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Basset-Sagarminaga J, van de Weijer T, Iozzo P, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling V. Correction to: Advances and challenges in measuring hepatic glucose uptake with FDG PET: implications for diabetes research. Diabetologia 2024; 67:958. [PMID: 38388754 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Basset-Sagarminaga
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Basset-Sagarminaga J, van de Weijer T, Iozzo P, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling V. Advances and challenges in measuring hepatic glucose uptake with FDG PET: implications for diabetes research. Diabetologia 2024; 67:407-419. [PMID: 38099962 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The liver plays a crucial role in the control of glucose homeostasis and is therefore of great interest in the investigation of the development of type 2 diabetes. Hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) can be measured through positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the tracer [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). HGU is dependent on many variables (e.g. plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations), and the metabolic state for HGU assessment should be chosen with care and coherence with the study question. In addition, as HGU is influenced by many factors, protocols and measurement conditions need to be standardised for reproducible results. This review provides insights into the protocols that are available for the measurement of HGU by FDG PET and discusses the current state of knowledge of HGU and its impairment in type 2 diabetes. Overall, a scanning modality that allows for the measurement of detailed kinetic information and influx rates (dynamic imaging) may be preferable to static imaging. The combination of FDG PET and insulin stimulation is crucial to measure tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. While the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp allows for standardised measurements under controlled blood glucose levels, some research questions might require a more physiological approach, such as oral glucose loading, with both advantages and complexities relating to fluctuations in blood glucose and insulin levels. The available approaches to address HGU hold great potential but await more systematic exploitation to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases. Current findings from the investigation of HGU by FDG PET highlight the complex interplay between insulin resistance, hepatic glucose metabolism, NEFA levels and intrahepatic lipid accumulation in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for improving HGU in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Basset-Sagarminaga
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Harmsen JF, Kotte M, Habets I, Bosschee F, Frenken K, Jorgensen JA, de Kam S, Moonen-Kornips E, Cissen J, Doligkeit D, van de Weijer T, Erazo-Tapia E, Buitinga M, Hoeks J, Schrauwen P. Exercise training modifies skeletal muscle clock gene expression but not 24-hour rhythmicity in substrate metabolism of men with insulin resistance. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 38051503 DOI: 10.1113/jp285523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four hour rhythmicity in whole-body substrate metabolism, skeletal muscle clock gene expression and mitochondrial respiration is compromised upon insulin resistance. With exercise training known to ameliorate insulin resistance, our objective was to test if exercise training can reinforce diurnal variation in whole-body and skeletal muscle metabolism in men with insulin resistance. In a single-arm longitudinal design, 10 overweight and obese men with insulin resistance performed 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training recurrently in the afternoon (between 14.00 and 18.00 h) and were tested pre- and post-exercise training, while staying in a metabolic research unit for 2 days under free-living conditions with regular meals. On the second days, indirect calorimetry was performed at 08.00, 13.00, 18.00, 23.00 and 04.00 h, muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at 08.30, 13.30 and 23.30 h, and blood was drawn at least bi-hourly over 24 h. Participants did not lose body weight over 12 weeks, but improved body composition and exercise capacity. Exercise training resulted in reduced 24-h plasma glucose levels, but did not modify free fatty acid and triacylglycerol levels. Diurnal variation of muscle clock gene expression was modified by exercise training with period genes showing an interaction (time × exercise) effect and reduced mRNA levels at 13.00 h. Exercise training increased mitochondrial respiration without inducing diurnal variation. Twenty-four-hour substrate metabolism and energy expenditure remained unchanged. Future studies should investigate alternative exercise strategies or types of interventions (e.g. diet or drugs aiming at improving insulin sensitivity) for their capacity to reinforce diurnal variation in substrate metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. KEY POINTS: Insulin resistance is associated with blunted 24-h flexibility in whole-body substrate metabolism and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, and disruptions in the skeletal muscle molecular circadian clock. We hypothesized that exercise training modifies 24-h rhythmicity in whole-body substrate metabolism and diurnal variation in skeletal muscle molecular clock and mitochondrial respiration in men with insulin resistance. We found that metabolic inflexibility over 24 h persisted after exercise training, whereas mitochondrial respiration increased independent of time of day. Gene expression of Per1-3 and Rorα in skeletal muscle changed particularly close to the time of day at which exercise training was performed. These results provide the rationale to further investigate the differential metabolic impact of differently timed exercise to treat metabolic defects of insulin resistance that manifest at a particular time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Frieder Harmsen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Kotte
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Habets
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederieke Bosschee
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Frenken
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna A Jorgensen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Soraya de Kam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Cissen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Doligkeit
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edmundo Erazo-Tapia
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mijke Buitinga
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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de Wit-Verheggen VHW, Vanweert F, Raiko J, Liénard V, Schaart G, Gemmink A, Nascimento EBM, Hesselink MKC, Wildberger JE, Wierts R, Joris PJ, Haas J, Montaigne D, Staels B, Phielix E, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, van de Weijer T. The tissue-specific metabolic effects of the PPARα agonist ciprofibrate in insulin-resistant male individuals: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2493-2504. [PMID: 37670579 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance is characterized by ectopic fat accumulation leading to cardiac diastolic dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist ciprofibrate has direct effects on cardiac and hepatic metabolism and can improve insulin sensitivity and cardiac function in insulin-resistant volunteers. METHODS Ten insulin-resistant male volunteers received 100 mg/d of ciprofibrate and placebo for 5 weeks in a randomized double-blind crossover study. Insulin-stimulated metabolic rate of glucose (MRgluc) was measured using dynamic 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18 F-FDG-PET). Additionally, cardiac function, whole-body insulin sensitivity, intrahepatic lipid content, skeletal muscle gene expression, 24-hour blood pressure, and substrate metabolism were measured. RESULTS Whole-body insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and body composition were unchanged after ciprofibrate treatment. Ciprofibrate treatment decreased insulin-stimulated hepatic MRgluc and increased hepatic lipid content. Myocardial net MRgluc tended to decrease after ciprofibrate treatment, but ciprofibrate treatment had no effect on cardiac function and cardiac energy status. In addition, no changes in PPAR-related gene expression in muscle were found. CONCLUSIONS Ciprofibrate treatment increased hepatic lipid accumulation and lowered MRgluc, without affecting whole-body insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, parameters of cardiac function or cardiac energy status were not altered upon ciprofibrate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera H W de Wit-Verheggen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Froukje Vanweert
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Juho Raiko
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Viktor Liénard
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Gemmink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Emmani B M Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim E Wildberger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Wierts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joel Haas
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - David Montaigne
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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5
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de Wit-Verheggen VHW, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Brouwers K, Jörgensen JA, Schaart G, Gemmink A, Nascimento EBM, Hesselink MKC, Wildberger JE, Segers P, Montaigne D, Staels B, Schrauwen P, Lindeboom L, Hoeks J, van de Weijer T. PCr/ATP ratios and mitochondrial function in the heart. A comparative study in humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8346. [PMID: 37221197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac energy status, measured as phosphocreatine (PCr)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio with 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in vivo, is a prognostic factor in heart failure and is lowered in cardiometabolic disease. It has been suggested that, as oxidative phosphorylation is the major contributor to ATP synthesis, PCr/ATP ratio might be a reflection of cardiac mitochondrial function. The objective of the study was to investigate whether PCr/ATP ratios can be used as in vivo marker for cardiac mitochondrial function. We enrolled thirty-eight patients scheduled for open-heart surgery in this study. Cardiac 31P-MRS was performed before surgery. Tissue from the right atrial appendage was obtained during surgery for high-resolution respirometry for the assessment of mitochondrial function. There was no correlation between the PCr/ATP ratio and ADP-stimulated respiration rates (octanoylcarnitine R2 < 0.005, p = 0.74; pyruvate R2 < 0.025, p = 0.41) nor with maximally uncoupled respiration (octanoylcarnitine R2 = 0.005, p = 0.71; pyruvate R2 = 0.040, p = 0.26). PCr/ATP ratio did correlate with indexed LV end systolic mass. As no direct correlation between cardiac energy status (PCr/ATP) and mitochondrial function in the heart was found, the study suggests that mitochondrial function might not the only determinant of cardiac energy status. Interpretation should be done in the right context in cardiac metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera H W de Wit-Verheggen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Brouwers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna A Jörgensen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Gemmink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmani B M Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim E Wildberger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrique Segers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - David Montaigne
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Lindeboom
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Vanweert F, Neinast M, Tapia EE, van de Weijer T, Hoeks J, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Blair MC, Bornstein MR, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P, Arany Z, Phielix E. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial for pharmacological activation of BCAA catabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3508. [PMID: 35717342 PMCID: PMC9206682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevations in plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels associate with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pre-clinical models suggest that lowering BCAA levels improve glucose tolerance, but data in humans are lacking. Here, we used sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB), an accelerator of BCAA catabolism, as tool to lower plasma BCAA levels in patients with T2D, and evaluate its effect on metabolic health. This trial (NetherlandsTrialRegister: NTR7426) had a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over design and was performed in the Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), the Netherlands, between February 2019 and February 2020. Patients were eligible for the trial if they were 40-75years, BMI of 25-38 kg/m², relatively well-controlled T2D (HbA1C < 8.5%) and treated with oral glucose-lowering medication. Eighteen participants were randomly assigned to receive either NaPB 4.8 g/m²/day and placebo for 2 weeks via controlled randomization and sixteen participants completed the study. The primary outcome was peripheral insulin sensitivity. Secondary outcomes were ex vivo muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity, substrate oxidation and ectopic fat accumulation. Fasting blood samples were collected to determine levels of BCAA, their catabolic intermediates, insulin, triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose. NaPB led to a robust 27% improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity compared to placebo (ΔRd:13.2 ± 1.8 vs. 9.6 ± 1.8 µmol/kg/min, p = 0.02). This was paralleled by an improvement in pyruvate-driven muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and whole-body insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation, and a reduction in plasma BCAA and glucose levels. No effects were observed on levels of insulin, triglycerides and FFA, neither did fat accumulation in muscle and liver change. No adverse events were reported. These data establish the proof-of-concept in humans that modulating the BCAA oxidative pathway may represent a potential treatment strategy for patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froukje Vanweert
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Michael Neinast
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104 USA
| | - Edmundo Erazo Tapia
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands ,grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands ,grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Megan C. Blair
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104 USA
| | - Marc R. Bornstein
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104 USA
| | - Matthijs K. C. Hesselink
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Zoltan Arany
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104 USA
| | - Esther Phielix
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER The Netherlands
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7
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Abstract
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even when corrected for atherosclerosis and other CVD risk factors. Diastolic dysfunction is one of the early changes in cardiac function that precedes the onset of cardiac failure, and it occurs already in the prediabetic state. It is clear that these changes are closely linked to alterations in cardiac metabolism; however, the exact etiology is unknown. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the early cardiac changes in fatty acid and glucose metabolism in prediabetes and its consequences on cardiac function. A better understanding of the relationship between metabolism, mitochondrial function, and cardiac function will lead to insights into the etiology of the declined cardiac function in prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera H. W. de Wit-Verheggen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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8
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Sellers AJ, Pallubinsky H, Rense P, Bijnens W, van de Weijer T, Moonen-Kornips E, Schrauwen P, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD. The effect of cold exposure with shivering on glucose tolerance in healthy men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:193-205. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00642.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to examine the effect of cold-induced shivering on subsequent glucose tolerance determined under thermoneutral conditions. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations increased during the oral glucose tolerance test post shivering. Additionally, insulin sensitivity indices suggest insulin resistance following cold exposure. These results provide evidence for an acute post-shivering response, whereby glucose metabolism has deteriorated, contrary to the results from earlier studies on cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jake Sellers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Pallubinsky
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Rense
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Bijnens
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Connell NJ, Doligkeit D, Andriessen C, Kornips-Moonen E, Bruls YMH, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, van de Weijer T, van Marken-Lichtenbelt WD, Havekes B, Kazak L, Spiegelman BM, Hoeks J, Schrauwen P. No evidence for brown adipose tissue activation after creatine supplementation in adult vegetarians. Nat Metab 2021; 3:107-117. [PMID: 33462512 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Creatine availability in adipose tissue has been shown to have profound effects on thermogenesis and energy balance in mice. However, whether dietary creatine supplementation affects brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in humans is unclear. In the present study, we report the results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial (NCT04086381) in which 14 young, healthy, vegetarian adults, who are characterized by low creatine levels, received 20 g of creatine monohydrate per day or placebo. Participants were eligible if they met the following criteria: male or female, white, aged 18-30 years, consuming a vegetarian diet (≥6 months) and body mass index 20-25 kg m-2. BAT activation after acute cold exposure was determined by calculating standard uptake values (SUVs) acquired by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging. BAT volume (-31.32 (19.32) SUV (95% confidence interval (CI) -73.06, 10.42; P = 0.129)), SUVmean (-0.34 (0.29) SUV (95% CI -0.97, 0.28; P = 0.254)) and SUVmax (-2.49 (2.64) SUV (95% CI -8.20, 3.21; P = 0.362)) following acute cold exposure were similar between placebo and creatine supplementation. No side effects of creatine supplementation were reported; one participant experienced bowel complaints during placebo, which resolved without intervention. Our data show that creatine monohydrate supplementation in young, healthy, lean, vegetarian adults does not enhance BAT activation after acute cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J Connell
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Doligkeit
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Andriessen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Kornips-Moonen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M H Bruls
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter D van Marken-Lichtenbelt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cell Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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10
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de Wit-Verheggen VHW, Altintas S, Spee RJM, Mihl C, van Kuijk SMJ, Wildberger JE, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Kietselaer BLJH, van de Weijer T. Pericardial fat and its influence on cardiac diastolic function. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:129. [PMID: 32807203 PMCID: PMC7430122 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pericardial fat (PF) has been suggested to directly act on cardiomyocytes, leading to diastolic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a higher PF volume is associated with a lower diastolic function in healthy subjects. Methods 254 adults (40–70 years, BMI 18–35 kg/m2, normal left ventricular ejection fraction), with (a)typical chest pain (otherwise healthy) from the cardiology outpatient clinic were retrospectively included in this study. All patients underwent a coronary computed tomographic angiography for the measurement of pericardial fat volume, as well as a transthoracic echocardiography for the assessment of diastolic function parameters. To assess the independent association of PF and diastolic function parameters, multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. To maximize differences in PF volume, the group was divided in low (lowest quartile of both sexes) and high (highest quartile of both sexes) PF volume. Multivariable binary logistic analysis was used to study the associations within the groups between PF and diastolic function, adjusted for age, BMI, and sex. Results Significant associations for all four diastolic parameters with the PF volume were found after adjusting for BMI, age, and sex. In addition, subjects with high pericardial fat had a reduced left atrial volume index (p = 0.02), lower E/e (p < 0.01) and E/A (p = 0.01), reduced e′ lateral (p < 0.01), reduced e′ septal p = 0.03), compared to subjects with low pericardial fat. Conclusion These findings confirm that pericardial fat volume, even in healthy subjects with normal cardiac function, is associated with diastolic function. Our results suggest that the mechanical effects of PF may limit the distensibility of the heart and thereby directly contribute to diastolic dysfunction. Trial registration NCT01671930
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera H W de Wit-Verheggen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sibel Altintas
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Romy J M Spee
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Casper Mihl
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sander M J van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joachim E Wildberger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bas L J H Kietselaer
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands. .,Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands. .,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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11
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Bilet L, Phielix E, van de Weijer T, Gemmink A, Bosma M, Moonen-Kornips E, Jorgensen JA, Schaart G, Zhang D, Meijer K, Hopman M, Hesselink MKC, Ouwens DM, Shulman GI, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Schrauwen P. One-leg inactivity induces a reduction in mitochondrial oxidative capacity, intramyocellular lipid accumulation and reduced insulin signalling upon lipid infusion: a human study with unilateral limb suspension. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1211-1222. [PMID: 32185462 PMCID: PMC7228997 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Physical inactivity, low mitochondrial function, increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) deposition and reduced insulin sensitivity are common denominators of chronic metabolic disorders, like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Yet, whether low mitochondrial function predisposes to insulin resistance in humans is still unknown. METHODS Here we investigated, in an intervention study, whether muscle with low mitochondrial oxidative capacity, induced by one-legged physical inactivity, would feature stronger signs of lipid-induced insulin resistance. To this end, ten male participants (age 22.4 ± 4.2 years, BMI 21.3 ± 2.0 kg/m2) underwent a 12 day unilateral lower-limb suspension with the contralateral leg serving as an active internal control. RESULTS In vivo, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, assessed by phosphocreatine (PCr)-recovery half-time, was lower in the inactive vs active leg. Ex vivo, palmitate oxidation to 14CO2 was lower in the suspended leg vs the active leg; however, this did not result in significantly higher [14C]palmitate incorporation into triacylglycerol. The reduced mitochondrial function in the suspended leg was, however, paralleled by augmented IMCL content in both musculus tibialis anterior and musculus vastus lateralis, and by increased membrane bound protein kinase C (PKC) θ. Finally, upon lipid infusion, insulin signalling was lower in the suspended vs active leg. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Together, these results demonstrate, in a unique human in vivo model, that a low mitochondrial oxidative capacity due to physical inactivity directly impacts IMCL accumulation and PKCθ translocation, resulting in impaired insulin signalling upon lipid infusion. This demonstrates the importance of mitochondrial oxidative capacity and muscle fat accumulation in the development of insulin resistance in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01576250. FUNDING PS was supported by a 'VICI' Research Grant for innovative research from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Grant 918.96.618).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bilet
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Gemmink
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Madeleen Bosma
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna A Jorgensen
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radbound University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D Margriet Ouwens
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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12
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van de Weijer T, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. Application of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in metabolic research. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:741-748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Abstract
In this review, current imaging techniques and their future perspectives in the field of cardiac metabolic imaging in humans are discussed. This includes a range of noninvasive imaging techniques, allowing a detailed investigation of cardiac metabolism in health and disease. The main imaging modalities discussed are magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques for determination of metabolite content (triglycerides, glucose, ATP, phosphocreatine, and so on), MRI for myocardial perfusion, and single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography for quantitation of perfusion and substrate uptake.
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14
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Timmers S, de Ligt M, Phielix E, van de Weijer T, Hansen J, Moonen-Kornips E, Schaart G, Kunz I, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Schrauwen P. Resveratrol as Add-on Therapy in Subjects With Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:2211-2217. [PMID: 27852684 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether resveratrol supplementation can improve insulin sensitivity and promote overall metabolic health on top of standard diabetes care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventeen subjects with well-controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) were treated with placebo and 150 mg/day resveratrol (resVida) in a randomized double-blind crossover study for 30 days. The main outcome measure was insulin sensitivity by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. RESULTS Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity were not affected by resveratrol treatment. Intrahepatic lipid content also remained unaffected by resveratrol; however, the change in intrahepatic lipid content correlated negatively with plasma resveratrol levels (R = -0.68, P = 0.03). Intramyocellular lipid content increased in type 2 muscle fibers (P = 0.03), and systolic blood pressure tended to decrease (P = 0.09) upon resveratrol treatment. In addition, resveratrol significantly improved ex vivo mitochondrial function (state 3 and state U respiration upon malate with octanoyl-carnitine, P < 0.005). Intriguingly, a correlation was found between plasma levels of a metabolite of resveratrol (dihydroresveratrol) and the metformin dose used by the patients (R = 0.66, P = 0.005), suggesting an interaction between metformin and resveratrol. It could be speculated that the lack of a resveratrol-induced insulin-sensitizing effect is caused by this interaction. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol supplementation does not improve hepatic or peripheral insulin sensitivity. Our results question the generalized value of resveratrol as an add-on therapy in the treatment of T2D and emphasize the need to perform studies in drug-naive patients with T2D or subjects with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie Timmers
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies de Ligt
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Hansen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Kunz
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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15
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van de Weijer T, Phielix E, Bilet L, Williams EG, Ropelle ER, Bierwagen A, Livingstone R, Nowotny P, Sparks LM, Paglialunga S, Szendroedi J, Havekes B, Moullan N, Pirinen E, Hwang JH, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Hesselink MKC, Auwerx J, Roden M, Schrauwen P. Evidence for a direct effect of the NAD+ precursor acipimox on muscle mitochondrial function in humans. Diabetes 2015; 64:1193-201. [PMID: 25352640 PMCID: PMC4375076 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies showed the potential of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) precursors to increase oxidative phosphorylation and improve metabolic health, but human data are lacking. We hypothesize that the nicotinic acid derivative acipimox, an NAD(+) precursor, would directly affect mitochondrial function independent of reductions in nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. In a multicenter randomized crossover trial, 21 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 57.7 ± 1.1 years, BMI 33.4 ± 0.8 kg/m(2)) received either placebo or acipimox 250 mg three times daily dosage for 2 weeks. Acipimox treatment increased plasma NEFA levels (759 ± 44 vs. 1,135 ± 97 μmol/L for placebo vs. acipimox, P < 0.01) owing to a previously described rebound effect. As a result, skeletal muscle lipid content increased and insulin sensitivity decreased. Despite the elevated plasma NEFA levels, ex vivo mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle increased. Subsequently, we showed that acipimox treatment resulted in a robust elevation in expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene sets and a mitonuclear protein imbalance, which may indicate activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Further studies in C2C12 myotubes confirmed a direct effect of acipimox on NAD(+) levels, mitonuclear protein imbalance, and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that NAD(+) boosters can also directly affect skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Bilet
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Evan G Williams
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Roshan Livingstone
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Nowotny
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabina Paglialunga
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bas Havekes
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Norman Moullan
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jong-Hee Hwang
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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16
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Sparks LM, Bosma M, Brouwers B, van de Weijer T, Bilet L, Schaart G, Moonen-Kornips E, Eichmann TO, Lass A, Hesselink MK, Schrauwen P. Reduced incorporation of fatty acids into triacylglycerol in myotubes from obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:1583-1593. [PMID: 24487026 PMCID: PMC4023412 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Altered skeletal muscle lipid metabolism is a hallmark feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated muscle lipid turnover in T2D versus BMI-matched control subjects (controls) and examined whether putative in vivo differences would be preserved in the myotubes. Male obese T2D individuals (n = 6) and BMI-matched controls (n = 6) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, VO2max test, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, underwater weighing, and muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis. (14)C-palmitate and (14)C-oleate oxidation rates and incorporation into lipids were measured in muscle tissue as well as in primary myotubes. Palmitate oxidation (controls: 0.99 ± 0.17 nmol/mg protein; T2D: 0.53 ± 0.07 nmol/mg protein; P = 0.03) and incorporation of fatty acids (FAs) into triacylglycerol (TAG) (controls: 0.45 ± 0.13 nmol/mg protein; T2D: 0.11 ± 0.02 nmol/mg protein; P = 0.047) were significantly reduced in muscle homogenates of T2D. These reductions were not retained for palmitate oxidation in primary myotubes (P = 0.38); however, incorporation of FAs into TAG was lower in T2D (P = 0.03 for oleate and P = 0.11 for palmitate), with a strong correlation of TAG incorporation between muscle tissue and primary myotubes (r = 0.848, P = 0.008). The data indicate that the ability to incorporate FAs into TAG is an intrinsic feature of human muscle cells that is reduced in individuals with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Sparks
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL
| | - Madeleen Bosma
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Brouwers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lena Bilet
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthijs K.C. Hesselink
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM—School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Departments of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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van de Weijer T, Havekes B, Bilet L, Hoeks J, Sparks L, Bosma M, Paglialunga S, Jorgensen J, Janssen MCH, Schaart G, Sauerwein H, Smeets JL, Wildberger J, Zechner R, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P. Effects of bezafibrate treatment in a patient and a carrier with mutations in the PNPLA2 gene, causing neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy. Circ Res 2013; 112:e51-4. [PMID: 23449549 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.300944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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van de Weijer T, Sparks LM, Phielix E, Meex RC, van Herpen NA, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. Relationships between mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51648. [PMID: 23418416 PMCID: PMC3572106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid accumulation, insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility have been implicated in the etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet their interrelationship remains speculative. We investigated these interrelationships in a group of T2D and obese normoglycemic control subjects. Methods 49 non-insulin dependent male T2D patients and 54 male control subjects were enrolled, and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and indirect calorimetry were performed. A muscle biopsy was taken and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) was measured. In vivo mitochondrial function was measured by PCr recovery in 30 T2D patients and 31 control subjects. Results Fasting NEFA levels were significantly elevated in T2D patients compared with controls, but IMCL was not different. Mitochondrial function in T2D patients was compromised by 12.5% (p<0.01). Whole body glucose disposal (WGD) was higher at baseline and lower after insulin stimulation. Metabolic flexibility (ΔRER) was lower in the type 2 diabetic patients (0.050±0.033 vs. 0.093±0.050, p<0.01). Mitochondrial function was the sole predictor of basal respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (R2 = 0.18, p<0.05); whereas WGD predicted both insulin-stimulated RER (R2 = 0.29, p<0.001) and metabolic flexibility (R2 = 0.40, p<0.001). Conclusions These results indicate that defects in skeletal muscle in vivo mitochondrial function in type 2 diabetic patients are only reflected in basal substrate oxidation and highlight the importance of glucose disposal rate as a determinant of substrate utilization in response to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Marie Sparks
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Carla Meex
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Noud Antonius van Herpen
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Karel C. Hesselink
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Bettina Schrauwen-Hinderling
- School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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19
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van de Weijer T, van Ewijk PA, Zandbergen HR, Slenter JM, Kessels AG, Wildberger JE, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Kooi ME. Geometrical models for cardiac MRI in rodents: comparison of quantification of left ventricular volumes and function by various geometrical models with a full-volume MRI data set in rodents. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H709-15. [PMID: 22101529 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00710.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MRI has been proven to be an accurate method for noninvasive assessment of cardiac function. One of the current limitations of cardiac MRI is that it is time consuming. Therefore, various geometrical models are used, which can reduce scan and postprocessing time. It is unclear how appropriate their use is in rodents. Left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) were quantified based on 7.0 Tesla cine-MRI in 12 wild-type (WT) mice, 12 adipose triglyceride lipase knockout (ATGL(-/-)) mice (model of impaired cardiac function), and 11 rats in which we induced cardiac ischemia. The LV volumes and function were either assessed with parallel short-axis slices covering the full volume of the left ventricle (FV, gold standard) or with various geometrical models [modified Simpson rule (SR), biplane ellipsoid (BP), hemisphere cylinder (HC), single-plane ellipsoid (SP), and modified Teichholz Formula (TF)]. Reproducibility of the different models was tested and results were correlated with the gold standard (FV). All models and the FV data set provided reproducible results for the LV volumes and EF, with interclass correlation coefficients ≥0.87. All models significantly over- or underestimated EF, except for SR. Good correlation was found for all volumes and EF for the SR model compared with the FV data set (R(2) ranged between 0.59-0.95 for all parameters). The HC model and BP model also predicted EF well (R(2) ≥ 0.85), although proved to be less useful for quantitative analysis. The SP and TF models correlated poorly with the FV data set (R(2) ≥ 0.45 for EF and R(2) ≥ 0.29 for EF, respectively). For the reduction in acquisition and postprocessing time, only the SR model proved to be a valuable method for calculating LV volumes, stroke volume, and EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke van de Weijer
- Dept. of Radiology, Maastricht Univ. Medical Centre, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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20
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Timmers S, Konings E, Bilet L, Houtkooper RH, van de Weijer T, Goossens GH, Hoeks J, van der Krieken S, Ryu D, Kersten S, Moonen-Kornips E, Hesselink MKC, Kunz I, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Blaak E, Auwerx J, Schrauwen P. Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans. Cell Metab 2011; 14:612-22. [PMID: 22055504 PMCID: PMC3880862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 917] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural compound that affects energy metabolism and mitochondrial function and serves as a calorie restriction mimetic, at least in animal models of obesity. Here, we treated 11 healthy, obese men with placebo and 150 mg/day resveratrol (resVida) in a randomized double-blind crossover study for 30 days. Resveratrol significantly reduced sleeping and resting metabolic rate. In muscle, resveratrol activated AMPK, increased SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein levels, increased citrate synthase activity without change in mitochondrial content, and improved muscle mitochondrial respiration on a fatty acid-derived substrate. Furthermore, resveratrol elevated intramyocellular lipid levels and decreased intrahepatic lipid content, circulating glucose, triglycerides, alanine-aminotransferase, and inflammation markers. Systolic blood pressure dropped and HOMA index improved after resveratrol. In the postprandial state, adipose tissue lipolysis and plasma fatty acid and glycerol decreased. In conclusion, we demonstrate that 30 days of resveratrol supplementation induces metabolic changes in obese humans, mimicking the effects of calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie Timmers
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Konings
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Bilet
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van der Krieken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kunz
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Radiology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
As obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming an epidemic in westernized countries, the incidence and prevalence of obesity- and diabetes-related co-morbidities are increasing. In type 2 diabetes ectopic lipid accumulation in the heart has been associated with cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis, a process termed lipotoxicity. Since cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in diabetic patients, diagnosis and treatment become increasingly important. Although ischaemic heart disease is a major problem in diabetes, non-ischaemic heart disease (better known as diabetic cardiomyopathy) becomes increasingly important with respect to the impairment of cardiac function and mortality in type 2 diabetes. The underlying aetiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy is incompletely understood but is beginning to be elucidated. Various mechanisms have been proposed that may lead to lipotoxicity. Therefore, this review will focus on the mechanisms of cardiac lipid accumulation and its relation to the development of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Meex RCR, Hesselink MKC, van de Weijer T, Leiner T, Schär M, Lamb HJ, Wildberger JE, Glatz JFC, Schrauwen P, Kooi ME. Cardiac lipid content is unresponsive to a physical activity training intervention in type 2 diabetic patients, despite improved ejection fraction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011; 10:47. [PMID: 21615922 PMCID: PMC3127755 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased cardiac lipid content has been associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. We recently showed that cardiac lipid content is reduced after 12 weeks of physical activity training in healthy overweight subjects. The beneficial effect of exercise training on cardiovascular risk is well established and the decrease in cardiac lipid content with exercise training in healthy overweight subjects was accompanied by improved ejection fraction. It is yet unclear whether diabetic patients respond similarly to physical activity training and whether a lowered lipid content in the heart is necessary for improvements in cardiac function. Here, we investigated whether exercise training is able to lower cardiac lipid content and improve cardiac function in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Eleven overweight-to-obese male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age: 58.4 ± 0.9 years, BMI: 29.9 ± 0.01 kg/m2) followed a 12-week training program (combination endurance/strength training, three sessions/week). Before and after training, maximal whole body oxygen uptake (VO2max) and insulin sensitivity (by hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp) was determined. Systolic function was determined under resting conditions by CINE-MRI and cardiac lipid content in the septum of the heart by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Results VO2max increased (from 27.1 ± 1.5 to 30.1 ± 1.6 ml/min/kg, p = 0.001) and insulin sensitivity improved upon training (insulin stimulated glucose disposal (delta Rd of glucose) improved from 5.8 ± 1.9 to 10.3 ± 2.0 μmol/kg/min, p = 0.02. Left-ventricular ejection fraction improved after training (from 50.5 ± 2.0 to 55.6 ± 1.5%, p = 0.01) as well as cardiac index and cardiac output. Unexpectedly, cardiac lipid content in the septum remained unchanged (from 0.80 ± 0.22% to 0.95 ± 0.21%, p = 0.15). Conclusions Twelve weeks of progressive endurance/strength training was effective in improving VO2max, insulin sensitivity and cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, cardiac lipid content remained unchanged. These data suggest that a decrease in cardiac lipid content in type 2 diabetic patients is not a prerequisite for improvements in cardiac function. Trial registration ISRCTN: ISRCTN43780395
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Meex RC, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Moonen-Kornips E, Schaart G, Mensink M, Phielix E, van de Weijer T, Sels JP, Schrauwen P, Hesselink MK. Restoration of muscle mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetes by exercise training is paralleled by increased myocellular fat storage and improved insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 2010; 59:572-9. [PMID: 20028948 PMCID: PMC2828651 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial dysfunction and fat accumulation in skeletal muscle (increased intramyocellular lipid [IMCL]) have been linked to development of type 2 diabetes. We examined whether exercise training could restore mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen male type 2 diabetic and 20 healthy male control subjects of comparable body weight, BMI, age, and VO2max participated in a 12-week combined progressive training program (three times per week and 45 min per session). In vivo mitochondrial function (assessed via magnetic resonance spectroscopy), insulin sensitivity (clamp), metabolic flexibility (indirect calorimetry), and IMCL content (histochemically) were measured before and after training. RESULTS Mitochondrial function was lower in type 2 diabetic compared with control subjects (P = 0.03), improved by training in control subjects (28% increase; P = 0.02), and restored to control values in type 2 diabetic subjects (48% increase; P < 0.01). Insulin sensitivity tended to improve in control subjects (delta Rd 8% increase; P = 0.08) and improved significantly in type 2 diabetic subjects (delta Rd 63% increase; P < 0.01). Suppression of insulin-stimulated endogenous glucose production improved in both groups (-64%; P < 0.01 in control subjects and -52% in diabetic subjects; P < 0.01). After training, metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetic subjects was restored (delta respiratory exchange ratio 63% increase; P = 0.01) but was unchanged in control subjects (delta respiratory exchange ratio 7% increase; P = 0.22). Starting with comparable pretraining IMCL levels, training tended to increase IMCL content in type 2 diabetic subjects (27% increase; P = 0.10), especially in type 2 muscle fibers. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training restored in vivo mitochondrial function in type 2 diabetic subjects. Insulin-mediated glucose disposal and metabolic flexibility improved in type 2 diabetic subjects in the face of near-significantly increased IMCL content. This indicates that increased capacity to store IMCL and restoration of improved mitochondrial function contribute to improved muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C.R. Meex
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Mensink
- Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Sels
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K.C. Hesselink
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author: Matthijs K.C. Hesselink,
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