Treatment outcomes of radiotherapy for malignant psoas syndrome: A single-center retrospective study

INTRODUCTION

The efficacy of radiotherapy for symptomatic relief of malignant psoas syndrome (MPS) remains unknown because there are limited publications with high level evidence, including analyses with sufficient number of cases, clinical trials, and systematic reviews about radiotherapy for MPS. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of and symptom relief rates in patients treated with radiotherapy for MPS in palliative intent.

METHODS

In this single-center retrospective study, we analyzed data of 22 consecutive patients treated with radiotherapy for MPS at our institution in Japan between 2012 and 2022. We recorded patient characteristics, including primary site, invasion pattern, recognition of MPS by the attending physician, radiation regimen, biological effective dose with α/β = 10 Gy (BED10), and adverse events. Since no objective evaluation index for palliative radiotherapy for non-bone metastases has been established, we modified and used an International Consensus on Palliative Radiotherapy Endpoint, which was originally used for bone metastases, to evaluate symptom relief in the present retrospective study. "Response" was defined as symptom relief described in medical records or the use of analgesic medications reduced by ≥25% within 3 months post-initiation of radiotherapy.

RESULTS

Genitourinary organs (41%) were the most common primary-tumor sites. MPS was caused by metastasis in the iliopsoas muscle in 14 patients (64%) and by direct invasion of the primary tumor in eight patients (36%). Since the optimal radiation dose for MPS has not been established, the radiation dose varied from low dose, which are used in palliative radiotherapy for painful bone metastases, to high dose with conventional fraction using 1.8 to 2 Gy per fraction, with a median BED10 of 48 Gy (range, 10.6-79.2 Gy). Fifteen patients (68%) achieved a response. No acute nor late adverse events of grade 2 or higher, according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0, were reported during the observation period.

CONCLUSION

Radiotherapy for symptomatic MPS might be an effective treatment option with a high response rate (68%) and minimal adverse events. Since the present study is a retrospective study with small number of cases, a prospective study with a larger sample size is required.

Protein-Ligand Interaction Analyses with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Enhanced by Dissolution Triplet Dynamic Nuclear Polarization

Solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful method for the analysis of intermolecular interactions within a biomolecular system. However, low sensitivity is one of the major obstacles of NMR. We improved the sensitivity of solution-state ¹³C NMR for the observation of intermolecular interactions between protein and ligand using hyperpolarized solution samples at room temperature. Eutectic crystals composed of ¹³C-salicylic acid and benzoic acid doped with pentacene were hyperpolarized by dynamic nuclear polarization using photoexcited triplet electrons, and a ¹³C nuclear polarization of 0.72 ± 0.07% was achieved after dissolution. The binding of human serum albumin and ¹³C-salicylate was observed with several hundred times sensitivity enhancement under mild conditions. The established ¹³C NMR was applied for pharmaceutical NMR experiments by observation of the partial return of the ¹³C chemical shift of salicylate by competitive binding with other non-isotope-labeled drugs.

Hotspot analysis of COVID-19 infection using mobile-phone location data

Restrictions on outdoor activities are required to suppress the COVID-19 pandemic. To monitor social risks and control the pandemic through sustainable restrictions, we focus on the relationship between the number of people going out and the effective reproduction number. The novelty of this study is that we have considered influx population instead of staying-population, as the data represent congestion. This enables us to apply our analysis method to all meshes because the influx population may always represent the congestion of specific areas, which include the residential areas as well. In this study, we report the correlation between the influx population in downtown areas and business districts in Tokyo during the pandemic considering the effective reproduction number and associated time delay. Moreover, we validate our method and the influx population data by confirming the consistency of the results with those of the previous research and epidemiological studies. As a result, it is confirmed that the social risk with regard to the spread of COVID-19 infection when people travel to downtown areas and business districts is high, and the risk when people visit only residential areas is low.

Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype with leptomeningeal metastasis to Meckel's cave: A case report

Meckel’s cave or the trigeminal cistern is a subarachnoid space near the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and contains cerebrospinal fluid and the Gasserian ganglion, which divides into the ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) nerves. Infectious, inflammatory, congenital, and neoplastic lesions can occur in Meckel’s cave. Leptomeningeal metastasis of glioblastoma (GBM), IDH-wildtype to Meckel’s cave is rare. We encountered a case of leptomeningeal metastasis of GBM to Meckel’s cave in an elderly female patient who presented with pain around her right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhancing lesions in the right temporal lobe and cervical spinal cord. The pathological diagnosis of GBM was confirmed after biopsy of the cervical spinal cord lesion, which showed hyperaccumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on FDG-positron emission tomography. This case indicates that metastatic lesions can also occur in Meckel’s cave.

Discovery of a novel series of GPR119 agonists: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of N-(Piperidin-4-yl)-N-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives

We undertook an optimization effort involving propan-2-yl 4-({6-[5-(methanesulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl]pyrimidin-4-yl}oxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate 1, which we had previously discovered as a novel G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonist. To occupy a presumed hydrophobic space between the pyrimidine and piperidine rings in interaction with GPR119, we replaced the linker oxygen with nitrogen. Subsequently, the introduction of a substituent at the bridging nitrogen atom was explored. We found that the installation of N-trifluoromethyl group 10 not only enhanced GPR119 agonist activity but also considerably improved the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) inhibition profile. These improvements were not observed for non-fluorinated substituents, such as ethyl analog 8b. The next optimization effort focused on the exploration of a new surrogate structure for the indoline ring and the isosteric replacements of the piperidine N-Boc group to improve solubility, metabolic stability, and oral bioavailability. As a result, N-{1-[3-(2-fluoropropan-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-6-{[1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]oxy}-N-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine (27) was identified as a potent and orally bioavailable GPR119 agonist. This compound augmented insulin secretion and effectively lowered plasma glucose excursion in a diabetic animal model after oral administration. In this study, we discuss the designs, syntheses, and biological activities of a novel series of N-(piperidin-4-yl)-N-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives as GPR119 agonists, and to determine the distinctive effect of the N-trifluoromethyl group on hERG inhibition, we also discuss the conformational preference of representative compounds.

POS0286 INCIDENCE OF MALIGNANCIES IN JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: DATA FROM A LARGE JAPANESE NATIONAL REGISTRY

Background:

Patients (pts) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of some malignancies vs the general population, and this can vary by region/race.1,2 Data on the epidemiology and impact of biological (b)DMARDs and targeted synthetic (ts)DMARDs, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, on the incidence of malignancies in Japanese pts with RA are limited. The National Database of Rheumatic Diseases in Japan (NinJa) is one of the largest RA registries in Japan.

Objectives:

To evaluate the incidence of malignancies in Japanese pts with RA using NinJa registry data.

Methods:

This retrospective observational study analysed NinJa registry data for Japanese pts with RA aged ≥18 years with ≥1 data entry between 2013 (first JAK inhibitor approval for RA in Japan) and 2018. The overall cohort included all pts with RA, and two sub-cohorts were analysed: pts exposed and unexposed to bDMARDs (exposure defined as ≥1 bDMARD reported in database). Crude incidence rates (IRs) for malignancies (including non-melanoma skin cancer) were calculated as the number of events per 100 pt-years of follow-up (time between start of follow-up or the date of first bDMARD exposure [for bDMARD-exposed pts] and end of observation period, or withdrawal from database). The most recent data for incidence of malignancy in the Japanese general population (2013–2017 data from the National Cancer Center, Japan) were used to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and age- and sex-adjusted standardised rates (ASRs) for malignancies. Cross-sectional (per calendar year) and cumulative analyses were performed for the overall cohort. Cumulative rates were calculated for sub-cohorts, and all cumulative analyses were repeated excluding pts exposed to JAK inhibitors (ie ≥1 JAK inhibitor reported in database).

Results:

Data were collected for 26 607 Japanese pts with RA from 2013–2018. In the cross-sectional analysis (Table 1), the SIR and ASR for malignancies in all pts with RA were generally consistent from 2013–2018. In the cumulative analysis, the SIR (95% CI) for malignancies from 2013–2018 was 0.97 (0.91, 1.03) in all pts with RA, and 0.93 (0.82, 1.04) and 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) in pts exposed and unexposed to bDMARDs, respectively (Figure 1). Adjusting for age/sex, the cumulative ASR (95% CI) for malignancies from 2013–2018 was 0.83 (0.76, 0.90) in all pts with RA, and 0.82 (0.69, 0.95) and 0.86 (0.77, 0.96) in pts exposed and unexposed to bDMARDs, respectively (Figure 1). In all cohorts, the cumulative SIR and ASR were similar when pts exposed to JAK inhibitors were excluded (Figure 1).

Table 1.

Cross-sectional analysis of the incidence of malignancies in Japanese pts with RA from 2013–2018

All RA2013 (N=13 423)2014 (N=15 584)2015 (N=15 751)2016 (N=16 107)2017 (N=15 994)2018(N=15 003)Total follow-up, PY13 35314 86614 82914 97014 74814 898Pts with events, n140164174168161211Crude IRa(95% CI)1.05(0.89, 1.24)1.10(0.95, 1.29)1.17(1.01, 1.36)1.12(0.97, 1.31)1.09(0.94, 1.27)1.42(1.24, 1.62)ASRa,b(95% CI)0.76(0.60, 0.93)0.76(0.62, 0.90)0.90(0.68, 1.11)0.88(0.68, 1.07)0.80(0.62, 0.98)0.88(0.74, 1.01)SIRb(95% CI)0.97(0.82, 1.14)1.01(0.86, 1.17)1.02(0.87, 1.18)0.88(0.75, 1.02)0.86(0.73, 1.00)1.10(0.95, 1.25)

aIR/ASR were calculated as number of events per 100 PY of follow-up

bData from a Japanese general population database of malignancy incidence from 2013–2017, provided by the Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Japan

PY, pt-years

Conclusion:

The incidence of malignancies in Japanese pts with RA, registered in the NinJa database from 2013–2018, was similar to that in the Japanese general population. The SIR and ASR for malignancies were comparable in pts exposed and unexposed to bDMARDs. In all cohorts, rates did not increase when pts exposed to JAK inhibitors were included.

References:

[1] Dougados et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73: 62-68.

[2] Parikh-Patel et al. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20: 1001-1010.

Acknowledgements:

Study sponsored by Pfizer Inc. Medical writing support was provided by Christina Viegelmann, CMC Connect, and funded by Pfizer Inc.

Disclosure of Interests:

Toshihiro Matsui Speakers bureau: Astellas, Ayumi, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Ono, Pfizer Inc, Takeda, Tanabe-Mitsubishi, Consultant of: Pfizer Inc, Grant/research support from: Chugai, Naonobu Sugiyama Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Shigeyuki Toyoizumi Employee of: Pfizer R&D Japan, Fujio Matsuyama Consultant of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: CRECON Medical Assessment Inc, Tatsunori Murata Consultant of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: CRECON Medical Assessment Inc, Yukitomo Urata Speakers bureau: Asahi Kasei, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Pfizer Inc, Consultant of: AbbVie, Asahi Kasei, Chugai, Pfizer Inc, Kimito Kawahata Speakers bureau: Pfizer Inc, Consultant of: Pfizer Inc, Grant/research support from: Pfizer Inc, Shigeto Tohma Speakers bureau: Astellas, Ayumi, Chugai, Ono, Pfizer Inc, Takeda, Consultant of: Pfizer Inc

Discovery of a novel series of indolinylpyrimidine-based GPR119 agonists: Elimination of ether-a-go-go-related gene liability using a hydrogen bond acceptor-focused approach

We previously identified a novel series of indolinylpyrimidine derivatives exemplified by 2 in Figure 1, which is an indoline based derivative, as potent GPR119 agonists. Despite the attractive potency of 2, this compound inhibited the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) K⁺ channel. We elucidated crucial roles of the methylsulfonyl group of 2 in its interaction with the hERG channel and the GPR119 receptor, presumably as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). To remove the undesirable hERG inhibitory activity, a strategy was implemented to arrange an HBA on a less conformationally flexible framework at the indoline 5-position instead of the methylsulfonyl group. This successfully led to the discovery of a piperidinone ring as a desirable motif at the indoline 5-position, which could minimize hERG liability as shown by 24b. Further optimization focused on the reduction of lipophilicity in terms of more favorable drug-like properties. Consequently, the introduction of a hydroxy group at the 3-position of the piperidinone ring effectively reduced lipophilicity without compromising GPR119 potency, resulting in the identification of (3S)-3-hydroxy-1-{1-[6-({1-[3-(propan-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]piperidin-4-yl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]- 2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl}piperidin-2-one ((S)-29) as a novel, potent, and orally bioavailable GPR119 agonist with a well-balanced profile. The pharmacological effects of this compound were also confirmed after single and chronic oral administration in diabetic animal models.

Statins bring the prognostic impact only in peripheral artery disease patients with elevated c-reactive proteins -subanalysis from multicenter registry-

Introduction

Recent trials demonstrated favorable effects of statins on the clinical prognosis, partly through anti-inflammatory properties, in patients with coronary artery disease. However, this favorable effect has not been fully verified in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We hypothesized that statins exert different prognostic effects depending on the degrees of inflammation at the time of endovascular therapy (EVT).

Methods

This study is a subanalysis from the Toma-Code Registry that is a Japanese prospective cohort of 2,321 consecutive patients with PAD treated by endovascular therapy in hospitals from 2014 to 2016. After the exclusion of patients without information of C-reactive protein (CRP) at the time of index EVT, 2,039 patients including 1,039 statin users and 1,000 statin non-users were ultimately analyzed. The patient enrolled were divided into 4 categories depending on CRP level at the time of EVT; Low-CRP (<0.1 mg/dL), Intermediate-low-CRP (0.1–0.3 mg/dL), Intermediate-High-CRP (0.3–1.0 mg/dL), and High-CRP (>1.0 mg/dL). A composite of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and major amputation as the primary endpoint of this study was compared between statin users and non-users in each CRP category.

Results

The composite endpoint occurred in 255 patients during the observation period. Overall, statin users had a significantly lower event rate than non-users (Log-rank test: P<0.001). However, there were no significant difference in the event rates between statin users and non-users in the Low-, and Intermediate-Low-CRP categories. Only in the Intermediate-High- and the High-CRP categories, statin users showed a significantly lower event rates than non-users (P=0.02 and P=0.008, respectively, Figures). Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis in the High-CRP group revealed that statin use was independently associated with the primary endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.67 [95% confidence interval: 0.45–0.99]), even after the adjustment of covariants.

Conclusion

Statins may exert a favorable prognostic effect in PAD patients with highly elevated CRP, but not in those with low to moderate CRP level.

Event free survival

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding source: None

Prostaglandin D2 metabolite is not a useful clinical indicator for assessing atopic dermatitis

Prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂ ) plays an important role in atopic dermatitis (AD), and 11,15-dioxo-9α-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetranorprostan-1,20-dioicacid (PGDM) is a major metabolite of PGD₂ . We investigated the relationship between urinary PGDM levels and severity of paediatric AD. In total, 31 patients with AD and 21 healthy controls (HCs) without AD were recruited, and urinary PGDM levels were measured. Of the 31 patients with AD, 14 were reassessed for urinary PGDM after topical steroid therapy. There was no difference in urinary PGDM levels between patients with AD and HCs. Although there was a significant positive correlation between the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index and the serum level of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), the urinary PGDM levels did not correlate with either SCORAD or serum TARC. Moreover, both SCORAD and serum TARC were significantly improved by topical steroid therapy; however, urinary PGDM levels were not changed. In conclusion, the level of urinary PGD₂ metabolites in children with AD is substantially the same as that in HCs even if the disease is severe.

Cytohistology of morule in cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma

INTRODUCTION

Cribriform-morular variant (CMV) is a rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. It frequently occurs in association with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), although some cases are sporadic. Herein, we report a case of CMV and analyse morule cytohistology.

CASE REPORT

The patient was a 47-year-old woman with no familial history of FAP. A 3.0-cm unifocal mass was identified in the left thyroidal lobe. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed papillary clusters of atypical cells with nuclear grooves, which was suspected to be conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma. Histologically, the tumour comprised a papillary and cribriform growth of atypical cells with cytoplasmic accumulation and nuclear translocation of b-catenin. In addition, frequent morule formation was identified.

DISCUSSION

In this case, we performed morule analysis through correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM), and revealed its ultrastructure. Although CMV is a rare form of thyroid carcinoma, it should be considered along with its distinct clinicopathological characteristics.

Inhibitory effects of Sanguisorba officinalis root extract on HYBID (KIAA1199)-mediated hyaluronan degradation and skin wrinkling

OBJECTIVES

Hyaluronan (HA), an important constituent of extracellular matrix in the skin, has many biological activities such as hydration that contributes to firmness and bounciness of the skin. We have reported that reduction in HA in the papillary dermis and over-expression of HYBID (HYaluronan Binding protein Involved in hyaluronan Depolymerization, alias KIAA1199 or CEMIP), a key molecule for HA degradation in skin fibroblasts, are implicated in facial skin wrinkling in Japanese and Caucasian women. However, little or no information is available for substances which inhibit the HYBID-mediated HA degradation.

METHODS

Inhibition of Sanguisorba officinalis root extract and ziyuglycoside I, one of the components of Sanguisorba officinalis root extract, to the HYBID-mediated HA degradation was assessed by size-exclusion chromatography of HA depolymerized by stable transfectants of HYBID in HEK293 cells (HYBID/HEK293 cells) or normal human skin fibroblasts (Detroit 551 cells and NHDF-Ad cells). The HYBID mRNA and protein expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting in the skin fibroblasts treated with Sanguisorba officinalis root extract, and size distribution of newly produced HA was evaluated by preparing metabolically radiolabelled HA. A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study was carried out in the 21 healthy Japanese women, who were topically treated with the formulation containing Sanguisorba officinalis root extract or the placebo on each side of the face including crow's foot area.

RESULTS

Sanguisorba officinalis root extract, but not ziyuglycoside I, abolished HYBID-mediated HA degradation by HYBID/HEK293 cells. Sanguisorba officinalis root extract also inhibited HYBID-mediated HA degradation in skin fibroblasts by down-regulating HYBID mRNA and protein expression. Although control untreated skin fibroblasts produced polydispersed HA, the cells treated with Sanguisorba officinalis root extract produced only high-molecular-weight HA. Treatment with Sanguisorba officinalis root extract-formulated lotion significantly improved skin elasticity, and reduced skin wrinkling scores at the outer eye corner compared with the placebo formulation.

CONCLUSION

Sanguisorba officinalis root extract showed an anti-HYBID-mediated HA degradation activity and anti-wrinkle activity on human facial skin, which is accompanied by the improvement in elasticity. Our study provides the possibility of a new strategy to inhibit HYBID-mediated HA degradation for anti-wrinkle care.

Production cross sections of Mo, Nb and Zr radioisotopes from α-induced reaction on natZr

Cross sections of α-induced reactions on natural zirconium were measured up to 50 MeV using the stacked-foil technique, activation method and high resolution γ-ray spectrometry. The production cross sections of ^93m,99Mo, ^{90g,92m,95g,95m,96}Nb and ^88,89g,95Zr were determined and compared with other experimental data measured earlier and result of theoretical calculations. The integral thick target yield of ⁹⁹Mo was deduced from the measured cross section data.

Randomized phase III and extension studies: efficacy and impacts on quality of life of naldemedine in subjects with opioid-induced constipation and cancer

BACKGROUND

The efficacy and safety of naldemedine (a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist) for opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in subjects with cancer was demonstrated in the primary report of a phase III, double-blind study (COMPOSE-4) and its open-label extension (COMPOSE-5). The primary end point, the proportion of spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) responders, was met. Here, we report results from secondary end points, including quality of life (QOL) assessments from these studies.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In COMPOSE-4, eligible adults with OIC and cancer were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive once-daily oral naldemedine 0.2 mg (n = 97) or placebo (n = 96) for 2 weeks, and those who continued on to COMPOSE-5 received naldemedine for 12 weeks (n = 131). Secondary assessments in COMPOSE-4 included the proportion of complete SBM (CSBM) responders, SBM or CSBM responders by week, and subjects with ≥1 SBM or CSBM within 24 h postinitial dose. Changes from baseline in the frequency of SBMs or CSBMs per week were assessed at weeks 1 and 2. Time to the first SBM or CSBM postinitial dose was also evaluated. In both studies, QOL impact was evaluated by Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM) and PAC-QOL questionnaires.

RESULTS

Naldemedine improved bowel function for all secondary efficacy assessments versus placebo (all P ≤ 0.0002). The timely onset of naldemedine activity versus placebo was evidenced by median time to the first SBM (4.7 h versus 26.6 h) and CSBM (24.0 h versus 218.5 h) postinitial dose (all P < 0.0001). In COMPOSE-4, significant differences between groups were observed with the PAC-SYM stool domain (P = 0.045) and PAC-QOL dissatisfaction domain (P = 0.015). In COMPOSE-5, significant improvements from baseline were observed for overall and individual domain scores of PAC-SYM and PAC-QOL.

CONCLUSIONS

Naldemedine provided effective and timely symptomatic relief from OIC and improved the QOL of subjects with OIC and cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID: www.ClinicalTrials.jp: JAPIC-CTI-132340 (COMPOSE-4) and JAPIC-CTI-132342 (COMPOSE-5).

Towards a unified model of neutrino-nucleus reactions for neutrino oscillation experiments

A precise description of neutrino-nucleus reactions will play a key role in addressing fundamental questions such as the leptonic CP violation and the neutrino mass hierarchy through analyzing data from next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments. The neutrino energy relevant to the neutrino-nucleus reactions spans a broad range and, accordingly, the dominant reaction mechanism varies across the energy region from quasi-elastic scattering through nucleon resonance excitations to deep inelastic scattering. This corresponds to transitions of the effective degree of freedom for theoretical description from nucleons through meson-baryon to quarks. The main purpose of this review is to report our recent efforts towards a unified description of the neutrino-nucleus reactions over the wide energy range; recent overall progress in the field is also sketched. Starting with an overview of the current status of neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments, we formulate the cross section to be commonly used for the reactions over all the energy regions. A description of the neutrino-nucleon reactions follows and, in particular, a dynamical coupled-channels model for meson productions in and beyond the [Formula: see text](1232) region is discussed in detail. We then discuss the neutrino-nucleus reactions, putting emphasis on our theoretical approaches. We start the discussion with electroweak processes in few-nucleon systems studied with the correlated Gaussian method. Then we describe quasi-elastic scattering with nuclear spectral functions, and meson productions with a [Formula: see text]-hole model. Nuclear modifications of the parton distribution functions determined through a global analysis are also discussed. Finally, we discuss issues to be addressed for future developments.

Chemical constituents of aerial parts of Thymus gobicus and their cholinesterase inhibitory activities

From an acetone-water (3:2) extract of aerial parts of Thymus gobicus Czern. (31.1 g), compounds 1-8 were obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on spectroscopic data, the isolated compounds were identified as rosmarinic acid (1), monardic acid A (2), nepetoidin B (3), aromadendrin (4), apigenin (5), chrysoriol (6), apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (7), and apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (8). Compound 2 was a (7R,8R)-diastereomer of lithospermic acid (2a). Although it was reported that the anti-allergic activity of lithospermic acid was higher than that of 2, the acetylcholine inhibitory activity of 2 was higher than that of lithospermic acid.

Comparison of oncological safety between nipple sparing mastectomy and total mastectomy using propensity score matching

INTRODCUTION

Although nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) has attracted increased recognition as an alternative to traditional mastectomy approaches, its oncological safety is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the local recurrence rate between NSM and total mastectomy (TM).

METHODS

Between 2003 and 2013, 121 and 557 patients with stage 0-III breast cancer underwent NSM and TM respectively. Multivariate Cox regression and propensity score models were used to compare the two groups.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference in the five-year local recurrence rate between the NSM and TM groups (7.6% vs 4.9%, p=0.398). In multivariate analysis, NSM was not a risk factor for local recurrence (hazard ratio: 1.653, 95% confidence interval: 0.586-4.663, p=0.343). Propensity score matching found similar five-year local recurrence free survival rates between the two groups (92.3% vs 93.7%, p=0.655).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that NSM may provide oncological safety comparable with mastectomy for carefully selected patients.

Periostin of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts promotes migration of human mesenchymal stem cell through the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

The periodontal ligament (PDL) is characterized by rapid turnover, high remodeling capacity and high inherent regenerative potential compared with other connective tissues. Periostin, which is highly expressed in the fibroblasts in the PDL, has been widely discussed in relation to collagen fibrillogenesis in the PDL. Recently, several reports have indicated periostin in cell migration. The aim of this study was to examine whether human PDL fibroblasts (hPDLFs) with high levels of periostin expression promote the migration of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The migration of hMSCs was examined by transwell chamber migration assay under different conditions: medium alone, hPDLFs, human dermal fibroblasts, recombinant periostin, integrin αvβ3 blocking antibody (anti-CD51/61 antibody) and inhibitors of FAK (PF431396) and PI3K (LY294002). Phosphorylation of FAK and Akt in hMSCs under stimulation of periostin was examined by western blotting.

RESULTS

The migration assay revealed that the number of migrated hMSCs by hPDLFs was significantly larger than those by dermal fibroblasts, periostin small interfering RNA hPDLFs and medium alone. Furthermore, recombinant periostin also strongly induced hMSC migration. The addition of anti-CD51/61 antibody, PF431396 and LY294002 caused a significant reduction in the number of migrated hMSCs respectively. The anti-CD51/61 antibody inhibited both FAK and Akt phosphorylations under periostin stimulation. PF431396 inhibited both FAK and Akt phosphorylations. LY294002 inhibited only Akt phosphorylation, and FAK phosphorylation was not influenced under periostin stimulation.

CONCLUSION

Periostin expression in hPDLFs promotes the migration of hMSCs through the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro.

Economic evaluation of a preemptive treatment strategy for invasive fungal infection in neutropenic patients with hematological diseases

We compared the expected medical costs of empirical and preemptive treatment strategies for invasive fungal infection in neutropenic patients with hematological diseases. Based on the results of two clinical trials with different backgrounds reported by Oshima et al. [J Antimicrob Chemother 60(2):350-355; Oshima study] and Cordonnier et al. [Clin Infect Dis 48(8):1042-1051; PREVERT study], we developed a decision tree model that represented the outcomes of empirical and preemptive treatment strategies, and estimated the expected medical costs of medications and examinations in the two strategies. We assumed that micafungin was started in the empirical group at 5 days after fever had developed, while voriconazole was started in the preemptive group only when certain criteria, such as positive test results of imaging studies and/or serum markers, were fulfilled. When we used an incidence of positive test results of 6.7 % based on the Oshima study, the expected medical costs of the empirical and preemptive groups were 288,198 and 150,280 yen, respectively. Even in the case of the PREVERT study, in which the incidence of positive test results was 32.9 %, the expected medical costs in the empirical and preemptive groups were 291,871 and 284,944 yen, respectively. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the expected medical costs in the preemptive group would exceed those in the empirical group when the incidence of positive test results in the former was over 34.4 %. These results suggest that a preemptive treatment strategy can be expected to reduce medical costs compared with empirical therapy in most clinical settings.

Development of multichannel low-energy neutron spectrometer

A multichannel low-energy neutron spectrometer for down-scattered neutron (DSN) measurements in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments has been developed. Our compact-size 256-channel lithium-glass-scintillator-based spectrometer has been implemented and tested in ICF experiments with the GEKKO XII laser. We have performed time calibration of the 256-channel analog-to-digital convertor system used for DSN measurements via X-ray pulse signals. We have clearly observed the DD-primary fusion neutron signal and have successfully studied the detector's impulse response. Our detector is soon to be implemented in future ICF experiments.

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: important signaling modulators and therapeutic targets

By catalyzing hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are critical regulators of their intracellular concentrations and their biological effects. As these intracellular second messengers control many cellular homeostatic processes, dysregulation of their signals and signaling pathways initiate or modulate pathophysiological pathways related to various disease states, including erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, acute refractory cardiac failure, intermittent claudication, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and psoriasis. Alterations in expression of PDEs and PDE-gene mutations (especially mutations in PDE6, PDE8B, PDE11A, and PDE4) have been implicated in various diseases and cancer pathologies. PDEs also play important role in formation and function of multimolecular signaling/regulatory complexes, called signalosomes. At specific intracellular locations, individual PDEs, together with pathway-specific signaling molecules, regulators, and effectors, are incorporated into specific signalosomes, where they facilitate and regulate compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways and specific cellular functions. Currently, only a limited number of PDE inhibitors (PDE3, PDE4, PDE5 inhibitors) are used in clinical practice. Future paths to novel drug discovery include the crystal structure-based design approach, which has resulted in generation of more effective family-selective inhibitors, as well as burgeoning development of strategies to alter compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways by selectively targeting individual PDEs and their signalosome partners.

Multiple roles of the PGE2 -EP receptor signal in vascular permeability

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

PGE2 is a major prostanoid that regulates inflammation by stimulating EP1-4 receptors. However, how PGE2 induces an initial inflammatory response to vascular hyper-permeability remains unknown. Here we investigated the role of the PGE2 -EP receptor signal in modulating vascular permeability both in vivo and in vitro.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

We used a modified Miles assay and intravital microscopy to examine vascular permeability in vivo. Endothelial barrier property was assessed by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) in vitro.

KEY RESULTS

Local administration of PGE2 , an EP2 or EP4 receptor agonist into FVB/NJcl mouse ear skin caused vascular leakage, indicated by dye extravasation. Intravital microscopy and laser Doppler blood-flow imaging revealed that these treatments dilated peripheral vessels and increased local blood flow. Pretreatment with the vasoconstrictor phenylephrine inhibited the PGE2 -induced blood flow increase and vascular leakage. In contrast to the EP2 and EP4 receptor agonists, administration of an EP3 receptor agonist suppressed vascular leakage without altering vascular diameter or blood flow. In isolated HUVECs, the EP3 receptor agonist elevated TER and blocked thrombin-induced dextran passage. Inhibiting PKA restored the hypo-permeability induced by the EP3 receptor agonist.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

Activation of the PGE2 -EP2 or -EP4 receptor signal induces vasodilatation in mural cells, resulting in increased local blood flow and hyper-permeability. In contrast, activation of the PGE2 -EP3 receptor signal induces a cAMP-dependent enhancement of the endothelial barrier, leading to hypo-permeability. We provide the first evidence that endothelial cells and mural cells cooperate to modulate vascular permeability.

PDGF and TGF-β promote tenascin-C expression in subepithelial myofibroblasts and contribute to intestinal mucosal protection in mice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Tenascin-C (TnC) is a multi-domain extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is expressed at a high level during embryogenesis but is almost absent during normal postnatal life. This multi-domain complex molecule is reported to associate with both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signalling cascades. In this study, we examined how TnC modulated intestinal inflammation.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

TnC pathophysiology was evaluated in cultures of rat intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMF) and intestinal epithelial cells. Wild-type and TnC(-/-) mice were treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis.

KEY RESULTS

DSS-induced colitis in mice markedly increased TnC in the damaged mucosal areas and up-regulated mRNA for TnC, pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors (PDGF-B and TGF-β1). In addition, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis and SAMP1/Yit mice, a model of spontaneous Crohn's disease, also exhibited increased mucosal TnC in colon and ilea respectively. PDGF receptor-α (PDGFRα) positive ISEMF were the primary TnC-producing cells in colon tissues. Accordingly, ISEMF collected from the rat colon constitutively expressed both TnC and PDGFRα. PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 up-regulated both TnC mRNA and protein levels in ISEMF. Knock-down of TnC gene increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis, compared with TnC(+/+) littermates. TnC(-/-) mice showed marked abrasion of intestinal mucosal barrier and increased inflammatory scores. Moreover, TnC accelerated both trans-well migration and wound healing in epithelial cells.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

The pharmacological profiles of PDGF-BB and TGF-β in colitis tissues and ISEMF suggest that increased TnC production during inflammation contributed to epithelial cell migration, remodelling and protection of intestinal barriers.

MR imaging of subcallosal artery infarct causing amnesia after surgery for anterior communicating artery aneurysm

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

During surgery to treat an aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery, injury to the subcallosal artery, a perforator of the anterior communicating artery, may lead to infarction that produces basal forebrain amnesia after surgery. Our purpose was to examine whether 3D MR imaging can detect subcallosal artery infarction in patients with amnesia after surgery for an anterior communicating artery aneurysm.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We evaluated 3D-T2-weighted MR images obtained a median of 4 months after treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysm for the presence of infarcted foci in 10 consecutive patients with postoperative amnesia. Because the subcallosal artery and its neighboring perforator, the recurrent artery of Heubner, were considered the most easily affected vessels during that surgery, we focused mainly on 8 regions of the subcallosal artery territory per hemisphere and 5 regions of the recurrent artery of Heubner territory per hemisphere.

RESULTS

All 10 patients had infarcts in the territory of the subcallosal artery (median, 9 regions per patient), and most were bilateral (9 of 10 patients). Five patients had additional infarcted foci in the territory of the recurrent artery of Heubner (median, 1 region per patient), all unilateral. Among the regions perfused by the subcallosal artery, the column of the fornix was involved in all patients; the anterior commissure, in 9; and the paraterminal gyrus, in 8 patients.

CONCLUSIONS

3D MR imaging revealed subcallosal artery infarction, the distribution of which was mostly bilateral, presumably owing to the unpairedness of that artery, in patients with postoperative amnesia after anterior communicating artery aneurysm repair.