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Holt TA, Novitskiy IM, Kutateladze AG. Systematic Photoassisted Access to Designer Polyheterocycles via Modular Blocks and Scaffolding. Org Lett 2024; 26:734-738. [PMID: 38214569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Diverse polyheterocycles are accessed via scaffolded photoassisted synthesis involving decarboxylative aromatization of the primary photoproducts from intramolecular cycloadditions of azaxylylenes and tethered heteroaromatic unsaturated pendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina A Holt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Ivan M Novitskiy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Andrei G Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
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Tencer AH, Yu Y, Causse SZ, Campbell GR, Klein BJ, Xuan H, Cartier J, Miles MA, Gaurav N, Zadoroznyj A, Holt TA, Wen H, Hawkins CJ, Spector SA, Dubrez L, Shi X, Kutateladze TG. Molecular basis for nuclear accumulation and targeting of the inhibitor of apoptosis BIRC2. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1265-1274. [PMID: 37524969 PMCID: PMC10702411 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis protein BIRC2 regulates fundamental cell death and survival signaling pathways. Here we show that BIRC2 accumulates in the nucleus via binding of its second and third BIR domains, BIRC2BIR2 and BIRC2BIR3, to the histone H3 tail and report the structure of the BIRC2BIR3-H3 complex. RNA-seq analysis reveals that the genes involved in interferon and defense response signaling and cell-cycle regulation are most affected by depletion of BIRC2. Overexpression of BIRC2 delays DNA damage repair and recovery of the cell-cycle progression. We describe the structural mechanism for targeting of BIRC2BIR3 by a potent but biochemically uncharacterized small molecule inhibitor LCL161 and demonstrate that LCL161 disrupts the association of endogenous BIRC2 with H3 and stimulates cell death in cancer cells. We further show that LCL161 mediates degradation of BIRC2 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected human CD4+ T cells. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the nuclear accumulation of and blocking BIRC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Tencer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yucong Yu
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sebastien Z Causse
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Grant R Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hongwen Xuan
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jessy Cartier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mark A Miles
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitika Gaurav
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aymeric Zadoroznyj
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Tina A Holt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hong Wen
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Christine J Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Laurence Dubrez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Vann KR, Acharya A, Jang SM, Lachance C, Zandian M, Holt TA, Smith AL, Pandey K, Durden DL, El-Gamal D, Côté J, Byrareddy SN, Kutateladze TG. Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope E protein to human BRD4 is essential for infection. Structure 2022; 30:1224-1232.e5. [PMID: 35716662 PMCID: PMC9212912 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and inevitable acquired drug resistance call for the continued search of new pharmacological targets to fight the potentially fatal infection. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which the E protein of SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the human transcriptional regulator BRD4. We found that SARS-CoV-2 E is acetylated in vivo and co-immunoprecipitates with BRD4 in human cells. Bromodomains (BDs) of BRD4 bind to the C-terminus of the E protein, acetylated by human acetyltransferase p300, whereas the ET domain of BRD4 recognizes the unmodified motif of the E protein. Inhibitors of BRD4 BDs, JQ1 or OTX015, decrease SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in lung bronchial epithelial cells, indicating that the acetyllysine binding function of BDs is necessary for the virus fitness and that BRD4 represents a potential anti-COVID-19 target. Our findings provide insight into molecular mechanisms that contribute to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and shed light on a new strategy to block SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra R Vann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Catherine Lachance
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Mohamad Zandian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tina A Holt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Audrey L Smith
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Donald L Durden
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92130, USA
| | - Dalia El-Gamal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Jacques Côté
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Novitskiy IM, Holt TA, Kutateladze AG. Structure revision of ent-kaurane diterpenoids, isoserrins A, B, and D, enabled by DU8+ computation of their NMR spectral data. Mendeleev Communications 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Novitskiy IM, Holt TA, Kutateladze AG. Structure revision of ent-kaurane diterpenoids, isoserrins A, B, and D, enabled by DU8+ computation of their NMR spectral data. Mendeleev Communications 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Holt TA, Reddy DS, Huple DB, West LM, Rodríguez AD, Crimmins MT, Kutateladze AG. The Discreet Structural Diversity of Briarellins: DU8+ Guided Multiple Structure Revisions Yielded Two Unknown Structural Types. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6201-6205. [PMID: 32323536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Briarellins, a subset of C2-C11 cyclized cembranoids, were proposed to contain a C3-C14 ether or lactone bridge, similar to asbestinins. However, the total synthesis of the proposed structure of briarellin J revealed a misassignment. We revisited briarellins, computationally, with the help of a recently developed hybrid DFT/parametric method, DU8+, and revised the structures of briarellin C14-C3 ε-lactones to new structural types containing either a C14-C11 or C14-C12 lactone bridge. The original structures of briarellin and asbestinin ethers were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina A Holt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - D Sai Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Deepak B Huple
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
| | - Lyndon M West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Abimael D Rodríguez
- Molecular Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce de León Avenue, San Juan, 00926, Puerto Rico
| | - Michael T Crimmins
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Andrei G Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, United States
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Liu Y, Holt TA, Kutateladze A, Newhouse TR. Stereochemical revision of xylogranatin F by GIAO and DU8+ NMR calculations. Chirality 2020; 32:515-523. [PMID: 32125044 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript describes predicted NMR shifts for the limonoid natural product xylogranatin F. The 1 H and 13 C NMR shifts of four diastereomers were evaluated by GIAO and hybrid DFT/parametric DU8+ methods. The results of the 1 H and 13 C NMR calculations for both the GIAO method and the DU8+ calculations suggest the revised structure that was recently reassigned by chemical synthesis. Furthermore, we show that while DU8+ provides superior accuracy with less computation time, GIAO points to the correct structure with more distinguishable data in this case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tina A Holt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Andrei Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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Khovanova NA, Khovanov IA, Sbano L, Griffiths F, Holt TA. Characterisation of linear predictability and non-stationarity of subcutaneous glucose profiles. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2013; 110:260-267. [PMID: 23253451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring is increasingly used in the management of diabetes. Subcutaneous glucose profiles are characterised by a strong non-stationarity, which limits the application of correlation-spectral analysis. We derived an index of linear predictability by calculating the autocorrelation function of time series increments and applied detrended fluctuation analysis to assess the non-stationarity of the profiles. Time series from volunteers with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and from control subjects were analysed. The results suggest that in control subjects, blood glucose variation is relatively uncorrelated, and this variation could be modelled as a random walk with no retention of 'memory' of previous values. In diabetes, variation is both greater and smoother, with retention of inter-dependence between neighbouring values. Essential components for adequate longer term prediction were identified via a decomposition of time series into a slow trend and responses to external stimuli. Implications for diabetes management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Khovanova
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Holt TA, Holt CJ. [Elevated blood glucose concentration]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2009; 98:91-93. [PMID: 19153957 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157.98.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T A Holt
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL.
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Abstract
The principles of non-linear dynamics ('chaos') theory may improve our understanding of the difficulties of blood glucose control in diabetes, may lead to alternative control strategies in selected individuals, and might even enlighten the issues involved in automated glucose control for the future. Possible experimental and mathematical methods of identifying chaotic behaviour in glucose profiles are briefly discussed. Advice based on this model is suggested for those aiming at tight blood glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Holt
- The Danby Practice, Dale End Surgery, Danby, Whitby, UK
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Holt TA. Long term follow up of women who have had gestational diabetes. Br J Gen Pract 1992; 42:354-5. [PMID: 1457167 PMCID: PMC1372109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
As NASA designs space flights requiring prolonged periods of weightlessness for a broader segment of the population, it will be important to know the acute and sustained effects of weightlessness on the cardiovascular system since this information will contribute to understanding of the clinical pharmacology of drugs administered in space. Due to operational constraints on space flights, earliest effects of weightlessness have not been documented. We examined hemodynamic responses of humans to transitions from acceleration to weightlessness during parabolic flight on NASA's KC-135 aircraft. Impedance cardiography data were collected over four sets of 8-10 parabolas, with a brief rest period between sets. Each parabola included a period of 1.8 Gz, then approximately 20 seconds of weightlessness, and finally a period of 1.6 Gz; the cycle repeated almost immediately for the remainder of the set. Subjects were semi-supine (Shuttle launch posture) for the first set, then randomly supine, sitting and standing for each subsequent set. Transition to weightlessness while standing produced decreased heart rate, increased thoracic fluid content, and increased stroke index. Surprisingly, the onset of weightlessness in the semi-supine posture produced little evidence of a headward fluid shift. Heart rate, stroke index, and cardiac index are virtually unchanged after 20 seconds of weightlessness, and thoracic fluid content is slightly decreased. Semi-supine responses run counter to Shuttle crewmember reports of noticeable fluid shift after minutes to hours in orbit. Apparently, the headward fluid shift commences in the semi-supine posture before launch. is augmented by launch acceleration, but briefly interrupted immediately in orbit, then resumes and is completed over the next hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lathers
- Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas
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Holt TA, Phillips J. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Authors' reply. West J Med 1988. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.297.6641.133-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ditchburn RK, Ditchburn JS, Holt TA. The bacteriology of a rural general practice: a retrospective six-year study. J R Coll Gen Pract 1988; 38:110-2. [PMID: 3204578 PMCID: PMC1711206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The organisms cultured and their antibiotic sensitivities, together with clinical details, were obtained from all the available bacteriology requestlresult forms from a rural practice over a six-year period. The 3022 bacteriology specimens analysed yielded 997 potential pathogens. The main infections studied were those of the urinary tract, the upper respiratory tract and the skin and soft tissue. In spite of the fact that trimethoprim alone had never been used in the practice, 29% of urinary tract pathogens were resistant to this drug. Ninety-six per cent of isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were sensitive to ampicillin. The overall results suggest that most infectious disease in rural general practice can be managed with a limited and inexpensive antibiotic regimen. Such a regimen is described.
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