:E123. [PMID: 31877981 PMCID: PMC6981721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Maternal Depression (MD) has been implicated in the etiology of obesity. The present study investigated MD and both child fruit/vegetable consumption (FVC) and household food insecurity (FI) in an early childhood population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Arkansas, United States, in 26 Head Start centers. Teachers obtained the Family Map (FM), an interview assessment tool used by Head Start staff to identify potential risk factors that affect child learning and development. The FM contains a two-item screener of parent depression-the Patient Health Questionaire-2, two questions about family FI, and two questions about FVC. The FM was completed in 693 households. Chi square analyses and logistic regressions utilizing adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios were utilized to compare differences in risk for children of mothers with no symptoms compared to mothers with low- or high-level depressive symptoms. Results: Children whose mothers had high MD were 2.90 (CI: 1.21-7.00) and 7.81 (CI: 3.71-16.45) times more likely to be at risk for low FVC and FI, respectively, compared to children of mothers with no MD. Similar findings but at lower magnitude were found for mothers with low symptoms of MD in comparison with mothers with no MD-both for Low FVC (1.57 times more likely; CI: 1.01-2.45) and FI (2.14 times more likely; CI: 1.28-3.58). The results presented are Odds Ratios from the multivariable adjusted models. Conclusions: Implications for the etiology of obesity, prevention/intervention efforts, and future research are offered, including recommended addition of maternal depression and household FI screening in early childhood programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L. Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Taren M. Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (T.M.S.); (A.L.K.); (N.E.); (L.W.-M.)
| | - Angela L. Kyzer
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (T.M.S.); (A.L.K.); (N.E.); (L.W.-M.)
| | - Nicola Edge
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (T.M.S.); (A.L.K.); (N.E.); (L.W.-M.)
| | | | - Leanne Whiteside-Mansell
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (T.M.S.); (A.L.K.); (N.E.); (L.W.-M.)
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Swindle TM, Phelps J, Schrick B, Selig J, Hu Z, Kopparapu A, Johnson S. Identifying a Fine Line between Food Insecurity and Food Acquisition Stress: A Mixed Methods Exploration. J Hunger Environ Nutr 2019; 16:45-63. [PMID: 33868533 DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2019.1697407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces the concept of Food Acquisition Stress (FAS), stress associated with food acquisition among those who do not necessarily screen positive for food insecurity.. This study used an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach among a sample of predominantly early childhood educators to develop a 7-item tool for measuring current and retrospective FAS. Using this tool, we identified that 61% of individuals who had FAS did not meet criteria for food insecurity. Capturing FAS, even among those categorized as food secure, has the potential to identify individuals who may need supportive interventions. Future research can explore how FAS is related to health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren M Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Josh Phelps
- College of Health Profession, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Brittney Schrick
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas
| | - James Selig
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Zhuopei Hu
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Anil Kopparapu
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study articulated the negative effects of childhood trauma on adult weight and health. The purpose of the current study is to examine the associations between ACEs in infancy and toddlerhood and obesity and related health indicators in middle childhood. METHODS We used data collected from a sample of low-income families enrolled in the national evaluation of Early Head Start (EHS). Data come from 1335 demographically diverse families collected at or near children's ages 1, 2, 3, and 11. An EHS-ACE index was created based on interview and observation items from data collected at ages 1, 2, and 3, which were averaged to represent exposure across infancy and toddlerhood. At age 11, children's height and weight were measured and parents were asked about their child's health. RESULTS Children were exposed at rates of 30%, 28%, 15%, and 8% to one, two, three, and four or more EHS-ACEs, respectively. Logistic regressions revealed significant associations between EHS-ACEs in infancy/toddlerhood and obesity, respiratory problems, taking regular nonattention-related prescriptions, and the parent's global rating of children's health at age 11. Across all outcomes examined, children with four or more ACEs had the poorest health. Compared with children with no ACE exposure, the odds of each of the examined health outcomes were over twice as high for children who experienced four or more ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight that ACEs experienced very early in development are associated with children whose health is at risk later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M. McKelvey
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Jennifer E. Saccente
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Taren M. Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Whiteside-Mansell L, Swindle TM. Evaluation of Together We Inspire Smart Eating: pre-school fruit and vegetable consumption. Health Educ Res 2019; 34:62-71. [PMID: 30590452 PMCID: PMC6315109 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined nutrition intervention curriculum, Together We Inspire Smart Eating (WISE). WISE is a research-based, nutrition promotion curriculum specifically designed for pre-school children from families with limited resources. The design was non-randomized treatment/control with standardized pre-/post-test assessments. Children (n = 268) in six Head Start centers received weekly food experiences from educators trained in WISE. Children (n = 258) in nine Head Start centers received weekly food experiences structured at the discretion of the educators untrained in WISE. Parents in both conditions (n = 268 WISE classroom, n = 258 comparison) were interviewed by educators twice over the school year using a data collection tool, The Family Map Inventory. Analyses using full information maximum likelihood controlling for pre-intervention consumption and key demographic characteristics was used to predict consumption at post-intervention assessment. Results indicated children in WISE centers consumed healthier food at home than children in non-WISE classrooms. The study suggested that WISE curriculum is an effective method to improve children's diets in at-risk environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Whiteside-Mansell
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, #530, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Taren M Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, #530, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Abstract
Excessive television (TV) viewing by children can lead to negative health and developmental outcomes. Using structural equation modeling, this study tests a conceptual model to understand social and familial factors associated with TV exposure among a sample of 767 Head Start families with children between the ages of 3 and 5 years. Fit statistics suggested that the overall model provided an acceptable fit to the observed data. Specifically, significant structural paths suggest that parents' social support affects child TV exposure. Additionally, lower levels of social support were associated with significantly greater parental stress, which also predicted child TV exposure. Findings suggest that physicians and other team members of the patient-centered medical home may benefit from broad-based interventions that address familial factors to combat excess TV exposure among children. Urging parents to turn off the TV could fail to address the underlying causes of child TV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren M. Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
| | | | - Lorraine McKelvey
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
| | - Leanne Whiteside-Mansell
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
| | - Nicola Conners Edge
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
| | - Shashank Kraleti
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
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Swindle TM, Ward WL, Whiteside-Mansell L. Facebook: The Use of Social Media to Engage Parents in a Preschool Obesity Prevention Curriculum. J Nutr Educ Behav 2018; 50:4-10.e1. [PMID: 29325661 PMCID: PMC5769705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.05.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the use of Facebook to deliver health-related education materials to augment a preschool classroom-based obesity prevention curriculum. DESIGN Cross-sectional, mixed methods (descriptive and interviews). SETTING Head Start classrooms administered by 2 large agencies (1 rural and 1 urban). PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of parents in 13 classrooms (cohort 1, 3 classrooms; cohort 2, 10 classrooms). INTERVENTION Delivery of nutrition education curriculum content using social media (Facebook). VARIABLES MEASURED Qualitative interviews assessed barriers and facilitators to Facebook use. Parent views, likes, and comments were measured to reflect parent engagement with Facebook. ANALYSIS Content analyses (qualitative data) and descriptive statistics (quantitative data). RESULTS Family access (views) and interaction (comments and likes) with the posts varied based on type and content of posts. Rural families were more active. Barriers to parental Facebook engagement included a desire to see more posts from classroom teachers, lack of time, and misunderstanding about privacy protections. Facilitators of parental Facebook engagement included perceived utility of the content and social support. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Facebook was found to be a feasible platform to provide nutrition education and facilitated varying levels of parental engagement. Lessons learned and implications for prevention and intervention programming are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren M Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Wendy L Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.
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Whiteside-Mansell L, Swindle TM. Together We Inspire Smart Eating: A Preschool Curriculum for Obesity Prevention in Low-Income Families. J Nutr Educ Behav 2017; 49:789-792.e1. [PMID: 28669691 PMCID: PMC5632587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.05.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Whiteside-Mansell
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.
| | - Taren M Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Harrist AW, Topham GL, Hubbs-Tait L, Shriver LH, Swindle TM. Psychosocial Factors in Children's Obesity: Examples from an Innovative Line of Inquiry. Child Dev Perspect 2017; 11:275-281. [PMID: 29158774 DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers and policymakers have recognized that obesity in childhood is not simply a medical problem, but is a complex social and psychological phenomenon. Our research team used an interpersonal and intrapersonal risk model to examine the psychosocial aspects of obesity among rural children. In this article, we describe how the global study of children's obesity has broadened over the last 10 to 15 years, and we present our model of interpersonal and intrapersonal risk factors, which includes complex pathways with many psychosocial variables. We then describe a large prospective longitudinal study of children in grades 1 through 4, and highlight findings from five studies guided by this model. This work illustrates opportunities for developmental scientists and practitioners to join transdisciplinary teams to develop more effective prevention and intervention programs for children.
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Swindle TM, Patterson Z, Boden CJ. A Qualitative Application of the Belsky Model to Explore Early Care and Education Teachers' Mealtime History, Beliefs, and Interactions. J Nutr Educ Behav 2017; 49:568-578.e1. [PMID: 28689611 PMCID: PMC5518700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies on factors associated with nutrition practices in early care and education settings often focus on sociodemographic and programmatic characteristics. This qualitative study adapted and applied Belsky's determinants of parenting model to inform a broader exploration of Early Care and Education Teachers (ECETs) practices. DESIGN Qualitative cross-sectional study with ECETs. SETTING The researchers interviewed ECETs in their communities across a Southern state. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sampling was employed to recruit ECETs (n = 28) from Head Start or state-funded centers serving low-income families. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Developmental histories of ECETs regarding food and nutrition, beliefs about child nutrition, and teaching interactions related to food. ANALYSIS Qualitative interviews were coded using a deductive content analysis approach. RESULTS Three distinct interrelationships were observed across the themes. First, rules and routines regarding food and mealtime in the educators' childhood often aligned with educator beliefs and behaviors at meals in their classroom. Second, some ECETs described motivations to leave a healthy food legacy for children in their class. Finally, an experience of food insecurity appeared in narratives that also emphasized making sure children got enough through various strategies. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The influence of ECET developmental histories and their related beliefs can be addressed through professional development and ongoing support. Future study should quantify model constructs in a larger sample and study their relationships over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren M Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.
| | - Zachary Patterson
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Carrie J Boden
- Department of Occupational, Workforce, and Leadership Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX
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Swindle TM, Fitzgerald S, McKelvey L, Whiteside-Mansell L. Application of Noninferiority Tests to Examine the Food Insecurity-Obesity Relationship in Children. J Hunger Environ Nutr 2017; 13:228-239. [PMID: 30906494 PMCID: PMC6428201 DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2017.1337537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study applies non-inferiority testing to assess the relationship between child weight and food security status in a sample of 808 children between 3 and 5 years old who were attending an urban, state-funded preschool program. Most families were African American (72.3%). Analyses were conducted using non-inferiority testing to evaluate the overweight-food security association. Odds of being overweight in the Food Insecure (FI) group were .643 (95% CI .525 to .788) while odds from the Food Secure (FS) group were .570 (95% CI .464 to .697), OR=1.127 (P=.004). These findings held across sub-groups of gender, race, and family conflict. Children whose parent indicated education beyond high school showed a reversal with FI odds of overweight less than FS odds (OR=.663). As illustrated in this study, non-inferiority testing provides an alternative analytic approach to examining the association between FI and weight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren M. Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199;
United States of America
| | - Shalese Fitzgerald
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199;
United States of America
| | - Lorraine McKelvey
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199;
United States of America
| | - Leanne Whiteside-Mansell
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199;
United States of America
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Swindle TM, Ward WL, Bokony P, Whiteside-Mansell L. A Cross-Sectional Study of Early Childhood Educators' Childhood and Current Food Insecurity and Dietary Intake. J Hunger Environ Nutr 2016; 13:40-54. [PMID: 29606990 DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2016.1227752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, ECEs (N=307) completed an 18-item survey regarding their role (lead vs. assistant), Education level, Program Type, and Current and Childhood Food Insecurity (FI) and Dietary Intake. ECEs in this study reported poor dietary quality and a high rate of FI. Approximately one quarter of ECEs ate fruits and vegetables more than once per day. Of participating ECEs, 34.5% indicated Current FI and 28.7% reported experiencing FI in Childhood. Differences in prevalence of Current FI were found for ECE role, Program Type, and Education (all p ≤ .03). Regression models with Childhood Dietary Intake, Childhood FI, Education, and Program Type as predictors accounted for a significant portion of variance in Current Dietary outcomes. In both models, Childhood Dietary Intake was uniquely predictive (p < .001) although Program Type was not. Future training and education efforts for ECEs should consider including specific resources to assess and reduce ECE FI and provide practical support for healthy eating on a budget. Additional research is needed to determine the impact of ECE FI on a variety of educator and child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren M Swindle
- Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
| | - Wendy L Ward
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1 Children's Way, Slot #512-21, Little Rock, AR 72202-3591; United States of America
| | - Patti Bokony
- Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
| | - Leanne Whiteside-Mansell
- Professor, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St, #530, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199; United States of America
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Harrist AW, Swindle TM, Hubbs-Tait L, Topham GL, Shriver LH, Page MC. The Social and Emotional Lives of Overweight, Obese, and Severely Obese Children. Child Dev 2016; 87:1564-80. [PMID: 27223340 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study examines inter- and intrapersonal problems associated with being overweight among one thousand one hundred sixty-four 6- to 7-year-olds (49% boys) in 29 rural schools. Socioemotional data include child self-reports, peer sociometrics, and teacher reports. Results support the hypothesis that children with weight problems struggle socially and emotionally, and extend current understanding of child obesity by demonstrating that problems appear early, are evident in a community sample, can be identified using standard sociometric methods, and are worse among children with severe obesity. Sociometric status difference between levels of obesity were also found. Although obese children were neglected by peers, severely obese children were rejected.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This study highlights the family characteristics of a child living in a state of triple risk: chronically ill, exposed to passive smoke, and residing in a low-income household. METHODS Head Start families were divided into 4 groups based on passive smoke exposure and child chronic illness status. Analyses of covariance controlling for parent education, parent employment, marital status, and residence were conducted to identify group differences in the Family Map risk areas. RESULTS Families of chronically ill, passive smoke-exposed children demonstrated the highest levels of risks across a range of areas including: meeting basic needs, family conflict, parenting stress, and parental depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Children living in poverty with a chronic illness who are exposed to smoke are likely to face many challenges in addition to their illness. Healthcare professionals can identify family risks and provide targeted educate and support to potentially reduce risk factors for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren M Swindle
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kathy Shapley
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Angie Kyzer
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Abstract
Although direct replications are ideal for randomized studies, areas of psychological science that lack randomized studies should incorporate Rosenbaum’s (2001) distinction between trivial and nontrivial replications, relabeled herein as exact and critical replications. If exact replications merely repeat systematic biases, they cannot enhance cumulative progress in psychological science. In contrast, critical replications distinguish between competing explanations by using crucial tests to clarify the underlying causal influences. We illustrate this potential with examples from research on corrective actions by professionals (e.g., psychotherapy, Ritalin) and parents (e.g., spanking, homework assistance), where critical replications are needed to overcome the inherent selection bias due to corrective actions being triggered by children’s symptoms. Purported causal effects must first prove to be replicable after plausible confounds such as selection bias are eliminated. Subsequent critical replications can then compare plausible alternative explanations of the average unbiased causal effect and of individual differences in those effects. We conclude that this type of systematic sequencing of critical replications has more potential for making the kinds of discriminations typical of cumulative progress in science than do exact replications alone, especially in areas where randomized studies are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Larzelere
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University
| | - Ronald B. Cox
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University
| | - Taren M. Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
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Swindle TM, Ward WL, Whiteside-Mansell L, Bokony P, Pettit D. Technology use and interest among low-income parents of young children: differences by age group and ethnicity. J Nutr Educ Behav 2014; 46:484-90. [PMID: 25087748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine demographic differences in frequency of use of technologies and interest in receiving nutrition information via technology by low-income parents and caregivers. DESIGN Descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING Head Start and state-funded child care programs. PARTICIPANTS A total of 806 parents and caregivers from low-income families. VARIABLES MEASURED A 20-item survey assessed frequency of use and interest in technologies (dependent variables) and collected participant age and ethnicity (independent variables). ANALYSIS Multivariate ANOVA analysis investigated whether age, ethnicity, and their interactions were related to frequency of use and interest in technology types. RESULTS Daily rates of usage for Internet, text messaging, and cell phone use were over 60%. However, Twitter and blogs were accessed daily by < 13% of respondents. The omnibus 2-way interaction of ethnicity and age was nonsignificant. However, main effects for ethnicity (Wilks' λ = .85; F = 3.13; P < .001) and age (Wilks' λ = .89; F = 2.29; P < .001) were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Facebook, e-mail, texting, and smartphone applications may be innovative modalities to engage with low-income parents and caregivers aged ≤ 45. However, some strategies may be ineffective for reaching Hispanic families as they reported less use of the Internet, Facebook, and e-mail as well as less interest in e-mail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taren M Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.
| | - Wendy L Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Leanne Whiteside-Mansell
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Patti Bokony
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Dawn Pettit
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Swindle TM, Ward WL, Whiteside-Mansell L, Brathwaite J, Bokony P, Conners-Burrow N, McKelvey L. Pediatric nutrition: parenting impacts beyond financial resources. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2014; 53:797-9. [PMID: 24137034 DOI: 10.1177/0009922813505904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taren M Swindle
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Wendy L Ward
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | | | - Patti Bokony
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Harrist AW, Cui L, Swindle TM, Page MC, Hubbs-Tait L, Topham GL. Are obese and overweight children disliked in 1st grade? Teacher and classmate ratings. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.374.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lixian Cui
- HDFSOklahoma State UnversityStillwaterOK
| | - Taren M. Swindle
- Family & Preventative MedicineUniv. of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
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McKelvey LM, Bokony PA, Swindle TM, Conners-Burrow NA, Schiffman RF, Fitzgerald HE. Father teaching interactions with toddlers at risk: Associations with later child academic outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/19424620.2011.637710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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