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Shan KS, Rehman TU, Ivanov S, Domingo G, Raez LE. Molecular Targeting of the BRAF Proto-Oncogene/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway across Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:624. [PMID: 38203795 PMCID: PMC10779188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is essential for cellular proliferation, growth, and survival. Constitutive activation of this pathway by BRAF mutations can cause downstream activation of kinases, leading to uncontrolled cellular growth and carcinogenesis. Therefore, inhibition of BRAF and the downstream substrate MEK has been shown to be effective in controlling tumor growth and proliferation. Over the last decade, several BRAF and MEK inhibitors have been investigated, ranging from primarily melanoma to various cancer types with BRAF alterations. This subsequently led to several Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for BRAF/MEK inhibitors for melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, histiocytosis neoplasms, and finally, tumor-agnostic indications. Here, this comprehensive review will cover the developments of BRAF and MEK inhibitors from melanomas to tumor-agnostic indications, novel drugs, challenges, future directions, and the importance of those drugs in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khine S. Shan
- Memorial Health Care, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pembroke Pines, FL 33328, USA; (T.U.R.); (S.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Tauseef U. Rehman
- Memorial Health Care, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pembroke Pines, FL 33328, USA; (T.U.R.); (S.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Stan Ivanov
- Memorial Health Care, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pembroke Pines, FL 33328, USA; (T.U.R.); (S.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Gelenis Domingo
- Memorial Health Care, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pembroke Pines, FL 33328, USA; (T.U.R.); (S.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Luis E. Raez
- Memorial Health Care, Thoracic Oncology Program, Pembroke Pines, FL 33328, USA;
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Rashidi A, Maeser D, Kaiser T, Ebadi M, Rehman TU, Holtan SG, Weisdorf DJ, Khoruts A, Staley C. Microbiome swings with repeated insults. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:e94-e96. [PMID: 32043276 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Rashidi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Danielle Maeser
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Kaiser
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Maryam Ebadi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tauseef U Rehman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shernan G Holtan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Weisdorf
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Shamas S, Rani S, Afsheen S, Shahab M, Ejaz R, Sadia H, Khan L, Rehman TU, Roshan S, Mayo A. CHANGES IN IRISIN RELEASE IN RESPONSE TO PERIPHERAL KISSPEPTIN-10 ADMINISTRATION IN HEALTHY AND OBESE ADULT MEN. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2019; 15:283-288. [PMID: 32010344 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2019.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Context Kisspeptin role in metabolism has been implicated recently. However, the nature of the signals that may connect body fat/muscle tissues with the central nervous system governing energy homeostasis remains to be elucidated. Objective The present study was designed to investigate the effects of peripheral kisspeptin-10 administration on irisin release in human males. Subjects and methods Kisspeptin-10 was administered to normal weight (n=8) and obese (n=8) men. Sequential blood sampling was performed for 30 minutes pre and 210 minutes post kisspeptin injection at 30 minutes interval. ELISA kit was used to detect plasma irisin levels. Results There is a significant (P<0.0001) effect of Kisspeptin-10 administration on irisin release in both normal weight and obese participants. Mean irisin levels (96.24 ± 1.351 ng/mL) at 210 minutes were significantly (P<0.0001) enhanced as compared to pre-kisspeptin (59.18 ± 4.815 ng/mL) in normal weight subjects. In obese subjects mean irisin levels (75.76 ± 4.06 ng/mL) were significantly (P<0.0001) elevated at 180 minutes post-kisspeptin when compared with pre-kisspeptin irisin levels (41.28 ± 2.89 ng/mL). Conclusion Our findings suggest that kisspeptin may have a novel therapeutic potential to induce irisin release in humans which may have anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shamas
- University of Gujrat - Hafiz Hayat Campus - Department of Zoology, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - S Rani
- University of Gujrat - Hafiz Hayat Campus - Department of Zoology, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - S Afsheen
- University of Gujrat - Hafiz Hayat Campus - Department of Zoology, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - M Shahab
- Quaid-i-Azam University - Animal Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R Ejaz
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University - Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - H Sadia
- Balochistan University of Information Technology and Management Sciences - Department of Biotechnology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - L Khan
- University of Buner Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan - Department of Zoology, Buner, Pakistan
| | - T U Rehman
- Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou - Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang, China
| | - S Roshan
- University of Gujrat - Hafiz Hayat Campus - Department of Zoology, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - A Mayo
- Quaid-i-Azam University - Animal Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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