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Kilanowski-Doroh IM, Wong TJ, Ogola BO, Harris N, Horton A, Laradji M, Lindsey SH. Abstract P170: Similarities And Differences In The Vascular Impact Of Estrogen Loss Versus G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor Deletion. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.p170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Women in their postmenopausal years have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and recent research suggests that increased vascular stiffness can be detected within a year of the onset of menopause. We have previously demonstrated that the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) protects the vasculature without noticeable changes in blood pressure, but little is known about the underlying structural changes that provide protection. In this study we assessed the impact of estrogen and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) on vascular health, with the hypothesis that loss of estrogen or deletion of smooth muscle cell (smc)-GPER would similarly increase vascular stiffness. Female mice were separated into three cohorts: intact wildtype, ovariectomized (OVX), and GPER smc-KO. OVX occurred at 8 weeks of age and 8 weeks later blood pressure was measured via tail-cuff plethysmography, arterial stiffness was measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV) via high resolution ultrasound, and carotids were excised for biaxial pressure myography and imaging. Uterine weight in OVX mice (0.03 g) was significantly lower than intact mice (0.1 g; p=0.0002) confirming the loss of estrogen. No difference was observed in systolic blood pressure, however, both the OVX (1.5 m/s) and smc-KO (1.9 m/s) groups had significantly higher PWV than intact controls (1.2 m/s; p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively). Carotids of OVX (366 μm) and smc-KO (389 μm) mice had a smaller outer diameter versus controls (441 μm; p >0.05) without a difference in thickness. Despite the similar responses of OVX and smc-KO groups, Masson’s trichrome staining of carotid sections showed significantly more smooth muscle area fraction in OVX (p=0.005), but not KO mice, and no difference in collagen area fraction. These data indicate that while estrogen loss and smc-KO of GPER both increase arterial stiffness, increased smooth muscle due to estrogen loss is likely not modulated through GPER. Future experiments will aim to understand how other components, such as extracellular matrix genes, may be affected by loss of GPER.
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Ogola BO, Clark GL, Abshire CM, Harris NR, Gentry KL, Gunda SS, Kilanowski-Doroh I, Wong TJ, Visniauskas B, Lawrence DJ, Zimmerman MA, Bayer CL, Groban L, Miller KS, Lindsey SH. Sex and the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Impact Vascular Stiffness. Hypertension 2021; 78:e1-e14. [PMID: 34024124 PMCID: PMC8192475 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard O. Ogola
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gabrielle L. Clark
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Caleb M. Abshire
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Kaylee L. Gentry
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shreya S. Gunda
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Tristen J. Wong
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Dylan J. Lawrence
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Carolyn L. Bayer
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kristin S. Miller
- Tulane University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah H. Lindsey
- Tulane University, Department of Pharmacology, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Wong TJ, Ogola BO, Kilanowski-Doroh IM, Harris NR, Clark GL, Miller KS, Lindsey SH. Impact of Ovariectomy on Arterial Stiffness. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cybart SA, Cho EY, Wong TJ, Wehlin BH, Ma MK, Huynh C, Dynes RC. Nano Josephson superconducting tunnel junctions in YBa2Cu3O(7-δ) directly patterned with a focused helium ion beam. Nat Nanotechnol 2015; 10:598-602. [PMID: 25915196 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the high-transition-temperature superconductors (HTSs), researchers have explored many methods to fabricate superconducting tunnel junctions from these materials for basic science purposes and applications. HTS circuits operating at liquid-nitrogen temperatures (∼77 K) would significantly reduce power requirements in comparison with those fabricated from conventional superconductors. The difficulty is that the superconducting coherence length is very short and anisotropic in these materials, typically ∼2 nm in the a-b plane and ∼0.2 nm along the c axis. The electrical properties of Josephson junctions are therefore sensitive to chemical variations and structural defects on atomic length scales. To make multiple uniform HTS junctions, control at the atomic level is required. In this Letter we demonstrate all-HTS Josephson superconducting tunnel junctions created by using a 500-pm-diameter focused beam of helium ions to directly write tunnel barriers into YBa2Cu3O(7-δ) (YBCO) thin films. We demonstrate the ability to control the barrier properties continuously from conducting to insulating by varying the irradiation dose. This technique could provide a reliable and reproducible pathway for scaling up quantum-mechanical circuits operating at liquid-nitrogen temperatures, as well as an avenue to conduct novel planar superconducting tunnelling studies for basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Cybart
- 1] Oxide Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Y Cho
- Oxide Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - T J Wong
- Oxide Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Björn H Wehlin
- Oxide Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Meng K Ma
- Oxide Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Chuong Huynh
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, LLC., One Corporation Way, Peabody, Massachusetts 01960, USA
| | - R C Dynes
- 1] Oxide Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA [2] Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Weiss A, van Beijnum JR, Wong TJ, Kilarski WW, Szewczyk G, Verheul HMW, Sarna T, van den Bergh H, Griffioen AW. Photoactivation of lysosomally sequestered sunitinib after angiostatic treatment causes vascular occlusion and enhances tumor growth inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1641. [PMID: 25675301 PMCID: PMC4669819 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that acts mainly on the VEGF and PDGF pathways. We have previously shown that sunitinib is sequestered in the lysosomes of exposed tumor and endothelial cells. This phenomenon is part of the drug-induced resistance observed in the clinic. Here, we demonstrate that when exposed to light, sequestered sunitinib causes immediate destruction of the lysosomes, resulting in the release of sunitinib and cell death. We hypothesized that this photoactivation of sunitinib could be used as a vaso-occlusive vascular-targeting approach to treating cancer. Spectral properties of sunitinib and its lysosomal accumulation were measured in vitro. The human A2780 ovarian carcinoma transplanted onto the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and the Colo-26 colorectal carcinoma model in Balb/c mice were used to test the effects of administrating sunitinib and subsequently exposing tumor tissue to light. Tumors were subsequently resected and subject to immunohistochemical analysis. In A2780 ovarian carcinoma tumors, treatment with sunitinib+light resulted in immediate specific angio-occlusion, leading to a necrotic tumor mass 24 h after treatment. Tumor growth was inhibited by 70% as compared with the control group (**P<0.0001). Similar observations were made in the Colo-26 colorectal carcinoma, where light exposure of the sunitinib-treated mice inhibited tumor growth by 50% as compared with the control and by 25% as compared with sunitinib-only-treated tumors (N≥4; P=0.0002). Histology revealed that photoactivation of sunitinib resulted in a change in tumor vessel architecture. The current results suggest that the spectral properties of sunitinib can be exploited for application against certain cancer indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nowak-Sliwinska
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Weiss
- 1] Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R van Beijnum
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T J Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W W Kilarski
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, SV IBI LLCB, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Szewczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - H M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - H van den Bergh
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A W Griffioen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kron T, Cheung KY, Dai J, Ravindran P, Soejoko D, Inamura K, Song JY, Bold L, Srivastava R, Rodriguez L, Wong TJ, Kumara A, Lee CC, Krisanachinda A, Nguyen XC, Ng KH. Medical physics aspects of cancer care in the Asia Pacific region. Biomed Imaging Interv J 2008; 4:e33. [PMID: 21611001 PMCID: PMC3097731 DOI: 10.2349/biij.4.3.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical physics plays an essential role in modern medicine. This is particularly evident in cancer care where medical physicists are involved in radiotherapy treatment planning and quality assurance as well as in imaging and radiation protection. Due to the large variety of tasks and interests, medical physics is often subdivided into specialties such as radiology, nuclear medicine and radiation oncology medical physics. However, even within their specialty, the role of radiation oncology medical physicists (ROMPs) is diverse and varies between different societies. Therefore, a questionnaire was sent to leading medical physicists in most countries/areas in the Asia/Pacific region to determine the education, role and status of medical physicists.Answers were received from 17 countries/areas representing nearly 2800 radiation oncology medical physicists. There was general agreement that medical physicists should have both academic (typically at MSc level) and clinical (typically at least 2 years) training. ROMPs spent most of their time working in radiotherapy treatment planning (average 17 hours per week); however radiation protection and engineering tasks were also common. Typically, only physicists in large centres are involved in research and teaching. Most respondents thought that the workload of physicists was high, with more than 500 patients per year per physicist, less than one ROMP per two oncologists being the norm, and on average, one megavoltage treatment unit per medical physicist.There was also a clear indication of increased complexity of technology in the region with many countries/areas reporting to have installed helical tomotherapy, IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy), IGRT (Image Guided Radiation Therapy), Gamma-knife and Cyber-knife units. This and the continued workload from brachytherapy will require growing expertise and numbers in the medical physics workforce. Addressing these needs will be an important challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kron
- Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - KY Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Dai
- Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - P Ravindran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - D Soejoko
- Physics Department, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - K Inamura
- Dept of Radiology & Medical Engineering, Kansai University of International Studies, Hyogo, Japan
| | - JY Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - L Bold
- Radiotherapy Department, National Cancer Center, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - R Srivastava
- B.P.Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - L Rodriguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | - TJ Wong
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - A Kumara
- Division of Medical Physics, National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka
| | - CC Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - A Krisanachinda
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - XC Nguyen
- K Hospital, National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - KH Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, and Medical Physics Unit, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ding PH, Wong TJ. The role of abdominal angiography in difficult gastrointestinal bleeding. Med J Malaysia 1994; 49:306-9. [PMID: 7845288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two cases of leiomyomas of the jejunum presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding of uncertain origin are described. Diagnosis was finally established by selective angiography. Laparotomy and resection of the tumour were successfully performed. The approach and management of this rare tumour are outlined.
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Wong TJ, Chua ET. Computers in radiotherapy. Ann Acad Med Singap 1990; 19:714-9. [PMID: 2260829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the earliest fields in Medicine in which computers have made an inroad. The main uses of computers, which include treatment planning, dose calculations, localisation of tumours, verification of patient setups and radiation beam data acquisition, are highlighted in this paper. It is believed that a modern Radiotherapy department cannot function optimally without some form of computing facilities. With advances made in dose calculation algorithms, and in high performance computers, it is expected that the target of 3% accuracy dose calculations can be achieved in treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Wong
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital
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Yip CH, Wong TJ, Somasundaram K. Foreign bodies in the larynx and tracheo-bronchial tree. Med J Malaysia 1988; 43:150-4. [PMID: 3237130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Goh TH, Wong TJ, Alhady F, Singh AD. Hyaline-vascular giant lymph node hyperplasia obstructing vaginal delivery. Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 1986; 12:327-9. [PMID: 3778312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1986.tb00200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
A set of xiphopagus conjoined twins with prematurity, exomphalos, and intestinal obstruction was separated successfully. Preoperative evaluation included computerised axial tomography, 99mTc-HIDA scan, and barium enema. Major hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal anomalies were encountered. One twin is alive and well today. The other twin died one week postoperatively from sepsis. Postmortem studies showed she had a severe cardiac anomaly incompatible with normal life.
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Abstract
Twenty-five cases of choledochal cysts operated at the University Hospital between 1969 and 1981 were reviewed. Nineteen of the patients were females. An accurate pre-operative diagnosis of choledochal cyst was made in 10 patients (40%). We have found the 99Tcm-diethyl-IDA (EHIDA) scan to be the safest and most sensitive diagnostic tool. In recent years excision has been performed whenever possible in view of reports of malignancy developing in the cyst wall. It has a lower morbidity and re-operation rate compared to internal drainage. In excision we advise the use of a cuff of the cyst wall for a wider anastomosis. As the biliary tract shrinks and retracts into the porta following excision of the cyst, stricture formation may still occur despite a wide anastomosis.
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Paramsothy M, Wong TJ, Woon ST, Khoo BH. Technetium-99m-diethyl-IDA sequential hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the pre-operative evaluation of omphalopagus conjoined twins. Australas Radiol 1984; 28:358-61. [PMID: 6535574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1984.tb02365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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