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Nguyen KT, Hasegawa M, Nguyen TT, Vo TMT, Tran THT, Ly TLK, Taniguchi T, Hayashidani H. The importance of wild gecko as a source of human Salmonella infection. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1345-1347. [PMID: 29952345 PMCID: PMC6115268 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 201 wild geckos from the region of Mekong Delta, Vietnam were collected to
determine the viable number and survival period of Salmonella in their
feces. Of the 101 samples examined, 24 (23.8%) were Salmonella positive.
These 24 geckos excreted Salmonella in their feces in a range of 1 to 8.6
log CFU/g with a mean of 4.5 ± 3.2 log CFU/g. Among the Salmonella
serovars, Salmonella Weltevreden was the most predominant serovar
(37.5%). Moreover, Salmonella could survive for 6 weeks in gecko feces at
room temperature in Vietnam. These results indicate that the wild gecko seems to play an
important role as a reservoir for Salmonella and a source of
Salmonella infection in humans in Southeast Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Thuan Nguyen
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hasegawa
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Thu Tam Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho city, Vietnam
| | - Thi Minh Tam Vo
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Thi Hong To Tran
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Thi Lien Khai Ly
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho city, Vietnam
| | - Takahide Taniguchi
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashidani
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Tran THT, Everaert N, Bindelle J. Review on the effects of potential prebiotics on controlling intestinal enteropathogens Salmonella and Escherichia coli in pig production. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 102:17-32. [PMID: 28028851 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotypes (Salmonella sp.) are the second cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in humans after campylobacteriosis. Pork is the third most important cause for outbreak-associated salmonellosis, and colibacillosis is the most important disease in piglets and swine. Attachment to host cells, translocation of effector proteins into host cells, invasion and replication in tissues are the vital virulence steps of these pathogens that help them to thrive in the intestinal environment and invade tissues. Feed contamination is an important source for Salmonella infection in pig production. Many on-farm feeding strategies intervene to avoid the introduction of pathogens onto the farm by contaminated feeds or to reduce infection pressure when pathogens are present. Among the latter, prebiotics could be effective at protecting against these enteric bacterial pathogens. Nowadays, a wide range of molecules can potentially serve as prebiotics. Here, we summarize the prevalence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in pigs, understanding of the mechanisms by which pathogens can cause disease, the feed related to pathogen contamination in pigs and detail the mechanisms on which prebiotics are likely to act in order to fulfil their protective action against these pathogens in pig production. Many different mechanisms involve the inhibition of Salmonella and E. coli by prebiotics such as coating the host surface, modulation of intestinal ecology, downregulating the expression of adhesin factors or virulence genes, reinforcing the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H T Tran
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.,AgricultureIsLife, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.,AgricultureIsLife, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - J Bindelle
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium.,AgricultureIsLife, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
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Tran THT, Boudry C, Everaert N, Théwis A, Portetelle D, Daube G, Nezer C, Taminiau B, Bindelle J. Adding mucins to an in vitro batch fermentation model of the large intestine induces changes in microbial population isolated from porcine feces depending on the substrate. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 92:fiv165. [PMID: 26691596 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adding mucus to in vitro fermentation models of the large intestine shows that some genera, namely lactobacilli, are dependent on host-microbiota interactions and that they rely on mucosal layers to increase their activity. This study investigated whether this dependence on mucus is substrate dependent and to what extent other genera are impacted by the presence of mucus. Inulin and cellulose were fermented in vitro by a fecal inoculum from pig in the presence or not of mucin beads in order to compare fermentation patterns and bacterial communities. Mucins increased final gas production with inulin and shifted short-chain fatty acid molar ratios (P < 0.001). Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. decreased with mucins, but Bacteroides spp. increased when inulin was fermented. A more in-depth community analysis indicated that the mucins increased Proteobacteria (0.55 vs 0.25%, P = 0.013), Verrucomicrobia (5.25 vs 0.03%, P = 0.032), Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Akkermansia spp. Proteobacteria (5.67 vs 0.55%, P < 0.001) and Lachnospiraceae (33 vs 10.4%) were promoted in the mucus compared with the broth, while Ruminococcaceae decreased. The introduction of mucins affected many microbial genera and fermentation patterns, but from PCA results, the impact of mucus was independent of the fermentation substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H T Tran
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium Wallonie-Bruxelles International, place Sainctelette 2, B-1080, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Boudry
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - A Théwis
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - D Portetelle
- Animal and Microbial Biology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - G Daube
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | - C Nezer
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | - B Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | - J Bindelle
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Nguyen VAT, Nguyen HQ, Vu TT, Nguyen NAT, Duong CM, Tran THT, Nguyen HV, Dang DA, Bañuls AL. Reduced turn-around time for Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing with a proportional agar microplate assay. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:1084-92. [PMID: 26348263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a major issue worldwide; however, accessibility to drug susceptibility testing (DST) is still limited in developing countries, owing to high costs and complexity. We developed a proportion method on 12-well microplates for DST. The assay reduced the time to results to <12 days and <10 days when bacterial growth was checked with the naked eye or a microscope, respectively. Comparison with the Canetti-Grosset method showed that the results of the two assays almost overlapped (kappa index 0.98 (95% CI 0.91-1.00) for isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin; and kappa index 0.92 (95% CI 0.85-0.99) for ethambutol). The sequencing of genes involved in drug resistance showed similar level of phenotype-genotype agreement between techniques. Finally, measurement of the MICs of rifampicin and ethambutol suggests that the currently used critical ethambutol concentration should be revised, and that the current molecular drug susceptibility tests for rifampicin need to be re-evaluated, as in vitro rifampicin-sensitive isolates could harbour drug resistance-associated mutation(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- V A T Nguyen
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - H Q Nguyen
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier), Centre IRD, Montpellier, France; Department of Biotechnology Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T T Vu
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N A T Nguyen
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - C M Duong
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T H T Tran
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H V Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - D A Dang
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - A-L Bañuls
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam; MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier), Centre IRD, Montpellier, France
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Nishiyama A, Takeshima Y, Zhang Z, Habara Y, Tran THT, Yagi M, Matsuo M. Dystrophin nonsense mutations can generate alternative rescue transcripts in lymphocytes. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 72:717-24. [PMID: 18652600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Secondary alterations in splicing have been reported to produce semi-functional mRNA from several nonsense mutations in the dystrophin gene. Disruptions of exonic splicing enhancers by single nucleotide changes are thought to underlie such alterations. The precise frequencies of such nonsense mutation-dependent splicing alterations, however, remain unknown. Here we analyzed the splicing patterns of dystrophin mRNA in lymphocytes from 38 patients with dystrophinopathies due to nonsense mutations in the dystrophin gene. In seven of the cases (18%), we observed partial skipping of the nonsense-encoding exon. Two of the seven cases, however, exhibited complex activation of a nonsense mutation-created splice site, which resulted in the generation of novel transcripts. Examination of cis-regulatory splicing elements through calculation of splicing probability scores and identification of potential splicing enhancer or silencer sequences failed to disclose a single cause for exon skipping. Remarkably, individual differences in splicing patterns were observed for cells from patients with identical nonsense mutations (C.5899C>T). Although five cases produced semi-functional dystrophin mRNAs, only one of these exhibited a mild clinical course. These results provide important insights about targets for exon skipping induced by candidate antisense oligonucleotides and for ribosomal read-through of nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nishiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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