Synthesis of Oxygen and Nitrogen containing heterocycles using Zirconium Dioxide/Mixed Oxide Nanoparticles as Reusable Green Catalysts: A Comprehensive Update

Abstract:

The remarkable improvements in organic synthesis facilitated by zirconium dioxide-based nanoparticles are updated and summarized in this review. The ZrO2 acts as a versatile heterogeneous nanocatalyst and is used in various elementary organic reactions and many multicomponent reactions. The employment of these catalysts in organic synthesis leading to bio-active scaffolds provides the opportunity to carry out the reactions using facile synthetic protocol under mild environments that furnish the equivalent products in high yields and shorter reaction times. According to reports in the literature, ZrO2-based catalysts were removed from the reaction mixture and recycled many times.

Nitrogen-containing Fused Heterocycles: Organic Synthesis and Applications as Potential Anticancer Agents

Abstract:

The fused Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have grown in prominence over the past several decades as a result of their significant medical value. The adaptable and easily synthesized N-Heterocyclic scaffolds are particularly exciting in both synthetic organic chemistry and the biological sector due to their powerful pharmacological properties, which are taken into consideration while considering their numerous uses. For the synthesis of N-heterocycles and their derivatives, several attempts were undertaken to create a variety of synthetic protocols. The N-Heterocyclic compounds provide a variety of adaptable structures for specific biological applications and represent novel, broad-spectrum antibacterial and anticancer agents. They typically have minimal toxicity profiles. The majority of these N-Heterocycles have demonstrated more cytotoxicity than the effective anticancer medication cisplatin. The design, synthesis, structural characterisation, and biological uses of N-Heterocycles are reviewed in this work. In this article, the developments made in this specific field are comprehensively examined.

Recent developments in polypyrrole/manganese oxide-based nanocomposites for thin film electrodes in supercapacitors: a minireview

This review article highlights the recent developments in the synthesis and electrochemical performance of polypyrrole/manganese oxide thin-film electrodes synthesized by various chemical methods for supercapacitor applications. In the class of conducting polymers for electrode applications, polypyrrole (Ppy) is considered an important polymer due to its low cost and abundance. Ppy's polymeric composition and structural properties, however, pose stability concerns and have a drawback of a short life cycle over long-term charge-discharge processes, limiting its potential for industrial and commercial utilization. Recently, manganese oxide (MnO2) has been actively explored as a supercapacitor electrode material due to its low cost, high theoretical specific capacitance and abundance. Ppy/MnO2 thin film electrodes revealed high specific capacitance and stability, making them excellent candidates for next-generation supercapacitor electrode materials.

Immunostimulatory and anti-allergic potential of novel heterotrimeric lectin from seeds of Zizyphus mauritiana Lam

Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. seeds (ZMS) have been used medicinally as sedative or hypnotic drugs in most of Asian countries. ZMS has significant benefits to the human health. Therefore, we have evaluated immunomodulatory effect of lectin extracted from these ZMSL in both in vitro and in vivo study. Anaphylaxis is a severe life-threatening allergic reaction and Arthus reaction is deposition of immune complex and complement system activation, so we hypothesized that if ZMSL can protect these severe allergic diseases. We have studied the effect of ZMSL on macrophages and Wistar albino rats and confirmed its protective effect against anaphylaxis and Arthus reaction. Results of this study suggest ZMSL have immunostimulatory and antiallergic activity.

Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Toxicity, Applications, and Future Prospects

The ever-growing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and crop disease due to pest has triggered severe health concerns in recent years. Consequently, there is a need of powerful and protective materials for the eradication of diseases. Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (M/MO NPs) are powerful agents due to their therapeutic effects in microbial infections. In this context, the present review article discusses the toxicity, fate, effects and applications of M/MO NPs. This review starts with an introduction, followed by toxicity aspects, antibacterial and testing methods and mechanism. In addition, discussion on the impact of different M/MO NPs and their characteristics such as size, shape, particle dissolution on their induced toxicity on food and plants, as well as applications in pesticides. Finally, prospective on current and future issues are presented.

Mesoporous PbO nanoparticle-catalyzed synthesis of arylbenzodioxy xanthenedione scaffolds under solvent-free conditions in a ball mill

A protocol for the efficient synthesis of arylbenzodioxy xanthenedione scaffolds was developed via a one-pot multi-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, and 3,4-methylenedioxy phenol using mesoporous PbO nanoparticles (NPs) as a catalyst under ball milling conditions. The synthesis protocol offers outstanding advantages, including short reaction time (60 min), excellent yields of the products (92-97%), solvent-free conditions, use of mild and reusable PbO NPs as a catalyst, simple purification of the products by recrystallization, and finally, the use of a green process of dry ball milling.

Sulfamic acid promoted one-pot multicomponent reaction: a facile synthesis of 4-oxo-tetrahydroindoles under ball milling conditions

We report an efficient and facile one-pot synthesis of 4-oxo-tetrahydroindoles using sulfamic acid under ball milling conditions. The present protocol for preparation of biologically important 4-oxo-tetrahydroindoles offers several advantages such as mild reaction conditions, improved selectivity and higher isolated yields. Moreover, solvent-free reaction conditions and the use of ball milling make the present protocol environmentally friendly in nature.

We report an efficient and facile one-pot synthesis of 4-oxo-tetrahydroindoles using sulfamic acid under ball milling conditions.