1
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Jian T, Yang M, Wu T, Ji X, Xia S, Sun F. Diagnostic value of dynamic contrast enhancement combined with conventional MRI in differentiating benign and malignant lacrimal gland epithelial tumours. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e345-e352. [PMID: 37953093 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To establish the diagnostic value of the quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with conventional MRI in differentiating of benign and malignant lacrimal gland epithelial tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of primary lacrimal gland epithelial tumours confirmed by histopathology was conducted. Conventional MRI features and DCE-MRI quantitative parameters were collected and subjected to analysis. The diagnostic value was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 53 patients were enrolled of which 29 had malignant, whereas 24 had benign tumours. Conventional MRI revealed statistically significant differences between benign and malignant tumours regarding maximum tumour diameter, posterior margin characteristic, bone destruction, and erosion. The Ktrans and Kep values obtained by DCE-MRI were higher in malignant than in benign tumours, with a statistically significant (p<0.001 and p=0.022). A type I time-signal intensity (TIC) curve was more frequent in benign tumours, whereas a type II TIC curve was prevalent in malignant tumours (p=0.001). ROC analysis showed that Ktrans had the best diagnostic value of the DCE-MRI parameters (area under the ROC curve [AUC] of 0.822, 75.9% sensitivity, and 83.3% specificity, p<0.001). The combination of conventional MRI and DCE-MRI factors had the best diagnostic value and balanced sensitivity and specificity (AUC of 0.948, 93.1% sensitivity, and 91.7% specificity, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that the combination of quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI and image characteristics of conventional MRI have a high diagnostic value for the diagnosis of benign and malignant lacrimal gland epithelial tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - M Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - T Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Ji
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - S Xia
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - F Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Chen L, Wu L, Yu J, Kuo CT, Jian T, Wu IC, Rong Y, Chiu DT. Highly photostable wide-dynamic-range pH sensitive semiconducting polymer dots enabled by dendronizing the near-IR emitters. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7236-7245. [PMID: 29081956 PMCID: PMC5633788 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03448b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One constraint of semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots), especially those with near-IR emission, is their low effective emitter ratio (∼1.5 mole percent), which limits their pH sensing performance. The other critical issue of existing Pdot-based pH sensors is their poor photostability. To address these issues, we developed a series of Pdots by dendronizing the squaraine-based pH responsive near-IR emitter, which is covalently incorporated into the polyfluorene (PFO) backbone. The fluorescence self-quenching of the NIR squaraine emitter was effectively suppressed at a high emitter concentration of 5 mole percent. Through controlling the individually incomplete energy transfer from the amorphous PFO donor to the blue β-phase PFO and NIR squaraine emitter, we obtained a ratiometric pH sensor with simultaneously improved pH sensitivity, brightness, and photostability. The Pdots showed a fast and reversible pH response over the whole biological pH range of 4.7 to 8.5. Intracellular pH mapping was successfully demonstrated using this ultra-bright and photostable Pdot-based pH indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - L Wu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - J Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - C-T Kuo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - T Jian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - I-C Wu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - Y Rong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
| | - D T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , USA .
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3
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Meng D, Andre P, Bateman TJ, Berger R, Chen YH, Desai K, Dewnani S, Ellsworth K, Feng D, Geissler WM, Guo L, Hruza A, Jian T, Li H, Metzger J, Parker DL, Reichert P, Sherer EC, Smith CJ, Sonatore LM, Tschirret-Guth R, Wu J, Xu J, Zhang T, Campeau LC, Orr R, Poirier M, McCabe-Dunn J, Araki K, Nishimura T, Sakurada I, Hirabayashi T, Wood HB. Development of a novel tricyclic class of potent and selective FIXa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5437-43. [PMID: 26318999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using structure based drug design, a novel class of potent coagulation factor IXa (FIXa) inhibitors was designed and synthesized. High selectivity over FXa inhibition was achieved. Selected compounds were evaluated in rat IV/PO pharmacokinetic (PK) studies and demonstrated desirable oral PK profiles. Finally, the pharmacodynamics (PD) of this class of molecules were evaluated in thrombin generation assay (TGA) in Corn Trypsin Inhibitor (CTI) citrated human plasma and demonstrated characteristics of a FIXa inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Meng
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Patrick Andre
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Thomas J Bateman
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Richard Berger
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Yi-Heng Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kunal Desai
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Sunita Dewnani
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kenneth Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Daming Feng
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Wayne M Geissler
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Liangqin Guo
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Alan Hruza
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Tianying Jian
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Joe Metzger
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Dann L Parker
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Paul Reichert
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Department of Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Cameron J Smith
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Lisa M Sonatore
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Richard Tschirret-Guth
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jane Wu
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Robert Orr
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Marc Poirier
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jamie McCabe-Dunn
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kazuto Araki
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 7, Yotsuya 1-Chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8515, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nishimura
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 7, Yotsuya 1-Chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8515, Japan
| | - Isao Sakurada
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 7, Yotsuya 1-Chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8515, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hirabayashi
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 7, Yotsuya 1-Chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8515, Japan
| | - Harold B Wood
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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4
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Shah SK, He S, Guo L, Truong Q, Qi H, Du W, Lai Z, Liu J, Jian T, Hong Q, Dobbelaar P, Ye Z, Sherer E, Feng Z, Yu Y, Wong F, Samuel K, Madiera M, Karanam BV, Reddy VB, Mitelman S, Tong SX, Chicchi GG, Tsao KL, Trusca D, Feng Y, Wu M, Shao Q, Trujillo ME, Eiermann GJ, Li C, Pachanski M, Fernandez G, Nelson D, Bunting P, Morissette P, Volksdorf S, Kerr J, Zhang BB, Howard AD, Zhou YP, Pasternak A, Nargund RP, Hagmann WK. Discovery of MK-1421, a Potent, Selective sstr3 Antagonist, as a Development Candidate for Type 2 Diabetes. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:513-7. [PMID: 26005524 PMCID: PMC4434471 DOI: 10.1021/ml500514w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
The imidazolyl-tetrahydro-β-carboline
class of sstr3 antagonists
have demonstrated efficacy in a murine model of glucose excursion
and may have potential as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. The first
candidate in this class caused unacceptable QTc interval prolongation
in oral, telemetrized cardiovascular (CV) dogs. Herein, we describe
our efforts to identify an acceptable candidate without CV effects.
These efforts resulted in the identification of (1R,3R)-3-(4-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-(1-ethyl-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(3-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3H-2-one-5-yl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-β-carboline
(17e, MK-1421).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guillermo Fernandez
- Department
of Safety Assessment, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Donald Nelson
- Department
of Safety Assessment, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Patricia Bunting
- Department
of Safety Assessment, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Pierre Morissette
- Department
of Safety Assessment, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Sylvia Volksdorf
- Department
of Safety Assessment, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Janet Kerr
- Department
of Safety Assessment, Merck Research Laboratories, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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5
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Zhang T, Andre P, Bateman TJ, Chen YH, Desai K, Ellsworth K, Geissler WM, Guo L, Hruza A, Jian T, Meng D, Parker DL, Qian X, Reichert P, Sherer EC, Shu M, Smith CJ, Sonatore LM, Tschirret-Guth R, Nolting AF, Orr R, Campeau LC, Araki K, Nishimura T, Sakurada I, Wood HB. Development of a novel class of potent and selective FIXa inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4945-4949. [PMID: 25978966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using structure based drug design (SBDD), a novel class of potent coagulation Factor IXa (FIXa) inhibitors was designed and synthesized. High selectivity over FXa inhibition was achieved. Selected compounds demonstrated oral bioavailability in rat IV/PO pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. Finally, the pharmacodynamics (PD) of this class of molecules was evaluated in Thrombin Generation Assay (TGA) in Corn Trypsin Inhibitor (CTI) citrated human plasma and demonstrated characteristics of a FIXa inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Patrick Andre
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Thomas J Bateman
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Yi-Heng Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kunal Desai
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kenneth Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Wayne M Geissler
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Liangqin Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Alan Hruza
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Tianying Jian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Dongfang Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Dann L Parker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Qian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Paul Reichert
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Department of Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Min Shu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Cameron J Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Lisa M Sonatore
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Richard Tschirret-Guth
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Andrew F Nolting
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Robert Orr
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kazuto Araki
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 7, Yotsuya 1-Chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8515, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nishimura
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 7, Yotsuya 1-Chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8515, Japan
| | - Isao Sakurada
- Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, 7, Yotsuya 1-Chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8515, Japan
| | - Harold B Wood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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6
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He S, Hong Q, Lai Z, Yang DX, Ting PC, Kuethe JT, Cernak TA, Dykstra KD, Sperbeck DM, Wu Z, Yu Y, Yang GX, Jian T, Liu J, Guiadeen D, Krikorian AD, Sonatore LM, Wiltsie J, Liu J, Gorski JN, Chung CC, Gibson JT, Lisnock J, Xiao J, Wolff M, Tong SX, Madeira M, Karanam BV, Shen DM, Balkovec JM, Pinto S, Nargund RP, DeVita RJ. Discovery of a Potent and Selective DGAT1 Inhibitor with a Piperidinyl-oxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid Moiety. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1082-7. [PMID: 25349648 DOI: 10.1021/ml5003426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the discovery of a novel series of DGAT1 inhibitors in the benzimidazole class with a piperdinyl-oxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid moiety. This novel series possesses significantly improved selectivity against the A2A receptor, no ACAT1 off-target activity at 10 μM, and higher aqueous solubility and free fraction in plasma as compared to the previously reported pyridyl-oxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid series. In particular, 5B was shown to possess an excellent selectivity profile by screening it against a panel of more than 100 biological targets. Compound 5B significantly reduces lipid excursion in LTT in mouse and rat, demonstrates DGAT1 mediated reduction of food intake and body weight in mice, is negative in a 3-strain Ames test, and appears to distribute preferentially in the liver and the intestine in mice. We believe this lead series possesses significant potential to identify optimized compounds for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen He
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qingmei Hong
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhong Lai
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - David X. Yang
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Pauline C. Ting
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Kuethe
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Timothy A. Cernak
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kevin D. Dykstra
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Donald M. Sperbeck
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhicai Wu
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ginger X. Yang
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Tianying Jian
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Deodial Guiadeen
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Arto D. Krikorian
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lisa M. Sonatore
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Judyann Wiltsie
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jinqi Liu
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Judith N. Gorski
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Christine C. Chung
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jack T. Gibson
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - JeanMarie Lisnock
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jianying Xiao
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Wolff
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Sharon X. Tong
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Maria Madeira
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bindhu V. Karanam
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dong-Ming Shen
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - James M. Balkovec
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shirly Pinto
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ravi P. Nargund
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert J. DeVita
- Early Development and Discovery
Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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7
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He S, Lai Z, Ye Z, Dobbelaar P, Shah SK, Truong Q, Du W, Guo L, Liu J, Jian T, Qi H, Bakshi R, Hong Q, Dellureficio J, Reibarkh M, Samuel K, Reddy V, Mitelman S, Tong SX, Chicchi GG, Tsao KL, Trusca D, Wu M, Shao Q, Trujillo M, Fernandez G, Nelson D, Bunting P, Kerr J, Fitzgerald P, Morissette P, Volksdorf S, Eiermann GJ, Li C, Zhang B, Howard A, Zhou YP, Nargund RP, Hagmann WK. Investigation of Cardiovascular Effects of Tetrahydro-β-carboline sstr3 antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:748-53. [PMID: 25050159 PMCID: PMC4094257 DOI: 10.1021/ml500028c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonism of somatostatin subtype receptor 3 (sstr3) has emerged as a potential treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, the development of our first preclinical candidate, MK-4256, was discontinued due to a dose-dependent QTc (QT interval corrected for heart rate) prolongation observed in a conscious cardiovascular (CV) dog model. As the fate of the entire program rested on resolving this issue, it was imperative to determine whether the observed QTc prolongation was associated with hERG channel (the protein encoded by the human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) binding or was mechanism-based as a result of antagonizing sstr3. We investigated a structural series containing carboxylic acids to reduce the putative hERG off-target activity. A key tool compound, 3A, was identified from this SAR effort. As a potent sstr3 antagonist, 3A was shown to reduce glucose excursion in a mouse oGTT assay. Consistent with its minimal hERG activity from in vitro assays, 3A elicited little to no effect in an anesthetized, vagus-intact CV dog model at high plasma drug levels. These results afforded the critical conclusion that sstr3 antagonism is not responsible for the QTc effects and therefore cleared a path for the program to progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen He
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhong Lai
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhixiong Ye
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Peter
H. Dobbelaar
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shrenik K. Shah
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Quang Truong
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Wu Du
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Liangqin Guo
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Tianying Jian
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Raman
K. Bakshi
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qingmei Hong
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - James Dellureficio
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Koppara Samuel
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Vijay
B. Reddy
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Stan Mitelman
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Sharon X. Tong
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Gary G. Chicchi
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kwei-Lan Tsao
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dorina Trusca
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Margaret Wu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qing Shao
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Maria
E. Trujillo
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Guillermo Fernandez
- Department
of Safety Assessment, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Donald Nelson
- Department
of Safety Assessment, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Patricia Bunting
- Department
of Safety Assessment, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Janet Kerr
- Department
of Safety Assessment, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Patrick Fitzgerald
- Department
of Safety Assessment, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Pierre Morissette
- Department
of Safety Assessment, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Sylvia Volksdorf
- Department
of Safety Assessment, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - George J. Eiermann
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Cai Li
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bei Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Andrew
D. Howard
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yun-Ping Zhou
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ravi P. Nargund
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William K. Hagmann
- Merck Research Laboratories, Departments of Medicinal
Chemistry, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Diabetes Research, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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8
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He S, Hong Q, Lai Z, Wu Z, Yu Y, Kim DW, Ting PC, Kuethe JT, Yang GX, Jian T, Liu J, Guiadeen D, Krikorian AD, Sperbeck DM, Sonatore LM, Wiltsie J, Chung CC, Gibson JT, Lisnock J, Murphy BA, Gorski JN, Liu J, Chen D, Chen X, Wolff M, Tong SX, Madeira M, Karanam BV, Shen DM, Balkovec JM, Pinto S, Nargund RP, DeVita RJ. Potent DGAT1 Inhibitors in the Benzimidazole Class with a Pyridyl-oxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid Moiety. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:773-8. [PMID: 24900745 DOI: 10.1021/ml400168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the design and synthesis of a series of novel DGAT1 inhibitors in the benzimidazole class with a pyridyl-oxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid moiety. In particular, compound 11A is a potent DGAT1 inhibitor with excellent selectivity against ACAT1. Compound 11A significantly reduces triglyceride excursion in lipid tolerance tests (LTT) in both mice and dogs at low plasma exposure. An in vivo study in mice with des-fluoro analogue 10A indicates that this series of compounds appears to distribute in intestine preferentially over plasma. The propensity to target intestine over plasma could be advantageous in reducing potential side effects since lower circulating levels of drug are required for efficacy. However, in the preclinical species, compound 11A undergoes cis/trans epimerization in vivo, which could complicate further development due to the presence of an active metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen He
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Qingmei Hong
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhong Lai
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhicai Wu
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - David W. Kim
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Pauline C. Ting
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Kuethe
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ginger X. Yang
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Tianying Jian
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Deodial Guiadeen
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Arto D. Krikorian
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Donald M. Sperbeck
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lisa M. Sonatore
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Judyann Wiltsie
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Christine C. Chung
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jack T. Gibson
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - JeanMarie Lisnock
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Beth A. Murphy
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Judith N. Gorski
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jinqi Liu
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dunlu Chen
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michael Wolff
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Sharon X. Tong
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Maria Madeira
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bindhu V. Karanam
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dong-Ming Shen
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - James M. Balkovec
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Shirly Pinto
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ravi P. Nargund
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert J. DeVita
- Discovery and Preclinical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth,
New Jersey 07033, United States
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9
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He S, Ye Z, Truong Q, Shah S, Du W, Guo L, Dobbelaar PH, Lai Z, Liu J, Jian T, Qi H, Bakshi RK, Hong Q, Dellureficio J, Pasternak A, Feng Z, deJesus R, Yang L, Reibarkh M, Bradley SA, Holmes MA, Ball RG, Ruck RT, Huffman MA, Wong F, Samuel K, Reddy VB, Mitelman S, Tong SX, Chicchi GG, Tsao KL, Trusca D, Wu M, Shao Q, Trujillo ME, Eiermann GJ, Li C, Zhang BB, Howard AD, Zhou YP, Nargund RP, Hagmann WK. The Discovery of MK-4256, a Potent SSTR3 Antagonist as a Potential Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:484-9. [PMID: 24900499 DOI: 10.1021/ml300063m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship study of the imidazolyl-β-tetrahydrocarboline series identified MK-4256 as a potent, selective SSTR3 antagonist, which demonstrated superior efficacy in a mouse oGTT model. MK-4256 reduced glucose excursion in a dose-dependent fashion with maximal efficacy achieved at doses as low as 0.03 mg/kg po. As compared with glipizide, MK-4256 showed a minimal hypoglycemia risk in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen He
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhixiong Ye
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Quang Truong
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shrenik Shah
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Wu Du
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Liangqin Guo
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Peter H. Dobbelaar
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhong Lai
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tianying Jian
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Raman K. Bakshi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Qingmei Hong
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - James Dellureficio
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Alexander Pasternak
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhe Feng
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Reynalda deJesus
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lihu Yang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Scott A. Bradley
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mark A. Holmes
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Richard G. Ball
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rebecca T. Ruck
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mark A. Huffman
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Frederick Wong
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Koppara Samuel
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Vijay B. Reddy
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Stan Mitelman
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sharon X. Tong
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gary G. Chicchi
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kwei-Lan Tsao
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Dorina Trusca
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Margaret Wu
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Qing Shao
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Maria E. Trujillo
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - George J. Eiermann
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Cai Li
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bei B. Zhang
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Andrew D. Howard
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yun-Ping Zhou
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ravi P. Nargund
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - William K. Hagmann
- Departments of †Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Process Research, §Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and ∥Diabetes Research, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East
Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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10
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He S, Ye Z, Dobbelaar PH, Bakshi RK, Hong Q, Dellureficio JP, Sebhat IK, Guo L, Liu J, Jian T, Lai Y, Franklin CL, Reibarkh M, Holmes MA, Weinberg DH, MacNeil T, Tang R, Tamvakopoulos C, Peng Q, Miller RR, Stearns RA, Chen HY, Chen AS, Strack AM, Fong TM, Wyvratt MJ, Nargund RP. Discovery of highly potent and efficacious MC4R agonists with spiroindane N-Me-1,2,4-triazole privileged structures for the treatment of obesity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6524-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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He S, Ye Z, Dobbelaar PH, Sebhat IK, Guo L, Liu J, Jian T, Lai Y, Franklin CL, Bakshi RK, Dellureficio JP, Hong Q, Weinberg DH, MacNeil T, Tang R, Strack AM, Tamvakopoulos C, Peng Q, Miller RR, Stearns RA, Chen HY, Chen AS, Fong TM, Wyvratt MJ, Nargund RP. Spiroindane based amides as potent and selective MC4R agonists for the treatment of obesity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4399-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Hong Q, Bakshi RK, Dellureficio J, He S, Ye Z, Dobbelaar PH, Sebhat IK, Guo L, Liu J, Jian T, Tang R, Kalyani RN, MacNeil T, Vongs A, Rosenblum CI, Weinberg DH, Peng Q, Tamvakopoulos C, Miller RR, Stearns RA, Cashen D, Martin WJ, Chen AS, Metzger JM, Chen HY, Strack AM, Fong TM, Maclntyre E, Van der Ploeg LH, Wyvratt MJ, Nargund RP. Optimization of privileged structures for selective and potent melanocortin subtype-4 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:4483-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Liu J, He S, Jian T, Dobbelaar PH, Sebhat IK, Lin LS, Goodman A, Guo C, Guzzo PR, Hadden M, Henderson AJ, Pattamana K, Ruenz M, Sargent BJ, Swenson B, Yet L, Tamvakopoulos C, Peng Q, Pan J, Kan Y, Palyha O, Kelly TM, Guan XM, Howard AD, Marsh DJ, Metzger JM, Reitman ML, Wyvratt MJ, Nargund RP. Synthesis and SAR of derivatives based on 2-biarylethylimidazole as bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) agonists for the treatment of obesity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2074-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Liu J, Jian T, Sebhat I, Nargund R. Preparation of 2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[isoquinoline-4,4′-piperidine] via an N-sulfonyl Pictet–Spengler reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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16
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Phan LT, Jian T, Chen Z, Qiu YL, Wang Z, Beach T, Polemeropoulos A, Or YS. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Class of 4‘-Substituted 16-Membered Ring Macrolides Derived from Tylosin. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2965-8. [PMID: 15163176 DOI: 10.1021/jm034233n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel 4'-substituted 16-membered ring macrolides were synthesized by the cleavage of the mycarose sugar of tylosin and subsequent modification of 4'-hydroxyl group. This new class of macrolide antibiotics exhibited potent activity against some key erythromycin-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly T Phan
- Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
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Abstract
A series of novel 4'-substituted 16-membered ring macrolides was synthesized by the cleavage of the mycarose sugar and subsequent modification of 4'-hydroxyl group. This new class of macrolides antibiotics is acid stable. The synthetic methodology described here is expected to find application in the synthesis of new generation of macrolides that target the emerging bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Wang
- Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 500 Arsenal Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
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18
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Rizos AK, Jian T, Ngai KL. Determination of the Coupling Parameter of Local Segmental Motion in Poly(isobutylene) by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00106a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vogt S, Jian T, Anastasiadis SH, Fytas G, Fischer EW. Diffusive relaxation mode in poly(styrene-b-methylphenylsiloxane) copolymer melts above and below the order-disorder transition. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00065a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Jian T, Anastasiadis SH, Semenov AN, Fytas G, Adachi K, Kotaka T. Dynamics of Composition Fluctuations in Diblock Copolymer Solutions Far from and Near to the Ordering Transition. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00095a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Jian T, Anastasiadis SH, Semenov AN, Fytas G, Fleischer G, Vilesov AD. Interdiffusion and Composition Polydispersity in Diblock Copolymers above the Ordering Transition. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00111a043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Hu WY, Fukuda N, Satoh C, Jian T, Kubo A, Nakayama M, Kishioka H, Kanmatsuse K. Phenotypic modulation by fibronectin enhances the angiotensin II-generating system in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:1500-5. [PMID: 10845864 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.6.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that homogeneous cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats produce angiotensin II (Ang II) in response to increases in the levels of angiotensinogen, cathepsin D, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The change of VSMCs from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype increased the amount of synthetic organelles, resulting in the production of proteases and growth factors. To evaluate the contribution of the synthetic phenotype to the generation of Ang II, we examined the effect of fibronectin (FN), which reportedly induces the synthetic phenotype, on the Ang II-generating system in VSMCs. Cultured VSMCs from Wistar-Kyoto rats were incubated with an active fragment of FN, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, for 24, 48, or 72 hours after synchronization of the cell cycle with 0. 2% calf serum for 48 hours. Immunofluorescence and protein levels of alpha-smooth muscle (SM) actin and expression of SM22alpha mRNA, apparent in the contractile phenotype, were suppressed by FN, whereas expression of matrix Gla mRNA and osteopontin mRNA and protein, apparent in the synthetic phenotype, was increased. FN (1 to 1000 microg/mL) dose-dependently increased DNA synthesis in the VSMCs, which was inhibited by the Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist CV-11974. Ang II-like immunoreactivity as determined by radioimmunoassay was significantly increased in conditioned medium from the VSMCs. In addition, mRNA for the Ang II-generating proteases cathepsin D and ACE was increased by FN. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, platelet-derived growth factor A-chain, and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNAs was also increased by FN. These results indicate that the changes accompanying the alteration to the synthetic phenotype in homogeneous cultures of VSMCs increase expression of proteases such as cathepsin D and ACE, which then produce Ang II, and that these changes increase expression of growth factors that then induce growth of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Hu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wei H, Young D, Lingjiang L, Shuiyuan X, Jian T, Hanshu S, Zhunghong Y, Xiouying T, Xudong W. Psychoactive substance use in three sites in China: gender differences and related factors. Addiction 1995; 90:1503-15. [PMID: 8528036 DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.901115039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
One year prevalence rates for psychoactive substance use are reported based on a community survey in Hunan, Helongjiang and Jiangsu. Data were gathered on more than 14,000 respondents (15-65 years old). The drinking rates ranged from 58.3% to 82.6% for men and from 16.3% to 31.4% for women. Smoking rates ranged from 64.9% to 68.1% for men and from 0.1% to 20.5% for women. Most drinkers were light users and most smokers were heavy users. Illicit drug use was found in the Hunan site. For both frequency and quantity of psychoactive substance use, women are lighter consumers than males (except for the use of minor tranquillizers and analgesics). Psychosocial factors related to drinking and smoking are also investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Mental Health Institute, Hunan Medical University, China
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Jian T, Anastasiadis SH, Rizos AK, Fytas G, Akcasu AZ. Interdiffusion in dilute polymer mixtures. A subtle concentration effect. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.467568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jian T, Semenov AN, Anastasiadis SH, Fytas G, Yeh F, Chu B, Vogt S, Wang F, Roovers JEL. Composition fluctuation induced depolarized Rayleigh scattering from diblock copolymer melts. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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