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Ballet V, Bohme GA, Brohan E, Boukaiba R, Chambard JM, Angouillant-Boniface O, Carriot T, Chantoiseau C, Fouconnier S, Houtmann S, Prévost C, Schombert B, Schio L, Partiseti M. In vitro ion channel profile and ex vivo cardiac electrophysiology properties of the R(-) and S(+) enantiomers of hydroxychloroquine. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 915:174670. [PMID: 34863995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a derivative of the antimalaria drug chloroquine primarily prescribed for autoimmune diseases. Recent attempts to repurpose HCQ in the treatment of corona virus disease 2019 has raised concerns because of its propensity to prolong the QT-segment on the electrocardiogram, an effect associated with increased pro-arrhythmic risk. Since chirality can affect drug pharmacological properties, we have evaluated the functional effects of the R(-) and S(+) enantiomers of HCQ on six ion channels contributing to the cardiac action potential and on electrophysiological parameters of isolated Purkinje fibers. We found that R(-)HCQ and S(+)HCQ block human Kir2.1 and hERG potassium channels in the 1 μM-100 μM range with a 2-4 fold enantiomeric separation. NaV1.5 sodium currents and CaV1.2 calcium currents, as well as KV4.3 and KV7.1 potassium currents remained unaffected at up to 90 μM. In rabbit Purkinje fibers, R(-)HCQ prominently depolarized the membrane resting potential, inducing autogenic activity at 10 μM and 30 μM, while S(+)HCQ primarily increased the action potential duration, inducing occasional early afterdepolarization at these concentrations. These data suggest that both enantiomers of HCQ can alter cardiac tissue electrophysiology at concentrations above their plasmatic levels at therapeutic doses, and that chirality does not substantially influence their arrhythmogenic potential in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ballet
- Preclinical Safety Investigative Toxicology, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - G Andrees Bohme
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Eric Brohan
- Early Development, Advanced Preparative Chromatography, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Rachid Boukaiba
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Marie Chambard
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Thierry Carriot
- Preclinical Safety Investigative Toxicology, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Céline Chantoiseau
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sophie Fouconnier
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sylvie Houtmann
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Céline Prévost
- Early Development, Advanced Preparative Chromatography, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Brigitte Schombert
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurent Schio
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Michel Partiseti
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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Le Marois M, Ballet V, Sanson C, Maizières MA, Carriot T, Chantoiseau C, Partiseti M, Bohme GA. Cannabidiol inhibits multiple cardiac ion channels and shortens ventricular action potential duration in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173542. [PMID: 32910945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive component of Cannabis which has recently received regulatory consideration for the treatment of intractable forms of epilepsy such as the Dravet and the Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. The mechanisms of the antiepileptic effects of CBD are unclear, but several pre-clinical studies suggest the involvement of ion channels. Therefore, we have evaluated the effects of CBD on seven major cardiac currents shaping the human ventricular action potential and on Purkinje fibers isolated from rabbit hearts to assess the in vitro cardiac safety profile of CBD. We found that CBD inhibits with comparable micromolar potencies the peak and late components of the NaV1.5 sodium current, the CaV1.2 mediated L-type calcium current, as well as all the repolarizing potassium currents examined except Kir2.1. The most sensitive channels were KV7.1 and the least sensitive were KV11.1 (hERG), which underly the slow (IKs) and rapid (IKr) components, respectively, of the cardiac delayed-rectifier current. In the Purkinje fibers, CBD decreased the action potential (AP) duration more potently at half-maximal than at near complete repolarization, and slightly decreased the AP amplitude and its maximal upstroke velocity. CBD had no significant effects on the membrane resting potential except at the highest concentration tested under fast pacing rate. These data show that CBD impacts cardiac electrophysiology and suggest that caution should be exercised when prescribing CBD to carriers of cardiac channelopathies or in conjunction with other drugs known to affect heart rhythm or contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Le Marois
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Véronique Ballet
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Alfortville, France
| | - Camille Sanson
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Magali-Anne Maizières
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Thierry Carriot
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Alfortville, France
| | - Céline Chantoiseau
- Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Alfortville, France
| | - Michel Partiseti
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Georg Andrees Bohme
- High Content Biology, Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
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Chantoiseau C, Carriot T, Ballet V, Guillon JM. Evaluation of electrophysiological parameters variability of iPS-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ballet V, Carriot T, Chantoiseau C, Guillon JM. Cardiac electrophysiological effects of loperamide mimick clinical misuse and abuse outcome. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.01.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guillon JM, Ballet V, Blanchard RH, Carriot T, Barré C, Doubovetzky M. Low K+ alters differentially drugs arrhythmogenic profile in rabbit isolated heart. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mestre M, Djellas Y, Carriot T, Cavero I. Frequency-independent blockade of cardiac Na+ channels by riluzole: comparison with established anticonvulsants and class I anti-arrhythmics. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2000; 14:107-17. [PMID: 10796057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2000.tb00398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Na+ channel blocking activity and the antiarrhythmic effects of riluzole, and established anticonvulsants (lamotrigine and lifarizine) and class I antiarrhythmics (lidocaine, flecainide and disopyramide) were studied under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Guinea-pig cardiac Purkinje fibres were superfused with Tyrode solution and electrically driven for recording action potentials with intracellular microelectrodes. In these preparations paced at 1 Hz, all compounds tested produced concentration-dependent (0.3-100 microM) reductions in the maximum rate of depolarization of the action potential (Vmax). For riluzole, phenytoin and carbamazepine this effect was frequency-independent (0.5-6 Hz) but for lamotrigine, lifarizine, lidocaine, flecainide and disopyramide it was frequency-dependent. In anaesthetized rats, riluzole, in contrast to flecainide, did not delay the appearance of aconitine-induced arrhythmias. Riluzole (0.3-3.9 mg/kg, i.v.) also lacked notable cardiac electrophysiological effects in anaesthetized dogs. At an i.v. dose of 3.0 mg/kg riluzole failed to restore a normal sinus rhythm in conscious dogs with polymorphic arrhythmias produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery 24 h earlier. These results indicate that riluzole, phenytoin and carbamazepine, unlike lamotrigine, lifarizine and flecainide, block cardiac Na+ channels in a frequency-independent manner. This property may account for the lack of antiarrhythmic activity of riluzole, phenytoin and carbamazepine in animal models of arrhythmias that respond to class I antiarrhythmic drugs. It may also account for the clinical observation that riluzole does not seem to cause the unfavourable electrocardiographic changes characteristic of drugs that block cardiac Na+ channels in a frequency-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mestre
- Aventis, CRVA, Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
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Mestre M, Carriot T, Néliat G, Uzan A, Renault C, Dubroeucq MC, Guérémy C, Doble A, Le Fur G. PK 11195, an antagonist of peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors, modulates Bay K8644 sensitive but not beta- or H2-receptor sensitive voltage operated calcium channels in the guinea pig heart. Life Sci 1986; 39:329-39. [PMID: 2426550 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(86)90651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In a partially depolarized guinea pig papillary muscle preparation, BAY K8644 stimulated voltage-operated calcium channels, promoting slow action potentials; this effect was dose-dependent over a concentration range of 3 X 10(-7) M to 3 X 10(-6) M. Isoproterenol and histamine also induced slow action potentials by stimulating beta or H2 receptors, respectively. PK 11195, the antagonist of peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors, inhibited the effect of BAY K8644, but not those of histamine or isoproterenol. Moreover, PK 11195 "dose-dependently" antagonized the ability of RO5-4864 to inhibit the slow action potentials elicited by barium chloride. Thus, in the heart, PK 11195, an antagonist of peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors, can modulate voltage-operated calcium channels when they are activated directly, but not when they are activated by stimulation of neurotransmitter receptors.
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Mestre M, Carriot T, Belin C, Uzan A, Renault C, Dubroeucq MC, Guérémy C, Doble A, Le Fur G. Electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence that peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors are coupled to calcium channels in the heart. Life Sci 1985; 36:391-400. [PMID: 2578209 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PK 11195, an antagonist of the peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor, does not affect either the duration of the action potential or the tension of the guinea pig papillary muscle. However, it antagonized the effects of the calcium channel blockers, nitrendipine, verapamil, diltiazem, and of BAY K8644, a calcium channel agonist in this heart preparation. On the other hand, PK 11195 does not change the increase in the action potential duration provoked by the potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium. RO5-4864, an agonist of the peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor, decreased the tension of the guinea pig papillary muscle. The effect was reversed by increasing extracellular Ca2+ concentrations up to 4 mM. These results suggest that in the heart the peripheral type benzodiazepine receptors are coupled to calcium channels.
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Mestre M, Carriot T, Belin C, Uzan A, Renault C, Dubroeucq MC, Guérémy C, Le Fur G. Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in a guinea pig heart preparation. Life Sci 1984; 35:953-62. [PMID: 6088933 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(84)90661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RO5-4864 decreased in a dose-dependent manner, from 3 X 10(-9) M to 3 X 10(-6) M, the duration of intracellular action potential and the contractility in a guinea pig preparation. Diazepam was less effective and clonazepam inactive. The effects of RO5-4864 were GABA-independent and antagonized by PK 11195 but not by the selective antagonist of the brain type benzodiazepine receptors RO15-1788. These results show the pharmacological relevance of peripheral type benzodiazepine binding sites at the cardiac level.
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