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Zaiter R, Lancry M, Fargues A, Adamietz F, Dussauze M, Rodriguez V, Poumellec B, Cardinal T. Optical and structural characterization of femtosecond laser written micro-structures in germanate glass. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11050. [PMID: 37422488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35730-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on direct femtosecond laser writing in zinc barium gallo-germanate glasses. A combination of spectroscopic techniques allows to progress in the understanding of the mechanisms taking place depending on the energy. In the first regime (type I, isotropic local index change) up to 0.5 µJ, the main occurrence is the generation of charge traps inspected by luminescence, together with separation of charges detected by polarized second harmonic generation measurements. At higher pulse energies notably at the threshold corresponding to 0.8 µJ or in the second regime (type II modifications corresponding to nanograting formation energy domain), the main occurrence is a chemical change and re-organization of the network evidenced by the appearance of molecular O2 seen in the Raman spectra. In addition, the polarization dependence of the second harmonic generation in type II indicates that the organization of nanogratings may be perturbed by the laser-imprinted electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Zaiter
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, 87 Avenue du Dr Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac, France.
| | - Matthieu Lancry
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay/SP2M/MAP, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Alexandre Fargues
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, 87 Avenue du Dr Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Adamietz
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Marc Dussauze
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Rodriguez
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Poumellec
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay/SP2M/MAP, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, 87 Avenue du Dr Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac, France
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2
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Guérineau T, Aouji S, Morency S, Calzavara F, Larochelle P, Labranche P, Lapointe J, Danto S, Cardinal T, Fargin E, Bernier M, Vallée R, Messaddeq Y. Toward low-loss mid-infrared Ga 2O 3-BaO-GeO 2 optical fibers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3697. [PMID: 36878977 PMCID: PMC9988988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient and compact photonic systems in support of mid-infrared integrated optics is currently facing several challenges. To date, most mid-infrared glass-based devices are employing fluoride or chalcogenide glasses (FCGs). Although the commercialization of FCGs-based optical devices has rapidly grown during the last decade, their development is rather cumbersome due to either poor crystallization and hygroscopicity resilience or poor mechanical-thermal properties of the FCGs. To overcome these issues, the parallel development of heavy-metal oxide optical fiber from the barium-germanium-gallium oxide vitreous system (BGG) has revealed a promising alternative. However, over 30 years of fiber fabrication optimization, the final missing step of drawing BGG fibers with acceptable losses for meters-long active and passive optical devices had not yet been reached. In this article, we first identify the three most important factors that prevent the fabrication of low-loss BGG fibers i.e., surface quality, volumic striae and glass thermal-darkening. Each of the three factors is then addressed in setting up a protocol enabling the fabrication of low-loss optical fibers from gallium-rich BGG glass compositions. Accordingly, to the best of our knowledge, we report the lowest losses ever measured in a BGG glass fiber i.e., down to 200 dB km-1 at 1350 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Guérineau
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Samar Aouji
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- ICMCB, UMR 5026, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Steeve Morency
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Florian Calzavara
- ICMCB, UMR 5026, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Larochelle
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Philippe Labranche
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jerome Lapointe
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain Danto
- ICMCB, UMR 5026, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- ICMCB, UMR 5026, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Evelyne Fargin
- ICMCB, UMR 5026, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Martin Bernier
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Réal Vallée
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Younès Messaddeq
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Rouzé l’Alzit F, Cardinal T, Vignoles GL, Bonnet É, Gaudon M. Thermal History Mapping in Powder Bed Laser Sintering at the Micrometer Scale. ACS Omega 2022; 7:42801-42808. [PMID: 36467937 PMCID: PMC9713893 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A thermal sensor was used to better understand parameters which influenced the interaction between a laser beam and a 0.5% Mn-doped ZnAl2.2O4 material, especially the laser defocusing parameter. The optical properties of the material depend on whether the Mn2+ ions occupy octahedral and/or tetrahedral sites depending on thermal history. A screen printing process is performed to obtain material thin films. Laser irradiation of the films was carried out (patterning 1 cm length single laser track) with different z defocusing heights. Luminescence properties around laser tracks led to the thermal history determination at the micrometer scale. It was shown that spatial thermal gradients defined at the micrometer scale perpendicularly to the borders of the laser tracks could be semiquantified for different z conditions. Laser defocusing leads to decrease thermal gradients as confirmed by thermal modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- CNRS,
Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB (UMR 5026), PessacF-33600, France
| | - Gérard L. Vignoles
- Université
de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Safran: LCTS (UMR5801), PessacF-33600, France
| | - Élise Bonnet
- CNRS,
Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB (UMR 5026), PessacF-33600, France
| | - Manuel Gaudon
- CNRS,
Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB (UMR 5026), PessacF-33600, France
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4
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Strutynski C, Couderc V, Mansuryan T, Santarelli G, Thomas P, Danto S, Cardinal T. Spatial beam reshaping and large-band nonlinear conversion in rectangular-core phosphate glass fibers. Front Optoelectron 2022; 15:4. [PMID: 36637554 PMCID: PMC9756219 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the ability of Nd3+-doped zinc-phosphate glasses to be shaped into rectangular core fibers. At first, the physico-chemical properties of the developed P2O5-based materials are investigated for different concentrations of neodymium oxide and core and cladding glass compositions are selected for further fiber development. A modified stack-and-draw technique is used to produce multimode large rectangular-core optical fibers. Self-guided nonlinear effects acting as spatial beam reshaping processes occurring in these newly-developed photonic structures lead to the generation of spectral broadenings in the visible and near-infrared spectral domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Strutynski
- Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Matter of Bordeaux (ICMCB), Chemistry Department, 33608, Pessac, France
| | - Vincent Couderc
- UMR CNRS 7252, Université de Limoges, XLIM, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Tigran Mansuryan
- UMR CNRS 7252, Université de Limoges, XLIM, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Giorgio Santarelli
- LP2N, Institut d'Optique Graduate School- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Philippe Thomas
- UMR CNRS 7252, Université de Limoges, XLIM, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Sylvain Danto
- Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Matter of Bordeaux (ICMCB), Chemistry Department, 33608, Pessac, France.
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- Institute of Chemistry of the Condensed Matter of Bordeaux (ICMCB), Chemistry Department, 33608, Pessac, France
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Giroire B, Garcia A, Marre S, Cardinal T, Aymonier C. Chemistry Platform for the Ultrafast Continuous Synthesis of High-Quality III-V Quantum Dots. Chemistry 2021; 27:12965-12970. [PMID: 34278628 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A chemistry platform for the fast continuous synthesis of III-V quantum dots is demonstrated. III-nitride QDs are prepared by using short residence times (less than 30 s) in a one-step continuous process with supercritical solvents. GaN QDs prepared via this route exhibit strong UV photoluminescence with a structuring of the emission signal at low temperature (5 K), confirming their high quality. An example of metal site substitution is given with the synthesis of Inx Ga1-x N solid solution. A continuous bandgap shift towards lower energies is demonstrated when increasing the indium content with strong photoluminescence signals from UV to visible. The chemistry platform proposed could be easily extrapolated to binary and ternary III phosphides or arsenides with the homologous V source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Giroire
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Alain Garcia
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Samuel Marre
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux - UMR 5026, 87, Avenue du Docteur Schweitzer, 33608, Pessac cedex, France
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Hongisto M, Veber A, Petit Y, Cardinal T, Danto S, Jubera V, Petit L. Radiation-Induced Defects and Effects in Germanate and Tellurite Glasses. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E3846. [PMID: 32878282 PMCID: PMC7504562 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the radiation-induced changes in germanate and tellurite glasses. These glasses have been of great interest due to their remarkable potential for photonics, in terms of extended transmission window in the mid-infrared, ability of rare-earth loading suitable with a laser, and amplification in the near- and mid-infrared or high nonlinear optical properties. Here, we summarize information about possible radiation-induced defects, mechanisms of their formation, and the influence of the glass composition on this process. Special attention is paid to laser-induced structural modification of these glasses, including possible mechanisms of the laser-glass interaction, laser-induced crystallization, and waveguide writing. It is shown that these methods can be used for photostructuring of the glass and have great potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Hongisto
- Photonics Laboratory, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland; (A.V.); (L.P.)
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France; (Y.P.); (T.C.); (S.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Alexander Veber
- Photonics Laboratory, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland; (A.V.); (L.P.)
| | - Yannick Petit
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France; (Y.P.); (T.C.); (S.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France; (Y.P.); (T.C.); (S.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Sylvain Danto
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France; (Y.P.); (T.C.); (S.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Veronique Jubera
- CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, F-33600 Pessac, France; (Y.P.); (T.C.); (S.D.); (V.J.)
| | - Laeticia Petit
- Photonics Laboratory, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland; (A.V.); (L.P.)
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Strutynski C, Teulé-Gay L, Danto S, Cardinal T. Optical Emission Detector Based on Plasma Discharge Generation at the Tip of a Multimaterial Fiber. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20082353. [PMID: 32326235 PMCID: PMC7219228 DOI: 10.3390/s20082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental development of a compact optical emission detector based on the assembly of a polymer-metal and a standard silica fiber is presented in this paper. This device is exploited in a proof-of-principle experiment for gas detection application by means of plasma spectroscopy in the visible-Near Infrared spectral region. A multimode fiber (MMF) is associated with a functional hollow dual-electrodes elongated structure fabricated by the direct preform-to-fiber homothetic co-drawing. A potential of 1.5 kV is applied between the two electrodes embedded inside the composite cladding, which generates an atmospheric pressure dc glow discharge at the tip of the fiber bundle. The emitted light is then collected by the MMF for optical diagnostics. Probing of different atmospheres is presented at the end of this study.
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Bourdin M, Gaudon M, Weill F, Duttine M, Gayot M, Messaddeq Y, Cardinal T. Nanoparticles (NPs) of WO 3-x Compounds by Polyol Route with Enhanced Photochromic Properties. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9111555. [PMID: 31683876 PMCID: PMC6915692 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is well-known as one of the most promising chromogenic compounds. It has a drastic change of coloration induced from different external stimuli and so its applications are developed as gas sensors, electrochromic panels or photochromic sensors. This paper focuses on the photochromic properties of nanoWO3, with tunable composition (with tunable oxygen sub-stoichiometry). Three reference samples with yellow, blue and black colors were prepared from polyol synthesis followed by post annealing under air, none post-annealing treatment, or a post-annealing under argon atmosphere. These three samples differ in terms of crystallographic structure (cubic system versus monoclinic system), oxygen vacancy concentration, electronic band diagram with occurrence of free or trapped electrons and their photochromic behavior. Constituting one main finding, it is shown that the photochromic behavior is highly dependent on the compound’s composition/color. Rapid and important change of coloration under UV (ultraviolet) irradiation was evidenced especially on the blue compound, i.e., the photochromic coloring efficiency of this compound in terms of contrast between bleached and colored phase, as the kinetic aspect is high. The photochromism is reversible in a few hours. This hence opens a new window for the use of tungsten oxide as smart photochromic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bourdin
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR5026, 87 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608 F-Pessac CEDEX, France.
- Department of Physics, Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Laval University, 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V-0A6, Canada.
| | - Manuel Gaudon
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR5026, 87 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608 F-Pessac CEDEX, France.
| | - François Weill
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR5026, 87 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608 F-Pessac CEDEX, France.
| | - Mathieu Duttine
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR5026, 87 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608 F-Pessac CEDEX, France.
| | - Marion Gayot
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, PLACAMAT UMS 3626, 87 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608 F-Pessac CEDEX, France.
| | - Younes Messaddeq
- Department of Physics, Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Laval University, 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V-0A6, Canada.
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR5026, 87 Avenue du Dr. Albert Schweitzer, 33608 F-Pessac CEDEX, France.
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Petit Y, Park CH, Mok JM, Smetanina E, Chimier B, Duchateau G, Cardinal T, Canioni L, Park SH. Ultrashort laser induced spatial redistribution of silver species and nano-patterning of etching selectivity in silver-containing glasses. Opt Express 2019; 27:13675-13680. [PMID: 31163827 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.013675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser-induced spatial redistribution of silver species (ions, clusters, and hole centers) in a silver-containing phosphate glass is investigated by correlative means of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) images, numerical simulations, chemical micro-probe analysis, and nanoscale spatial profiles after soft etching. In particular, we found that the chemical etching selectivity for nanoscale patterning is strongly dependent upon the irradiation of femtosecond laser due to the spatial redistribution of silver species within the affected area. These results strongly indicate that controlling the distribution of silver species by femtosecond laser irradiation may open new routes for surface nanoscale chemical and/or spatial patterning for the fabrication of 2D surface photonic crystals.
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Abou Khalil A, Bérubé JP, Danto S, Desmoulin JC, Cardinal T, Petit Y, Vallée R, Canioni L. Direct laser writing of a new type of waveguides in silver containing glasses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11124. [PMID: 28894275 PMCID: PMC5593842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct laser writing in glasses is a growing field of research in photonics since it provides a robust and efficient way to directly address 3D material structuring. Generally, direct laser writing in glasses induces physical modifications such as refractive index changes that have been classified under three different types (Type I, II & III). In a silver-containing zinc phosphate glass, direct laser writing additionally proceeds via the formation of silver clusters at the periphery of the interaction voxel. In this paper, we introduce a novel type of refractive index modification based on the creation of the photo-induced silver clusters allowing the inscription of a new type of optical waveguides. Various waveguides as well as a 50-50 beam splitter were written inside bulk glasses and characterized. The waveguiding properties observed in the bulk of such silver-containing glass samples were further transposed to ribbon shaped fibers made of the same material. Our results pave the way for the fabrication of 3D integrated circuits and fiber sensors with original fluorescent, nonlinear optical and plasmonic properties. The universality of these new findings should further extend in any silver-containing glasses that show similar laser-induced behavior in terms of silver cluster production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Abou Khalil
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 351 cours de la libération, F-33405, Talence cedex, France.,Centre d'optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-Philippe Bérubé
- Centre d'optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Sylvain Danto
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 0948, 87 avenue du Dr Schweitzer, F-33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Jean-Charles Desmoulin
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 0948, 87 avenue du Dr Schweitzer, F-33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 0948, 87 avenue du Dr Schweitzer, F-33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Yannick Petit
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 351 cours de la libération, F-33405, Talence cedex, France.,University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 0948, 87 avenue du Dr Schweitzer, F-33608, Pessac cedex, France
| | - Réal Vallée
- Centre d'optique, photonique et laser (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Lionel Canioni
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 351 cours de la libération, F-33405, Talence cedex, France.
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Lee E, Petit Y, Brasselet E, Cardinal T, Park SH, Canioni L. Sub-diffraction-limited fluorescent patterns by tightly focusing polarized femtosecond vortex beams in a silver-containing glass. Opt Express 2017; 25:10565-10573. [PMID: 28468429 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report that the shape and size of fluorescent patterns can be controlled by the focused laser intensity distribution, which depends on irradiation conditions as well as on the spin and orbital angular momenta being carried by light, inducing the formation of silver cluster patterns in a silver-containing zinc phosphate glass. In particular, we demonstrate that sub-diffraction-limited inner structures of fluorescent patterns can be generated by direct laser writing (DLW) with tightly focused femtosecond laser vortex beams as Laguerre-Gauss modes (LG0l) with linear and left-handed circular polarizations. We believe this technique, further combined with dual-color DLW, can be useful and powerful for developing structured light enabled nanostructures.
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Smetanina EO, Chimier B, Petit Y, Royon A, Cardinal T, Canioni L, Duchateau G. Laser writing of nonlinear optical properties in silver-doped phosphate glass. Opt Lett 2017; 42:1688-1691. [PMID: 28454136 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of both local second- and third-harmonic generations (SHG and THG) induced by a train of femtosecond laser pulses in silver-doped phosphate glasses is addressed. Based on modeling calculations, including various diffusion and kinetic processes, THG is shown to result from the formation of silver clusters. The latter organize into a ring-shape structure, leading to the emergence of a static electric field. By breaking the glass centro-symmetry, this field gives rise to a local effective second-order susceptibility, inducing SHG. Both theoretically predicted SHG and THG evolutions with respect to the number of pulses in the train are in good agreement with experimental observations. In particular, the observed reaching of a maximum in the nonlinear optical responses after a few thousands of pulses is explained by the competition of various physical processes. A cooling of the glass is shown to improve the process efficiency of the laser writing of second-order nonlinearity.
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Lepicard A, Cardinal T, Fargin E, Adamietz F, Rodriguez V, Richardson K, Dussauze M. Micro-structuring the surface reactivity of a borosilicate glass via thermal poling. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Abstract
GaN quantum dots (QDs) are prepared in a one-step continuous process using anhydrous solvents at supercritical conditions (and temperatures below 450 °C) in short residence times, typically less than 25 s.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Marre
- CNRS
- ICMCB
- UPR 9048
- F-33600 Pessac
- France
| | - A. Garcia
- CNRS
- ICMCB
- UPR 9048
- F-33600 Pessac
- France
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15
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Petit Y, Mishchik K, Varkentina N, Marquestaut N, Royon A, Manek-Hönninger I, Cardinal T, Canioni L. Dual-color control and inhibition of direct laser writing in silver-containing phosphate glasses. Opt Lett 2015; 40:4134-4137. [PMID: 26368730 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.004134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on dual-color control of femtosecond direct laser writing (DLW) in a noncommercial silver-containing zinc phosphate glass, thanks to an additional illumination with a cw (continuous wave) UV laser, either after the femtosecond irradiation or simultaneously. By tuning the cw UV power, we demonstrate the tunable control and inhibition of the production efficiency of laser-induced fluorescent silver clusters, leading up to 100% inhibition for simultaneous co-illumination when the laser writing is performed close enough to the permanent structuring threshold. The role of the cw UV illumination is discussed in terms of inhibition of the silver cluster precursors or of dissolution of the laser-induced silver clusters. These results show the ability of laser writing inhibition in our photosensitive silver-containing phosphate glass, which is a necessary step to further develop super-resolution laser writing approaches, such as STED-like DLW, either of fluorescent silver clusters or of silver metallic nanoparticles with plasmonic properties.
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16
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Mishchik K, Petit Y, Brasselet E, Royon A, Cardinal T, Canioni L. Patterning linear and nonlinear optical properties of photosensitive glasses by femtosecond structured light. Opt Lett 2015; 40:201-4. [PMID: 25679844 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on structured light-induced femtosecond direct laser writing (DLW) under tight focusing in non-commercial silver-containing zinc phosphate glass, which leads to original patterns of fluorescent silver clusters. These fluorescence topologies show unique features of frustrated diffusion of charged species, giving rise to distorted silver cluster spatial distributions. Fluorescence and second harmonic generation correlative microscopy demonstrate the realization of structured light-induced direct laser poling, resulting from a laser-induced permanent and stable electric field buried inside the modified glass. Thus, structured light-induced DLW remarkably enables both linear and nonlinear patterning. This work highlights the interest of optical phase engineering to obtain nontrivial beam profiles and subsequent photo-induced patterns that cannot be reached under Gaussian beam irradiation.
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17
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Vangheluwe M, Liang F, Petit Y, Hée P, Ledemi Y, Thomas S, Fargin E, Cardinal T, Messaddeq Y, Canioni L, Vallée R. Enhancement of nanograting formation assisted by silver ions in a sodium gallophosphate glass. Opt Lett 2014; 39:5491-5494. [PMID: 25360910 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.005491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of silver ions during the direct femtosecond laser-induced formation of nanogratings (NGs) at the surface of a tailored sodium gallophosphate glass. We observed that the silver ions had a remarkable influence because the silver-containing glass showed (1) lower fluence thresholds for the formation of the NGs; (2) much smoother NG shapes; and (3) a bifunctional behavior because fluorescence from laser-induced silver clusters occurs prior to the formation of the NGs. We demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, the formation of NGs assisted by noble metal ions, such as ions playing a kind of catalytic-like role that enhances and improves the NG formation and its incubation process. Our innovative approach provides promising potential for further improvements in processes for NG formation.
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18
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Varkentina N, Cardinal T, Moroté F, Mounaix P, André P, Deshayes Y, Canioni L. Examination of femtosecond laser matter interaction in multipulse regime for surface nanopatterning of vitreous substrates. Opt Express 2013; 21:29090-29100. [PMID: 24514460 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.029090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents our results on laser micro- and nanostructuring of sodium aluminosilicate glass for the permanent storage purposes and photonics applications. Surface structuring is realized by fs laser irradiation followed by the subsequent etching in a potassium hydroxide (10M@80 °C) for 1 to 10 minutes. As the energy deposited is lower than the damage and/or ablation threshold, the chemical etching permits to produce small craters in the laser modified region. The laser parameters dependent interaction regimes are revealed by microscopic analysis (SEM and AFM). The influence of etching time on craters formation is investigated under different incident energies, number of pulses and polarization states.
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19
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Marquestaut N, Dussauze M, Petit Y, Royon A, Jubera V, Veber P, Couzi M, Rodriguez V, Cardinal T, Canioni L. Raman and fluorescence correlative microscopy in polarized light to probe local femtosecond laser-induced amorphization of the doped monoclinic crystal LYB:Eu. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Massera J, Petit L, Cardinal T, Videau JJ, Hupa M, Hupa L. Thermal properties and surface reactivity in simulated body fluid of new strontium ion-containing phosphate glasses. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2013; 24:1407-1416. [PMID: 23512152 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the effect of SrO substitution for CaO in 50P₂O₅-10Na₂-(40-x)CaO-xSrO glass system (x from 0 to 40) on the thermal and structural properties and also on the glass reactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF) in order to find new glass candidates for biomedical glass fibers. The addition of SrO at the expense of CaO seems to restrain the leaching of phosphate ions in the solution limiting the reduction of the solution pH. We observed the formation of an apatite layer at the surface of the glasses when in contact with SBF. SrO and MgO were found in the apatite layer of the strontium ion-containing glasses, the concentration of which increases with an increase of SrO content. We think that it is the presence of MgO and SrO in the layer which limits the leaching of phosphate in the solution and thus the glass dissolution in SBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Massera
- Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, 20500 Turku, Finland.
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21
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Petit Y, Royon A, Marquestaut N, Dussauze M, Fargues A, Veber P, Jubera V, Cardinal T, Canioni L. Two-photon excited fluorescence in the LYB:Eu monoclinic crystal: towards a new scheme of single-beam dual-voxel direct laser writing in crystals. Opt Express 2013; 21:822-833. [PMID: 23388975 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on two-photon excited fluorescence in the oriented Eu(3+)doped LYB monoclinic crystal under femtosecond laser tight focusing. Due to spatial walk-off, the two polarization modes of the incident femtosecond beam simultaneously provide the independent excitation of two distinct focuses, leading to a single-beam dual-voxel nonlinear excitation of fluorescence below material modification threshold. These observations emphasize on the anisotropy of both two-photon absorption as well as fluorescence emission. They demonstrate the localized control of the nonlinear energy deposit, thanks to the adjustment of both the input power and polarization, by properly balancing the injected energy in each voxel. Such approach should be considered for future direct laser writing of waveguides in propagation directions out of the dielectric axes, so as to optimally cope with the highly probable anisotropy of laser-induced material modification thresholds in these crystals. These results open new ways for further potential developments in direct laser writing as the simultaneous inscription of double-line structures for original waveguides processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Petit
- Université Bordeaux, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France.
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22
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Allix M, Alahrache S, Fayon F, Suchomel M, Porcher F, Cardinal T, Matzen G. Highly transparent BaAl₄O₇ polycrystalline ceramic obtained by full crystallization from glass. Adv Mater 2012; 24:5570-5. [PMID: 22899502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Allix
- CNRS, UPR3079 CEMHTI, 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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23
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Choi J, Bellec M, Royon A, Bourhis K, Papon G, Cardinal T, Canioni L, Richardson M. Three-dimensional direct femtosecond laser writing of second-order nonlinearities in glass. Opt Lett 2012; 37:1029-1031. [PMID: 22446213 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that direct femtosecond laser writing in silver-containing zinc and gallium phosphate glass enables generation of three-dimensional (3D) optical second-order nonlinear microstructures having an χ(2) value about 2.5 times that of quartz. The proposed physical model involves photo-reduction, photo-dissociation, and migration of silver species within the glass matrix. 3D laser-written second-order nonlinear structures could become a new class of nonlinear optical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Choi
- Townes Laser Institute, CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2700, USA
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24
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Assaf BA, Cardinal T, Wei P, Katmis F, Moodera JS, Heiman D. Modified electrical transport probe design for standard magnetometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:033904. [PMID: 22462935 DOI: 10.1063/1.3697998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Making electrical transport measurements on a material is often a time consuming process that involves testing a large number of samples. It is thus inconvenient to wire up and rewire samples onto a sample probe. We therefore present a method of modifying Quantum Design's MPMS SQUID magnetometer transport probe that simplifies the process of sample mounting. One of the difficulties to overcome is the small diameter of the sample space. A small socket is designed and mounted on the probe so that various samples mounted on individual headers can be readily exchanged in the socket. We also present some test results on the topological insulator Bi(2)Te(2)Se using the modified probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Assaf
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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25
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Roig Y, Marre S, Cardinal T, Aymonier C. Synthesis of Exciton Luminescent ZnO Nanocrystals Using Continuous Supercritical Microfluidics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:12071-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Roig Y, Marre S, Cardinal T, Aymonier C. Synthesis of Exciton Luminescent ZnO Nanocrystals Using Continuous Supercritical Microfluidics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Leroy CM, Wang HF, Fargues A, Cardinal T, Jubera V, Treguer-Delapierre M, Boissière C, Grosso D, Sanchez C, Viana B, Pellé F. Emission-photoactivity cross-processing of mesoporous interfacial charge transfer in Eu3+ doped titania. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:11878-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02509g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Royon A, Bourhis K, Bellec M, Papon G, Bousquet B, Deshayes Y, Cardinal T, Canioni L. Silver clusters embedded in glass as a perennial high capacity optical recording medium. Adv Mater 2010; 22:5282-6. [PMID: 20957765 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201002413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Royon
- Centre de Physique Moléculaire Optique et Hertzienne, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
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29
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Aubert T, Grasset F, Potel M, Nazabal V, Cardinal T, Pechev S, Saito N, Ohashi N, Haneda H. Synthesis and characterization of Eu 3+, Ti 4+ @ ZnO organosols and nanocrystalline c-ZnTiO 3 thin films aiming at high transparency and luminescence. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2010; 11:044401. [PMID: 27877348 PMCID: PMC5090339 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/11/4/044401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
By exploiting colloidal properties, such as transparency, rheology and versatile chemistry, we propose to synthesize new photonic nanomaterials based on colloidal solutions and thin films. This contribution highlights our efforts to elaborate and to characterize nanostructures based on the ZnO-TiO2 system. Using a recently developed sol-gel route to synthesize new Ti4+@ZnO organosols, we were able to prepare, at relatively low temperature (400 °C) and short annealing time (15 min), highly transparent, luminescent, nanocrystalline Eu3+ doped c-ZnTiO3 thin films. The organosols and thin films were characterized with UV-visible-near infrared absorption, ellipsometry, photoluminescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangi Aubert
- Université de Rennes 1, Unité Science Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-UR1, Campus de Beaulieu, CS74205, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Fabien Grasset
- Université de Rennes 1, Unité Science Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-UR1, Campus de Beaulieu, CS74205, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Michel Potel
- Université de Rennes 1, Unité Science Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-UR1, Campus de Beaulieu, CS74205, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Nazabal
- Université de Rennes 1, Unité Science Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-UR1, Campus de Beaulieu, CS74205, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Cardinal
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, 87 avenue du Dr A Schweitzer, Pessac, F-33608, France
| | - Stanislav Pechev
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, 87 avenue du Dr A Schweitzer, Pessac, F-33608, France
| | - Noriko Saito
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohashi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hajime Haneda
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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30
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Petit L, Abel J, Anderson T, Choi J, Nazabal V, Moizan V, Couzi M, Richardson M, Maurel C, Cardinal T, Richardson K. Processing and characterization of new passive and active oxysulfide glasses in the Ge–Ga–Sb–S–O system. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2009.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Bellec M, Royon A, Bousquet B, Bourhis K, Treguer M, Cardinal T, Richardson M, Canioni L. Beat the diffraction limit in 3D direct laser writing in photosensitive glass. Opt Express 2009; 17:10304-10318. [PMID: 19506684 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.010304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) femtosecond laser direct structuring in transparent materials is widely used for photonic applications. However, the structure size is limited by the optical diffraction. Here we report on a direct laser writing technique that produces subwavelength nanostructures independently of the experimental limiting factors. We demonstrate 3D nanostructures of arbitrary patterns with feature sizes down to 80 nm, less than one tenth of the laser processing wavelength. Its ease of implementation for novel nanostructuring, with its accompanying high precision will open new opportunities for the fabrication of nanostructures for plasmonic and photonic devices and for applications in metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Bellec
- Centre de Physique Moléculaire Optique et Hertzienne, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.
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32
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Leroy CM, Cardinal T, Jubera V, Treguer-Delapierre M, Majimel J, Manaud JP, Backov R, Boissière C, Grosso D, Sanchez C, Viana B, Pellé F. Europium-doped mesoporous titania thin films: rare-earth locations and emission fluctuations under illumination. Chemphyschem 2009; 9:2077-84. [PMID: 18821539 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, Eu(III)-doped 3D mesoscopically ordered arrays of mesoporous and nanocrystalline titania are prepared and studied. The rare-earth-doped titania thin films-synthesized via evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA)-are characterized by using environmental ellipsoporosimetry, electronic microscopy (i.e. high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, HR-SEM, and transmission electron microscopy, HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction, and luminescence spectroscopy. Structural characterizations show that high europium-ion loadings can be incorporated into the titanium-dioxide walls without destroying the mesoporous arrangement. The luminescence properties of Eu(III) are investigated by using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy via excitation of the Eu(III) ions through the titania host. Using Eu(III) luminescence as a probe, the europium-ion sites can be addressed with at least two different environments within the mesoporous framework, namely, a nanocrystalline environment and a glasslike one. Emission fluctuations ((5)D(0)-->(7)F(2)) are observed upon continuous UV excitation in the host matrix. These fluctuations are attributed to charge trapping and appear to be strongly dependent on the amount of europium and the level of crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Marie Leroy
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac, France.
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Canioni L, Bellec M, Royon A, Bousquet B, Cardinal T. Three-dimensional optical data storage using third-harmonic generation in silver zinc phosphate glass. Opt Lett 2008; 33:360-362. [PMID: 18278110 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the possibility of three-dimensional optical data storage inside a specific zinc phosphate glass containing silver by using third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging. Information is stored inside the glass with femtosecond laser irradiation below the refractive index modification threshold. We use the same laser for THG readout. The capability of storage with this technique is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Canioni
- Centre de Physique Moléculaire Optique et Hertzienne, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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34
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Glaria A, Kahn ML, Cardinal T, Senocq F, Jubera V, Chaudret B. Lithium ion as growth-controlling agent of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by organometallic synthesis. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b715583b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Manek-Hönninger I, Boullet J, Cardinal T, Guillen F, Ermeneux S, Podgorski M, Bello Doua R, Salin F. Photodarkening and photobleaching of an ytterbium-doped silica double-clad LMA fiber. Opt Express 2007; 15:1606-1611. [PMID: 19532394 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied the temporal evolution of the photodarkening effect in an Yb-doped silica LMA fiber. The absorption spectra exhibit an increase in absorption in the visible and in the near infrared spectral range when the fiber is exposed to pump light around 980 nm. We show the influence of the photodarkening on the cw lasing properties of the fiber, and demonstrate photobleaching of the same fiber by exposure to UV light at 355 nm. The corresponding absorption spectra and lasing performances are shown and are entirely comparable to those of a new fiber.
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36
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Guillon C, Langot P, Del Fatti N, Vallée F, Kirakosyan AS, Shahbazyan TV, Cardinal T, Treguer M. Coherent acoustic vibration of metal nanoshells. Nano Lett 2007; 7:138-42. [PMID: 17212453 DOI: 10.1021/nl062380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Using time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy, we have performed the first investigation of the vibrational modes of gold nanoshells. The fundamental isotropic mode launched by a femtosecond pump pulse manifests itself in a pronounced time-domain modulation of the differential transmission probed at the frequency of nanoshell surface plasmon resonance. The modulation amplitude is significantly stronger, and the period is longer than that in a gold nanoparticle of the same overall size, in agreement with theoretical calculations. This distinct acoustical signature of nanoshells provides a new and efficient method for identifying these versatile nanostructures and for studying their mechanical and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guillon
- Centre de Physique Moléculaire Optique et Hertzienne CNRS and Université Bordeaux I, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
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37
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Kahn ML, Cardinal T, Bousquet B, Monge M, Jubera V, Chaudret B. Optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles and nanorods synthesized using an organometallic method. Chemphyschem 2006. [PMID: 15688650 DOI: 10.1002/(issn)1439-7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The emission properties of nanocrystalline ZnO particles prepared following an organometallic synthetic method are investigated. Spherical particles and nanorods are studied. The shape of the particles and the ligands used are shown to influence the luminescence properties in the visible domain. Two different emissions are observed at 440 nm (approximately 2.82 eV) and at 580 nm (approximately 2.14 eV) that are associated with the presence of surface defects on the particles. The first emission corresponds to the well-known yellow emission located at 580 nm (approximately 2.14 eV) with a lifetime of 1850 ns for 4.0 nm size ZnO nanoparticles. The second emission at 440 nm (approximately 2.82 eV) is observed when amine functions are present. This strong blue emission is associated with an excitation energy less than that associated with the yellow emission displaying a lifetime of nine nanoseconds. A possible hole trapping effect by the amine groups on the surface of the ZnO particles is discussed as the origin of this emission. The modification of the intensities between the two visible emissions for different particle shapes is proposed to be related to a specific location of the amine ligands on the surface of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrtil L Kahn
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France.
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38
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Kahn ML, Cardinal T, Bousquet B, Monge M, Jubera V, Chaudret B. Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Nanorods Synthesized Using an Organometallic Method. Chemphyschem 2006; 7:2392-7. [PMID: 17051655 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The emission properties of nanocrystalline ZnO particles prepared following an organometallic synthetic method are investigated. Spherical particles and nanorods are studied. The shape of the particles and the ligands used are shown to influence the luminescence properties in the visible domain. Two different emissions are observed at 440 nm (approximately 2.82 eV) and at 580 nm (approximately 2.14 eV) that are associated with the presence of surface defects on the particles. The first emission corresponds to the well-known yellow emission located at 580 nm (approximately 2.14 eV) with a lifetime of 1850 ns for 4.0 nm size ZnO nanoparticles. The second emission at 440 nm (approximately 2.82 eV) is observed when amine functions are present. This strong blue emission is associated with an excitation energy less than that associated with the yellow emission displaying a lifetime of nine nanoseconds. A possible hole trapping effect by the amine groups on the surface of the ZnO particles is discussed as the origin of this emission. The modification of the intensities between the two visible emissions for different particle shapes is proposed to be related to a specific location of the amine ligands on the surface of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrtil L Kahn
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France.
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Je KC, Ju H, Treguer M, Cardinal T, Park SH. Local field-induced optical properties of Ag-coated CdS quantum dots. Opt Express 2006; 14:7994-8000. [PMID: 19529169 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.007994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Local field-induced optical properties of Ag-coated CdS quantum dot structures are investigated. We experimentally observe a clear exciton peak due to the quantum confinement effect in uncoated CdS quantum dots, and surface plasmon resonance and red-shifted exciton peak in Ag-coated CdS composite quantum dot structures. We have calculated the Stark shift of the exciton peak as a function of the local field for different silver thicknesses and various sizes of quantum dots based on the effective-mass Hamiltonian using the numerical-matrix-diagonalization method. Our theoretical calculations strongly indicate that the exciton peak is red-shifted in the metal-semiconductor composite quantum dots due to a strong local field, i.e., the quantum confined Stark effect.
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Rivero C, Stegeman R, Couzi M, Talaga D, Cardinal T, Richardson K, Stegeman G. Resolved discrepancies between visible spontaneous Raman cross-section and direct near-infrared Raman gain measurements in TeO2-based glasses. Opt Express 2005; 13:4759-4769. [PMID: 19495394 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.004759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Disagreements on the Raman gain response of different tellurite-based glasses, measured at different wavelengths, have been recently reported in the literature. In order to resolve this controversy, a multi-wavelength Raman cross-section experiment was conducted on two different TeO2-based glass samples. The estimated Raman gain response of the material shows good agreement with the directly-measured Raman gain data at 1064 nm, after correction for the dispersion and wavelength-dependence of the Raman gain process.
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Stegeman R, Rivero C, Richardson K, Stegeman G, Delfyett P, Guo Y, Pope A, Schulte A, Cardinal T, Thomas P, Champarnaud-Mesjard JC. Raman gain measurements of thallium-tellurium oxide glasses. Opt Express 2005; 13:1144-1149. [PMID: 19494983 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Several different compositions of tellurium-thallium oxide glasses were fabricated and tested for their Raman gain performance. The addition of PbO to the glass matrix increased the surface optical damage threshold by 60-230%. The maximum material Raman gain coefficient experimentally obtained was (58 +/- 3) times higher than the peak Raman gain of a 3.18 mm thick Corning 7980-2F fused silica sample (Deltanu = 13.2 THz). The highest peak in the Raman gain spectrum of the tellurium-thallium glass is attributed to the presence of TeO3 and TeO3+1 structural units with thallium ions in the vicinity at a frequency shift near 21.3 THz.
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Rocco F, Jain AK, Treguer M, Cardinal T, Yotte S, Le Coustumer P, Lee CY, Park SH, Choi JG. Optical response of silver coating on CdS colloids. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Puhl SM, Maliszewski AF, Varela J, Cardinal T, Tompkins C, Vahdat A. Accuracy of 1-RM Estimation Across Sex and Fitness Groups. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200405001-01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stegeman R, Jankovic L, Kim H, Rivero C, Stegeman G, Richardson K, Delfyett P, Guo Y, Schulte A, Cardinal T. Tellurite glasses with peak absolute Raman gain coefficients up to 30 times that of fused silica. Opt Lett 2003; 28:1126-1128. [PMID: 12879929 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.001126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An experimental system has been assembled to measure the absolute values of the Raman gain spectrum for millimeter-thick glass samples. Results are reported for two new oxide glasses with Raman gain coefficients as much as 30 times larger than that of fused silica and more than twice its spectral coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stegeman
- School of Optics/Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32816-2700, USA.
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