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Gang G, Lee MJ, Choi EH, Lee HL, Lee HY, Chang HJ, Choi JH, Yi NY, Lee KE, Chung MJ, Kwak TK. Evaluation on the Nutrition Quotient Scores of Elderly People Living Alone in Korea. Nutrients 2023; 15:3750. [PMID: 37686783 PMCID: PMC10489884 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As the Korean society is aging rapidly, the issues on physical, social, economic, and mental disabilities of single-person households aged 65 years or older has also increased. This study aimed to investigate the nutrition-related dietary conditions of elderly people living alone and determine their dietary behavior by calculating the nutrition quotient for elderly (NQ-E). One hundred and three elderly people living alone who were basic living recipients were recruited from six senior welfare centers in Seoul, and the data were collected using a questionnaire from 19 July 2016 to 17 August 2016, with a 1:1 in-depth interview using the modified version of the NQ-E questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 for Mac (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA); a p value of <0.05 was considered significant. The nutrition-related dietary conditions of the elderly living alone were limited, and many of them received support from the government, which helped improve their diet. The nutrition quotient score of the elderly living alone was 50.14, which was lower than the NQ-E mean score (57.6) of the Korean elderly and the NQ-E (62 points), which is the top 25% of the national survey subjects according to the criteria value presented by the Korean Nutrition Society. Elderly people living alone often have poor dietary habits and nutritional status. The NQ-E presented in this study can be used to evaluate the dietary conditions of the elderly and is expected to be used as an indicator for developing community programs for health promotion and evaluating their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyoungok Gang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min June Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-hui Choi
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ja Chang
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Soongeui Women’s College, 10 Sopa-ro 2-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04628, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Yi
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lee
- Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Chung
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Shingu College, 337 Gwangmyeong-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13174, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Kyung Kwak
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Park SE, Kwon YS, Paik JK, Kwak TK, Hong WS. Perception and practice regarding allergen labeling: focus on food-related employees. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:424-32. [PMID: 27478550 PMCID: PMC4958646 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.4.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Most consumers are able to recognize allergenic foods. However, the frequency of checking such foods is reportedly low, resulting in higher prevalence of food-related allergic reactions in Korea compared to other countries. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the overall perception of allergenic food labeling and its practice level in food manufacturing company employees. SUBJECTS/METHODS The survey was administered to food safety employees and food development teams at food companies located in metropolitan areas. A total of 399 (93.8%) valid samples were used in the final analysis. Statistical analyses, including Frequency Analysis, t-test, Anova, PCA (Principal Component Analysis), and Pearson Correlation Analysis using SPSS ver. 21.0, were performed. RESULTS The correct answer rate in the analysis of allergy-related knowledge level ranged from 15.0% to 89.7%. Analysis of differences in allergy-related perception by knowledge level showed significant differences in introduction of a food recall system, strengthening of relevant laws and regulations, content labeling, description of substitutional food, and differentiated package by age. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that labeling of allergenic foods should be made easier and more convenient for checking by employees, developers, and consumers, and it is necessary to provide contents through the development of publicity, guidelines, or APP along with labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Eun Park
- Department of Foodservice Management and Nutrition, Sangmyung University, 20 Hongjimun 2-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Kwon
- Research Institute of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Paik
- Department of Foodservice Management and Nutrition, Sangmyung University, 20 Hongjimun 2-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Tong-Kyung Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wan-Soo Hong
- Department of Foodservice Management and Nutrition, Sangmyung University, 20 Hongjimun 2-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03016, Korea
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Choi YS, Lee JS, Kim HY, Kwak TK, Chung HR, Kwon S, Choi YJ, Lee SK, Kang MH. Production and evaluation of children's dietary life safety index data on metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea. Nutr Res Pract 2013; 6:542-50. [PMID: 23346305 PMCID: PMC3542445 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.6.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study was performed to produce data of the Children's Dietary Life Safety (CDLS) Index which is required by the Special Act on Safety Management of Children's Dietary Life and to evaluate the CDLS Index for 7 metropolitan cities and 9 provinces in Korea. To calculate the CDLS Index score, data regarding the evaluation indicators in the children's food safety domain and children's nutrition safety domain were collected from the local governments in 2009. For data regarding the indicators in the children's perception & practice domain, a survey was conducted on 2,400 5th grade children selected by stratified sampling in 16 local areas. Relative scores of indicators in each domain were calculated using the data provided by local governments and the survey, the weights are applied on relative scores, and then the CDLS Index scores of local governments were produced by adding scores of the 3 domains. The national average scores of the food safety domain, the nutrition safety domain and the perception and practice domain were 23.74 (14.67-26.50 on a 40-point scale), 16.65 (12.25-19.60 on a 40-point scale), and 14.88 (14.16-15.30 on a 20-point scale), respectively. The national average score of the CDLS Index which was produced by adding the scores of the three domains was 55.27 ranging 46.44-58.94 among local governments. The CDLS Index scores produced in this study may provide the motivation for comparing relative accomplishment and for actively achieving the goals through establishment of the target value by local governments. Also, it can be used as useful data for the establishment and improvement of children's dietary life safety policy at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Choi
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Korea
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Lee AH, Kim KE, Lee KE, Kim SH, Wang TW, Kim KW, Kwak TK. Prevalence of food allergy and perceptions on food allergen labeling in school foodservice among Korean students. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2013.1.3.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Hyun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Earn Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Tae-Whan Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tong-Kyung Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim HY, Lee NR, Lee JS, Choi YS, Kwak TK, Chung HR, Kwon S, Choi YJ, Lee SK, Kang MH. Meal skipping relates to food choice, understanding of nutrition labeling, and prevalence of obesity in Korean fifth grade children. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:328-33. [PMID: 22977687 PMCID: PMC3439577 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.4.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the differences in food choice, nutrition labeling perceptions, and prevalence of obesity due to meal skipping in Korean elementary school children. A national survey was performed in 2010 to collect data on food intake frequency, understanding of nutrition labeling, and body mass index from 2,335 fifth grade students in 118 elementary schools selected from 16 metropolitan local governments by stratified cluster sampling. The data were analyzed using the SAS 9.1 and SUDAAN 10.0 packages. Students who consumed three meals for 6-7 days during the past week were classified into the regular meal eating (RM) group (n = 1,476) and those who did not were placed into the meal skipping (MS) group (n = 859). The daily intake frequency of fruits, vegetables, kimchi, and milk was significantly lower in the MS group compared to that in the RM group (P < 0.001), whereas the daily intake frequency of soft drinks and instant noodles (ramyeon) was significantly higher in the MS group than that in the RM group (P < 0.05). The MS group demonstrated a significantly lower degree of understanding with regard to nutrition labeling and high calorie foods containing low nutritional value than that in the RM group. The distribution of obesity based on the percentile criteria using the Korean growth chart was different between the MS and RM groups. The MS group (8.97%) had a higher percentage of obese subjects than that in the RM group (5.38%). In conclusion, meal skipping was related to poor food choice, low perception of nutrition labeling, and a high prevalence of obesity in Korean fifth grade children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yongin University, Yongin 449-714, Korea
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Kim HY, Kwon S, Lee JS, Choi YS, Chung HR, Kwak TK, Park J, Kang MH. Development of a Nutrition Quotient (NQ) equation modeling for children and the evaluation of its construct validity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4163/kjn.2012.45.4.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yongin University, Yongin 449-714, Korea
| | - Sehyug Kwon
- Department of Statistics, Hannam University, Daejeon 306-791, Korea
| | - Jung-Sug Lee
- FANSA (Food and Nutrition Statistical Analysis), Seoul 153-764, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Choi
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Korea
| | | | - Tong-Kyung Kwak
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | | | - Myung-Hee Kang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daeduk Valley Campus, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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Park SH, Kwak TK, Chang HJ. Evaluation of the food safety training for food handlers in restaurant operations. Nutr Res Pract 2010; 4:58-68. [PMID: 20198210 PMCID: PMC2830416 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the extent of improvement of food safety knowledge and practices of employee through food safety training. Employee knowledge and practice for food safety were evaluated before and after the food safety training program. The training program and questionnaires for evaluating employee knowledge and practices concerning food safety, and a checklist for determining food safety performance of restaurants were developed. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Twelve restaurants participated in this study. We split them into two groups: the intervention group with training, and the control group without food safety training. Employee knowledge of the intervention group also showed a significant improvement in their score, increasing from 49.3 before the training to 66.6 after training. But in terms of employee practices and the sanitation performance, there were no significant increases after the training. From these results, we recommended that the more job-specific and hand-on training materials for restaurant employees should be developed and more continuous implementation of the food safety training and integration of employee appraisal program with the outcome of safety training were needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Park
- Imported Food Analysis Division Center for Food and Drug Analysis, Gyeongin Regional Food and Drug Administration, Incheon 402-825, Korea
| | - Tong-Kyung Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hye-Ja Chang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Dankook University, Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Youngin 448-701, Korea
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Kwak TK, Chang HJ. Advancing institutional dietetics and school nutrition program in Korea. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2008; 17 Suppl 1:352-356. [PMID: 18296377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
More than 21,000 practicing dietitians are working in the various fields of institutional foodservice settings in Korea. For the effective placement and practice of dietitians in their special areas, proper enactment and implementation of required legislations shall be imperative. Following legislations are few of those: regulations for dietitians enacted in 1963 in accordance with decree of the Ministry of Health and Social Affair; the School Meals Act in 1981; placement regulation for dietitians in childcare and nursery facilities with over 100 children under the enforcement of Infant Care Act of 1991; regulation for nutrition improvement program stated in the National Health Promotion Act of 1995; enforcement regulation for the placement of dietitians in public health centers under the Regional Public Health Act of 1997; amendment of School Meal Act and Primary and Secondary Education Act in 2003 stating that school shall have the nutrition education teacher who is dietitian qualified and passed national teacher qualifying examination; amendment of the Ministry of Health and Welfare Notification in 2003 enabled clinical dietitians at hospitals to bill a medical nutrition therapy service fee officially to patients with the following diseases: diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, and cancer; and amendment of the Justice Department and its Affiliates Notification in 2006 stating dietitians are placed at correction facilities. Newly introduced nutrition teachers who have tasks of nutrition education and meal service management were arranged at 4,134 schools of public or national primary and secondary as well as special schools for the handicapped in September, 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Kyung Kwak
- Yonsei University, Department of Food and Nutrition, Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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