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Marzi T, Gronchi G, Turano MT, Giovannelli F, Giganti F, Rebai M, Viggiano MP. Mapping the Featural and Holistic Face Processing of Bad and Good Face Recognizers. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11050075. [PMID: 34068256 PMCID: PMC8153130 DOI: 10.3390/bs11050075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual abilities in face recognition (good versus bad recognizers) were explored by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). The adaptation response profile of the N170 component to whole faces, eyes and mouths was used in order to highlight the crucial role of individual abilities in identity repetition processes for unfamiliar faces. The main point of this study is to underline the importance of characterizing the performance (bad or good) of the participants and to show that behaviorally selected groups might reveal neural differences. Good recognizers showed selective right hemisphere N170 repetition effects for whole faces and not for features. On the contrary, bad recognizers showed a general repetition effect not specifically related to faces and more pronounced processing for features. These findings suggest a different contribution of holistic and featural analysis in bad and good performers. In conclusion, we propose that the N170 might be used as a tool to tease apart face encoding processes as a function of individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Marzi
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, 50135 Firenze, Italy; (T.M.); (G.G.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Giorgio Gronchi
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, 50135 Firenze, Italy; (T.M.); (G.G.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | | | - Fabio Giovannelli
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, 50135 Firenze, Italy; (T.M.); (G.G.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Fiorenza Giganti
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, 50135 Firenze, Italy; (T.M.); (G.G.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Mohamed Rebai
- Department of Psychology, University of Rouen, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, 50135 Firenze, Italy; (T.M.); (G.G.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Zabini F, Albanese L, Becheri FR, Gavazzi G, Giganti F, Giovanelli F, Gronchi G, Guazzini A, Laurino M, Li Q, Marzi T, Mastorci F, Meneguzzo F, Righi S, Viggiano MP. Comparative Study of the Restorative Effects of Forest and Urban Videos during COVID-19 Lockdown: Intrinsic and Benchmark Values. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17218011. [PMID: 33143327 PMCID: PMC7672570 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prolonged lockdown imposed to contain the COrona VIrus Disease 19 COVID-19 pandemic prevented many people from direct contact with nature and greenspaces, raising alarms for a possible worsening of mental health. This study investigated the effectiveness of a simple and affordable remedy for improving psychological well-being, based on audio-visual stimuli brought by a short computer video showing forest environments, with an urban video as a control. Randomly selected participants were assigned the forest or urban video, to look at and listen to early in the morning, and questionnaires to fill out. In particular, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Form Y collected in baseline condition and at the end of the study and the Part II of the Sheehan Patient Rated Anxiety Scale (SPRAS) collected every day immediately before and after watching the video. The virtual exposure to forest environments showed effective to reduce perceived anxiety levels in people forced by lockdown in limited spaces and environmental deprivation. Although significant, the effects were observed only in the short term, highlighting the limitation of the virtual experiences. The reported effects might also represent a benchmark to disentangle the determinants of health effects due to real forest experiences, for example, the inhalation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zabini
- Institute for Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (F.M.); Tel.: +39-333-379-2947 (F.Z.); +39-392-985-0002 (F.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Albanese
- Institute for Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
| | | | - Gioele Gavazzi
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, I-50135 Firenze, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G); (F.G.); (G.G.); (T.M.); (S.R.); (M.P.V.)
| | - Fiorenza Giganti
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, I-50135 Firenze, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G); (F.G.); (G.G.); (T.M.); (S.R.); (M.P.V.)
| | - Fabio Giovanelli
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, I-50135 Firenze, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G); (F.G.); (G.G.); (T.M.); (S.R.); (M.P.V.)
| | - Giorgio Gronchi
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, I-50135 Firenze, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G); (F.G.); (G.G.); (T.M.); (S.R.); (M.P.V.)
| | - Andrea Guazzini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultural Studies, Literatures, and Psychology (FORLILPSI), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, I-50135 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Marco Laurino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 1 Via Giuseppe Moruzzi, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine—Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan;
| | - Tessa Marzi
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, I-50135 Firenze, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G); (F.G.); (G.G.); (T.M.); (S.R.); (M.P.V.)
| | - Francesca Mastorci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 1 Via Giuseppe Moruzzi, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Institute for Bioeconomy, National Research Council, 10 Via Madonna del Piano, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
- Central Scientific Committee, Italian Alpine Club, 19 Via E. Petrella, I-20124 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (F.M.); Tel.: +39-333-379-2947 (F.Z.); +39-392-985-0002 (F.M.)
| | - Stefania Righi
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, I-50135 Firenze, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G); (F.G.); (G.G.); (T.M.); (S.R.); (M.P.V.)
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Section of Psychology—Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 12 Via di San Salvi, I-50135 Firenze, Italy; (G.G.); (F.G); (F.G.); (G.G.); (T.M.); (S.R.); (M.P.V.)
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Marzi T, Peru A. First impressions on face trustworthiness across ages: Evidence from a cross-sectional study. Arch Ital Biol 2018; 156:164-170. [PMID: 30796760 DOI: 10.12871/00039829201843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore how the sense of trustworthiness is influenced by age and gender. Participants were to judge computer-generated faces for trustworthiness in two different experimental conditions according to the orientation of the virtual stimuli: canonical (i.e. upright) and inverted (i.e. upside down). Experimental stimuli were presented very briefly and were specifically selected to look: trustworthy, untrustworthy or neutral. The results showed that the tendency to evaluate faces as trustworthy was modulated by both age and gender. In particular, young participants were more prone to judge faces as trustworthy than adult, elderly and child participants. In turn, males were more prone to evaluate faces as trustworthy than females, but this difference was not found among children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Peru
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Firenze, Italy, Via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Firenze, Italy -
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Fiori G, Marzi T, Bartoli F, Bruni C, Ciceroni C, Palomba M, Zolferino M, Corsi E, Galimberti M, Moggi Pignone A, Viggiano MP, Guiducci S, Calamai M, Matucci-Cerinic M. The challenge of pet therapy in systemic sclerosis: evidence for an impact on pain, anxiety, neuroticism and social interaction. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36 Suppl 113:135-141. [PMID: 30277859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of animal-assisted intervention (AAI), a complementary support to traditional therapies focused on the interaction between animals and human beings, in improving psychological trait, anxiety and pain in a cohort of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. METHODS 42 SSc patients, undergoing iloprost intravenous infusion, were divided in three groups: 1) 14 patients submitted to 20 AAI sessions; 2) 14 patients engaged in alternative social activity (control group 1 - C1); and 3) 14 patients without any alternative activity (control group 2 - C2). All patients underwent Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the State-anxiety (STAI-S) and emotional faces at the beginning (s0) and at the end (s1) of each single session, while General Anxiety State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R), the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), the Toronto Alexythymia Scale (TAS-20), the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) were administered at baseline (t0) and at the end of the project (t1). RESULTS AAI group showed a significant decrease of the anxiety state level in respect to the two control groups (p<0.001). VAS scale resulted lower both in AAI (p < 0.001) and C1 group (p<0.01). Moreover, STAI-T and TAS scores were significantly reduced in AAI group (p<0.001). TCQ scale showed that patients treated with AAI, compared to control group C2, had greater capacity to avoid unpleasant and unwanted thoughts (p<0.05). In AAI group, the EPQ-R test revealed an enhancement of extroversion trait compared to both control groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that AAI significantly reduces pain perception, anxiety, neuroticism and ameliorates patients' social interaction, therefore it may be a useful to allow a better compliance to traditional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Fiori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Scleroderma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
| | - Tessa Marzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bartoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Scleroderma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Scleroderma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Ciceroni
- Veterinary Service of Azienda Sanitaria Locale 10, Florence, Italy
| | - Michela Palomba
- Italian Association "Utilizzo Cani D'Assistenza" (AIUCA society), Italy
| | - Michela Zolferino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Scleroderma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Corsi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Scleroderma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Moggi Pignone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Scleroderma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Calamai
- General Director of the Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Scleroderma Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Fiori G, Bartoli F, Marzi T, Bruni C, Lepri G, Bellando-Randone S, Guiducci S, Denaro V, Tesei G, Matucci-Cerinic M. THU0641-HPR The Challenge of Pet Therapy in Rheumatology: Evidence for The Improvement of Patients Compliance in Systemic Sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Giovannelli F, Giganti F, Saviozzi A, Rebai M, Marzi T, Righi S, Tramacere L, Borgheresi A, Cincotta M, Viggiano M. Gender Differences in Time Perception During Olfactory Stimulation. J SENS STUD 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Giovannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health; University of Florence; Florence Italy
- Unit of Neurology; Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - F. Giganti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - A. Saviozzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - M. Rebai
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurosciences; Université de Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex France
| | - T. Marzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - S. Righi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - L. Tramacere
- Unit of Neurology; Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - A. Borgheresi
- Unit of Neurology; Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - M. Cincotta
- Unit of Neurology; Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze Florence Italy
| | - M.P. Viggiano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, Child Health; University of Florence; Florence Italy
- Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; Florence Italy
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Righi S, Gronchi G, Marzi T, Rebai M, Viggiano MP. You are that smiling guy I met at the party! Socially positive signals foster memory for identities and contexts. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2015; 159:1-7. [PMID: 26000956 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The emotional influence of facial expressions on memory is well-known whereas the influence of emotional contextual information on memory for emotional faces is yet to be extensively explored. This study investigated the interplay between facial expression and the emotional surrounding context in affecting both memory for identities (item memory) and memory for associative backgrounds (source memory). At the encoding fearful and happy faces were presented embedded in fear or happy scenes (i.e.: fearful faces in fear-scenes, happy faces in happy-scenes, fearful faces in happy-scenes and happy faces in fear-scenes) and participants were asked to judge the emotional congruency of the face-scene compounds (i.e. fearful faces in fear-scenes and happy faces in happy-scenes were congruent compounds). In the recognition phase, the old faces were intermixed with the new ones: all the faces were presented isolated with a neutral expression. Participants were requested to indicate whether each face had been previously presented (item memory). Then, for each old face the memory for the scene originally compounded with the face was tested by a three alternative forced choice recognition task (source memory). The results evidenced that face identity memory is differently modulated by the valence in congruent face-context compounds with better identity recognition (item memory) for happy faces encoded in happy-scenarios. Moreover, also the memory for the surrounding context (source memory) benefits from the association with a smiling face. Our findings highlight that socially positive signals conveyed by smiling faces may prompt memory for identity and context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Righi
- Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Gronchi
- Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Tessa Marzi
- Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Mohamed Rebai
- Department of Psychology, University of Rouen, France
| | - Maria Pia Viggiano
- Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Italy
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Fiori G, Bartoli F, Marzi T, Galimberti M, Palomba M, Corsi E, Zolferino M, Ciceroni C, Matucci Cerinic M. FRI0465 Animal (PET)-Assisted Therapy Helps in Reducing Pain and Promotes Social-Affective Regulation in Systemic Sclerosis (SSC). Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Giovannelli F, Ragazzoni A, Battista D, Tarantino V, Del Sordo E, Marzi T, Zaccara G, Avanzini G, Viggiano M, Cincotta M. “…the times they aren’t a-changin’…” rTMS does not affect basic mechanisms of temporal discrimination: A pilot study with ERPs. Neuroscience 2014; 278:302-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Giovannelli F, Ragazzoni A, Battista D, Del Sordo E, Tarantino V, Marzi T, Zaccara G, Avanzini G, Viggiano M, Cincotta M. P698: Neural correlates of temporal discrimination: a study with ERPs and rTMS. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
The question that motivated this study was to investigate the relation between trait anxiety, emotions and memory control. To this aim, memory suppression was explored in high and low trait anxiety individuals with the Think/No-think paradigm. After learning associations between neutral words and emotional scenes (negative, positive, and neutral), participants were shown a word and were requested either to think about the associated scene or to block it out from mind. Finally, in a test phase, participants were again shown each word and asked to recall the paired scene. The results show that memory control is influenced by high trait anxiety and emotions. Low trait anxiety individuals showed a memory suppression effect, whereas there was a lack of memory suppression in high trait anxious individuals, especially for emotionally negative scenes. Thus, we suggest that individuals with anxiety may have difficulty exerting cognitive control over memories with a negative valence. These findings provide evidence that memory suppression can be impaired by anxiety thus highlighting the crucial relation between cognitive control, emotions, and individual differences in regulating emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Marzi
- Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of FlorenceFirenze, FI, Italy
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Turano M, Marzi T, Viggiano M. 124. Electrophysiological correlates of individual differences in face ability: A preliminary report. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.06.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Giovannelli F, Ragazzoni A, Battista D, Marzi T, Zaccara G, Borgheresi A, Viggiano M, Cincotta M. P 69. Brain areas involved in temporal discrimination task: A study with ERPs and TMS. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Marzi T. Not just faces... also bodies are “special” but in a different way. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:636-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to tap the temporal dynamics of first impressions based on face appearance. Participants were asked to evaluate briefly presented faces for trustworthiness and political choice. Behaviorally, participants were better at discriminating faces that were pre-rated as untrustworthy. The ERP results showed that the P100 component was enhanced for untrustworthy faces, consistently with the view that signals of potential threat are given precedence in neural processing. The enhanced ERP responses to untrustworthy faces persisted throughout the processing sequence and the amplitude of early posterior negativity (EPN), and subsequent late positive potential (LPP) was increased with respect to trustworthy faces which, in contrast, elicited an enhanced positivity around 150 ms on frontal sites. These ERP patterns were found specifically for the trustworthiness evaluation and not for the political decision task. Political decision yielded an increase in the N170 amplitude, reflecting a more demanding and taxing structural encoding. Similar ERP responses, as previously reported in the literature for facial expressions processing, were found throughout the entire time course specifically elicited by faces explicitly judged as untrustworthy. One possibility might be that evolution has provided the brain with a 'special toolkit' for trust evaluation that is fast and triggers ERPs related to emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Marzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12. Complesso di San Salvi, Padiglione 26, 50135 Firenze, Italy.
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Viggiano MP, Marzi T, Forni M, Righi S, Franceschini R, Peru A. Semantic category effects modulate visual priming in neglect patients. Cortex 2011; 48:1128-37. [PMID: 21757194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that extinguished stimuli can still be unconsciously processed, leading to implicit priming effects. Here we investigated whether these implicit effects might be modulated by the semantic nature of the stimuli. Five neglect patients and ten controls performed an identification task of items belonging to living and non-living categories. In the study phase photographs of animals and artifacts were presented either to the left visual field (LVF) or to the right visual field (RVF). In the identification phase, each stimulus was displayed centrally and was revealed in a sequence of frames where the item was represented by an increasingly less and less filtered image up to a complete version. The results showed that lateralized stimuli differentially affected controls' and neglect patients' memory retrieval. In controls memory traces from the study phase served as efficient primes, thereby reducing the amount of information necessary for the identification of both stimulus categories. Moreover, hemispheric differences emerged with an advantage of the RVF/left hemisphere for artifact items, while no difference was found for living things. Neglect patients showed a priming effect for artifact items presented either to the RVF/left hemisphere or LVF/right hemisphere, as well as for living items presented to the RVF/left hemisphere, but not for living items presented to the LVF/right hemisphere. The priming effect observed for extinguished artifacts is consistent with the evidence of the existence of a specific mechanism destined to analyze, in an automatic and implicit fashion, motor-relevant information of manipulable objects and tools, which are important for identification process. Results are discussed in relation to current models of organization of conceptual knowledge within the framework of different processes performed by the two hemispheres.
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Marzi T, Viggiano MP. Temporal dynamics of face inversion at encoding and retrieval. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:1360-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
abstractThe absorption of water in glass fiber reinforced epoxy resins is a complex process. With dynamic-mechanical measurements it is possible to distinguish locations of water in the resin-glass interphase, in micro-cracks of the resin, and diluted in the bulk polymer. The dominant mechanism of incorporation depends on the resin/hardener system, the surface treatment of the glass fabrics, and the sorption temperature.
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Abstract
AbstractDynamic-mechanical measurements were used to study the properties of the interphase in glass fibre reinforced epoxy resins. The immobilisation of the polymer chains in the interphase is determined by the curing system, the annealing process, and the surface treatment of the glass fibres.
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Marzi T, Viggiano MP. Deep and shallow encoding effects on face recognition: An ERP study. Int J Psychophysiol 2010; 78:239-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Toscani M, Marzi T, Righi S, Viggiano MP, Baldassi S. Alpha waves: a neural signature of visual suppression. Exp Brain Res 2010; 207:213-9. [PMID: 20972777 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alpha waves are traditionally considered a passive consequence of the lack of stimulation of sensory areas. However, recent results have challenged this view by showing a modulation of alpha activity in cortical areas representing unattended information during active tasks. These data have led us to think that alpha waves would support a 'gating function' on sensorial stimulation that actively inhibits unattended information in attentional tasks. Visual suppression occurring during a saccade and blink entails an inhibition of incoming visual information, and it seems to occur at an early processing stage. In this study, we hypothesized that the neural mechanism through which the visual system exerts this inhibition is the active imposition of alpha oscillations in the occipital cortex, which in turn predicts an increment of alpha amplitude during a visual suppression phenomena. We measured visual suppression occurring during short closures of the eyelids, a situation well suited for EEG recordings and stimulated the retinae with an intra-oral light administered through the palate. In the behavioral experiment, detection thresholds were measured with eyes steady open and steady closed, showing a reduction of sensitivity in the latter case. In the EEG recordings performed under identical conditions we found stronger alpha activity with closed eyes. Since the stimulation does not depend on whether the eyes were open or closed, we reasoned that this should be a central effect, probably due to a functional role of alpha oscillation in agreement with the 'gating function' theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Toscani
- Abteilung Allgemeine Psychologie, Justus-Liebig-Universitat, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10, 35394, Giessen, Germany
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Marzi T, Viggiano M. When memory meets beauty: Insights from event-related potentials. Biol Psychol 2010; 84:192-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marzi T, Viggiano MP. Interplay between familiarity and orientation in face processing: An ERP study. Int J Psychophysiol 2007; 65:182-92. [PMID: 17512996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to tap the electrophysiological correlates of the perceptual and structural encoding stages of face processing, we investigated how inversion and familiarity affect the face-specific event-related potentials (ERPs) components. ERPs were recorded while participants performed a familiarity judgment task with upright and inverted photographs of famous and unknown faces. The early P100 component was found to be sensitive to facial configuration that is disrupted by face inversion. Noteworthy, in addition to the ongoing effect of orientation, an effect of familiarity, although limited to upright faces, emerged at the processing stage indexed by N170. Later on, as witnessed by the P250 component, the familiarity effect was generalized to both upright and inverted faces with a larger amplitude for inverted famous faces. All in all, the present results suggest that the face structural encoding stage is cognitively permeable by higher-order factors such as familiarity, especially when familiarity is crucial for mastering the task. From a more general viewpoint, these results indicate that face processing is subserved by multiple mechanisms in which structural (i.e. orientation) and semantic (i.e. familiarity) factors begin to interact at early processing stages with different time courses. The electrophysiological correlates of these mechanisms are documented by the differential involvement of the major ERP components in the "familiarity check". With upright faces familiarity affects the N170 component, while with inverted faces it affects later components, in keeping with a prolonged time course of the familiarity decision when orientation is not upright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Marzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
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Romeo D, Zabucchi G, Marzi T, Rossi F. Kinetic and enzymatic features of metabolic stimulation of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages challenged with bacteria. Exp Cell Res 1973; 78:423-32. [PMID: 4144584 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(73)90087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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