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Franke AC, Hardet R, Prager L, Bentler M, Demeules M, John-Neek P, Jäschke NM, Ha TC, Hacker UT, Adriouch S, Büning H. Capsid-modified adeno-associated virus vectors as novel vaccine platform for cancer immunotherapy. Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development 2023; 29:238-253. [PMID: 37090479 PMCID: PMC10120303 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has significantly improved treatment outcomes in various cancer entities. To enhance immunogenicity and efficacy, and to further broaden its applicability, co-administration of anti-tumor vaccines is considered as a promising strategy. Here, we introduce adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, widely used for in vivo gene therapy, as a potent cancer vaccine platform. Our AAV vector-based vaccine combines antigen display on the capsid surface with a vector-mediated antigen overexpression targeting different components of the immune system in a unique chronological order by a single intramuscular application. Thereby, both profound and long-lasting antigen-specific T and B cell immune responses were induced. Moreover, mice receiving the vaccine were protected against tumor growth, demonstrating its efficacy in two tumor models, including the low immunogenic and aggressive B16/F10-Ova melanoma model. Remarkably, this approach was even effective in conditions of a late tumor challenge, i.e., 80 days post-vaccination, between 88% (B16/F10-Ova melanoma) and 100% (EG7 thymoma) of mice remained tumor free. Thus, decorating AAV vector particles with antigens by capsid engineering represents a potent vaccine concept for applications in cancer immunotherapy. Its modular and versatile "plug-and-play" framework enables the use of tumor antigens of choice and the easy implementation of additional modifications to enhance immunogenicity further.
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Schwarzer A, Talbot SR, Selich A, Morgan M, Schott JW, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Bastone AL, Weigel B, Ha TC, Dziadek V, Gijsbers R, Thrasher AJ, Staal FJT, Gaspar HB, Modlich U, Schambach A, Rothe M. Predicting genotoxicity of viral vectors for stem cell gene therapy using gene expression-based machine learning. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3383-3397. [PMID: 34174440 PMCID: PMC8636173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for many diseases of the blood and immune system. However, several individuals who underwent gene therapy in different trials developed hematological malignancies caused by insertional mutagenesis. Preclinical assessment of vector safety remains challenging because there are few reliable assays to screen for potential insertional mutagenesis effects in vitro. Here we demonstrate that genotoxic vectors induce a unique gene expression signature linked to stemness and oncogenesis in transduced murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Based on this finding, we developed the surrogate assay for genotoxicity assessment (SAGA). SAGA classifies integrating retroviral vectors using machine learning to detect this gene expression signature during the course of in vitro immortalization. On a set of benchmark vectors with known genotoxic potential, SAGA achieved an accuracy of 90.9%. SAGA is more robust and sensitive and faster than previous assays and reliably predicts a mutagenic risk for vectors that led to leukemic severe adverse events in clinical trials. Our work provides a fast and robust tool for preclinical risk assessment of gene therapy vectors, potentially paving the way for safer gene therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anton Selich
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane W Schott
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Antonella L Bastone
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Weigel
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Teng Cheong Ha
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Violetta Dziadek
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert B Gaspar
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ute Modlich
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Stahlhut M, Ha TC, Takmakova E, Morgan MA, Schwarzer A, Schaudien D, Eder M, Schambach A, Kustikova OS. Conditionally immortalised leukaemia initiating cells co-expressing Hoxa9/Meis1 demonstrate microenvironmental adaptation properties ex vivo while maintaining myelomonocytic memory. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5294. [PMID: 33674652 PMCID: PMC7935976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of haematopoietic stem cell fate through conditional gene expression could improve understanding of healthy haematopoietic and leukaemia initiating cell (LIC) biology. We established conditionally immortalised myeloid progenitor cell lines co-expressing constitutive Hoxa9.EGFP and inducible Meis1.dTomato (H9M-ciMP) to study growth behaviour, immunophenotype and morphology under different cytokine/microenvironmental conditions ex vivo upon doxycycline (DOX) induction or removal. The vector design and drug-dependent selection approach identified new retroviral insertion (RVI) sites that potentially collaborate with Meis1/Hoxa9 and define H9M-ciMP fate. For most cell lines, myelomonocytic conditions supported reversible H9M-ciMP differentiation into neutrophils and macrophages with DOX-dependent modulation of Hoxa9/Meis1 and CD11b/Gr-1 expression. Here, up-regulation of Meis1/Hoxa9 promoted reconstitution of exponential expansion of immature H9M-ciMPs after DOX reapplication. Stem cell maintaining conditions supported selective H9M-ciMP exponential growth. H9M-ciMPs that had Ninj2 RVI and were cultured under myelomonocytic or stem cell maintaining conditions revealed the development of DOX-dependent acute myeloid leukaemia in a murine transplantation model. Transcriptional dysregulation of Ninj2 and distal genes surrounding RVI (Rad52, Kdm5a) was detected. All studied H9M-ciMPs demonstrated adaptation to T-lymphoid microenvironmental conditions while maintaining immature myelomonocytic features. Thus, the established system is relevant to leukaemia and stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Stahlhut
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Teng Cheong Ha
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Takmakova
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael A Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Olga S Kustikova
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Ha TC, Stahlhut M, Kustikova O, Schambach A, Baum C. Retroviral insertional mutagenesis as a platform to study proto-oncogenes and their collaborating partners. Exp Hematol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tuan JKL, Ha TC, Ong WS, Siow TR, Tham IWK, Ng WL, Wang MLC, Chua ET, Tan TWK. Outcomes of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer using an empty bladder protocol. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2012; 24:e137-9. [PMID: 22795829 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Clinical trials have reported conflicting results on whether oral clodronate therapy improves survival in breast cancer patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate further the effect of oral clodronate therapy on overall survival, bone metastasis-free survival and nonskeletal metastasis-free survival among breast cancer patients. An extensive literature search was undertaken for the period 1966 to July 2006 to identify clinical trials examining survival in breast cancer patients who received 2 or 3 years of oral clodronate therapy at 1600 mg day(-1) compared with those without therapy. Meta-analyses were carried out separately for patients diagnosed with advanced breast cancer and early breast cancer. Our meta-analysis found no evidence of any statistically significant difference in overall survival, bone metastasis-free survival or nonskeletal metastasis-free survival in advanced breast cancer patients receiving clodronate therapy or early breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant clodronate treatment compared with those who did not receive any active treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Ha
- Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore.
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