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Sivanarayanan TB, Bhat IA, Sharun K, Palakkara S, Singh R, Remya, Parmar MS, Bhardwaj R, Chandra V, Munuswamy P, Kinjavdekar P, Pawde AM, Amarpal, Sharma GT. Allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and its conditioned media for repairing acute and sub-acute peripheral nerve injuries in a rabbit model. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102053. [PMID: 36907044 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated healing potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and BM-MSCs-conditioned medium (BM-MSCs-CM) for acute and subacute injuries in the rabbit peripheral nerve injury model. The regenerative capacity of MSCs was evaluated in 40 rabbits divided into eight groups, four groups each for acute and subacute injury models. BM-MSCs and BM-MSCS-CM were prepared by isolating allogenic bone marrow from the iliac crest. After inducing sciatic nerve crush injury, different treatments consisting of PBS, Laminin, BM-MSCs + laminin, and BM-MSCS-CM + laminin were used on the day of injury in the acute injury model and after ten days of crush injury in the subacute groups. The parameters studied included: pain, total neurological score, gastrocnemius muscle weight and volume ratio, histopathology of the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings indicate that BM-MSCs and BM-MSCS-CM have augmented the regenerative capacity in acute and subacute injury groups with a slightly better improvement in the subacute groups than the animals in acute injury groups. Histopathology data revealed different levels of regenerative process undergoing in the nerve. Neurological observations, gastrocnemius muscle evaluation, muscle histopathology, and the SEM results depicted better healing in animals treated with BM-MSCs and BM-MSCS-CM. With this data, it could be concluded that BM-MSCs support the healing of injured peripheral nerves, and the BM-MSCS-CM does accelerate the healing of acute and subacute peripheral nerve injuries in rabbits. However, stem cell therapy may be indicated during the subacute phase for better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Sivanarayanan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeetha Palakkara
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Remya
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mehtab Singh Parmar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Bhardwaj
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Palanivelu Munuswamy
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Kinjavdekar
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - G Taru Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad 500032, India.
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Vattathara JJ, Prakash O, Subhramanian S, Satheeshkumar MK, Xavier T, Anil M, Pillai GS, Anandakuttan A, Radhakrishnan S, Sivanarayanan TB, Akk U, Mohan CG, Menon KN. Substrate Specific Inhibitor Designed against the Immunomodulator GMF-beta Reversed the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3790. [PMID: 32123210 PMCID: PMC7051966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of substrate inhibition to prevent its phosphorylation has potential in drug discovery and is envisioned to treat the autoimmune disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). Glia maturation factor-β (GMF-β) Ser83 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) is pivotal in the activation of GMF-β-p38MAPK-NFκB biochemical pathway towards proinflammatory response induction in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using structure-based drug design, we identified the small molecule inhibitor 1-H-indazole-4yl methanol (GMFBI.1) that specifically blocked Ser83 phosphorylation site on GMF-β substrate. Using in vitro and in vivo techniques, molecular mechanism of action of GMFBI.1’s direct interaction with GMF-β substrate and prevention of its Ser83 phosphorylation was established. GMFBI.1 down regulated p38MAPK phosphorylation and NFκB expression essential for proinflammatory response. Further, GMFBI.1 administration at peak of EAE reversed clinical symptoms, immunopathology, proinflammatory cytokine response and up regulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines. Present strategy of substrate inhibition against the key immunomodulatory target has immense therapeutic potential in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Jose Vattathara
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Ohm Prakash
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sunitha Subhramanian
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Madathiparambil Kumaran Satheeshkumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Tessy Xavier
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Meenakshi Anil
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Gopal S Pillai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Anandkumar Anandakuttan
- Department of Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sureshkumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - T B Sivanarayanan
- Central Animal Laboratory, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Unni Akk
- Central Animal Laboratory, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Chethampadi Gopi Mohan
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Krishnakumar N Menon
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi-682 041, Kerala, India.
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3
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Jeena K, Manju CA, Sajesh KM, Gowd GS, Sivanarayanan TB, Mol C D, Manohar M, Nambiar A, Nair SV, Koyakutty M. Retraction of "Brain-Tumor-Regenerating 3D Scaffold-Based Primary Xenograft Models for Glioma Stem Cell Targeted Drug Screening". ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4131. [PMID: 33448814 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Padmakumar S, Paul-Prasanth B, Pavithran K, Vijaykumar DK, Rajanbabu A, Sivanarayanan TB, Kadakia E, Amiji MM, Nair SV, Menon D. Long-term drug delivery using implantable electrospun woven polymeric nanotextiles. Nanomedicine 2018; 15:274-284. [PMID: 30343013 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A woven nanotextile implant was developed and optimized for long-term continuous drug delivery for potential oncological applications. Electrospun polydioxanone (PDS) nanoyarns, which are twisted bundles of PDS nanofibres, were loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and woven into nanotextiles of different packing densities. A mechanistic modeling of in vitro drug release proved that a combination of diffusion and matrix degradation controlled the slow PTX-release from a nanoyarn, emphasizing the role of nanostructure in modulating release kinetics. Woven nanotextiles, through variations in its packing density and thereby architecture, demonstrated tuneable PTX-release. In vivo PTX-release, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were evaluated in healthy BALB/c mice by suturing the nanotextile to peritoneal wall. The slow and metronomic PTX-release for 60 days from the loosely woven implant was extremely effective in enhancing its residence in peritoneum, in contrast to intraperitoneal injections. Such an implantable matrix offers a novel platform for therapy of solid tumors over prolonged durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Padmakumar
- Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Bindhu Paul-Prasanth
- Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Keechilat Pavithran
- Department of Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Anupama Rajanbabu
- Department of Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Ekta Kadakia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shantikumar V Nair
- Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Deepthy Menon
- Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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Jeena K, Manju CA, Sajesh KM, Gowd GS, Sivanarayanan TB, Mol C D, Manohar M, Nambiar A, Nair SV, Koyakutty M. Brain-Tumor-Regenerating 3D Scaffold-Based Primary Xenograft Models for Glioma Stem Cell Targeted Drug Screening. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:139-148. [PMID: 33405881 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSC) present a critical therapeutic challenge for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Drug screening against GSC demands development of novel in vitro and in vivo platforms that can mimic brain microenvironment and support GSC maintenance and tumorigenesis. Here, we report, a 3-dimensionel (3D) biomimetic macro-porous scaffold developed by incorporating hyaluronic acid, porcine brain extra cellular matrix (ECM) and growth factors that facilitates regeneration of GBM from primary GSCs, ex vivo and in vivo. After characterizing with human and rat GBM cell lines and neurospheres, human GSCs expressing Notch1, Sox-2, Nestin, and CD133 biomarkers were isolated from GBM patients, cultured in the 3D scaffold, and implanted subcutaneously in nude mice to develop patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. Aggressive growth pattern of PDX with formation of intratumoral vascularization was monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Histopathological and phenotypial features of the original tumors were retained in the PDX models. We used this regenerated GBM platform to screen novel siRNA nanotherapeutics targeting Notch, Sox-2, FAK signaling for its ability to inhibit the tumorigenic potential of GSCs. Current clinical drug, Temozolomide and an anticancer phytochemical, nanocurcumin, were used as controls. The siRNA nanoparticles showed excellent efficacy in inhibiting tumorigenesis by GSCs in vivo. Our study suggests that the brain-ECM mimicking scaffold can regenerate primary gliomas from GSCs in vitro and in vivo, and the same can be used as an effective platform for screening drugs against glioma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottarapat Jeena
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, ‡Central Lab Animal Facility, and §Department of Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Cheripelil Abraham Manju
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Central Lab Animal Facility, and §Department of Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Koythatta Meethalveedu Sajesh
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Central Lab Animal Facility, and Department of Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - G Siddaramana Gowd
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Central Lab Animal Facility, and Department of Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Thangalazhi Balakrishnan Sivanarayanan
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Central Lab Animal Facility, and Department of Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Deepthi Mol C
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Central Lab Animal Facility, and Department of Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Maneesh Manohar
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Central Lab Animal Facility, and Department of Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Ajit Nambiar
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Central Lab Animal Facility, and Department of Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Shantikumar V Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Central Lab Animal Facility, and Department of Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682 041, India
| | - Manzoor Koyakutty
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Central Lab Animal Facility, and Department of Pathology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ponekkara, Kochi 682 041, India
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Kuttappan S, Anitha A, Minsha MG, Menon PM, Sivanarayanan TB, Vijayachandran LS, Nair MB. BMP2 expressing genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells on composite fibrous scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration in segmental defects. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 85:239-248. [PMID: 29407153 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of critical sized bone defect remains a significant challenge in orthopedics. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of the combination of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expressing genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [MSCs engineered using a multimam vector, pAceMam1, an emerging gene delivery vector] and an osteoconductive scaffold [silica coated nanohydroxyapatite-gelatin reinforced with fibers] in enhancing bone regeneration in critical sized segmental defects. The scaffold with transfected MSCs showed significantly higher viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Further, this group augmented union and new bone formation in critical sized rat femoral segmental defect at 12 weeks when compared to control groups (scaffold with MSCs and scaffold alone). These data demonstrated that the MSCs engineered for transient expression of BMP2 can improve the repair of segmental defects, which paves an avenue for using pAceMam1 as a vector for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthy Kuttappan
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - A Anitha
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - M G Minsha
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Parvathy M Menon
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - T B Sivanarayanan
- Central Animal Lab Facility, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Lakshmi Sumitra Vijayachandran
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.
| | - Manitha B Nair
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India.
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Pratheesh MD, Gade NE, Nath A, Dubey PK, Sivanarayanan TB, Madhu DN, Sreekumar TR, Amarpal, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. Evaluation of persistence and distribution of intra-dermally administered PKH26 labelled goat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in cutaneous wound healing model. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:841-849. [PMID: 28497366 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to study the persistence and distribution of caprine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (cBM-MSCs) when administered intra-dermally in experimentally induced cutaneous wounds in rabbits. MSC's from goat bone marrow were isolated and their differentiation potential towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages were assayed in vitro. The isolated cells were phenotypically analysed using flow cytometry for the expression of MSC specific matrix receptors (CD73, CD105 and Stro-1) and absence of hematopoietic lineage markers. Further, these in vitro expanded MSCs were stained with PKH26 lipophilic cell membrane red fluorescent dye and prepared for transplantation into cutaneous wounds created on rabbits. Five, 2 cm linear full thickness skin incisions were created on either side of dorsal midline of New Zealand white rabbits (n = 4). Four wounds in each animal were implanted intra-dermally with PKH26 labelled cBM-MSCs suspended in 500 µl of Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). Fifth wound was injected with PBS alone and treated as negative control. The skin samples were collected from respective wounds on 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after the wound creation, and cryosections of 6 µM were made from it. Fluorescent microscopy of these cryosections showed that the PKH26 labelled transplanted cells and their daughter cells demonstrated a diffuse pattern of distribution initially and were later concentrated towards the wound edges and finally appeared to be engrafted with the newly developed skin tissues. The labelled cells were found retained in the wound bed throughout the period of 14 days of experimental study with a gradual decline in their intensity of red fluorescence probably due to the dye dilution as a result of multiple cell division. The retention of transplanted MSCs within the wound bed even after the complete wound healing suggests that in addition to their paracrine actions as already been reported, they may have direct involvement in various stages of intricate wound healing process which needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pratheesh
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India
| | - Nitin E Gade
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Durg, India
| | - Amar Nath
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pawan K Dubey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - T B Sivanarayanan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - D N Madhu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - T R Sreekumar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.
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Maiti S, Ninu AR, Remya V, Sivanarayanan TB, Cherian S, Kumar D, Amarpal A. Stem cell therapy in animal models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases: therapeutic role, challenges and perspectives. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2014. [DOI: 10.5455/javar.2014.a17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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