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Cogliati M, Chidebelu PE, Hitchcock M, Chen M, Rickerts V, Ackermann S, Desnos Ollivier M, Inácio J, Nawrot U, Florek M, Kwon-Chung KJ, Yang DH, Firacative C, Puime CA, Escandon P, Bertout S, Roger F, Xu J. Multi-locus sequence typing and phylogenetics of Cryptococcus neoformans AD hybrids. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 170:103861. [PMID: 38128716 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid AD strains of the human pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans species complex have been reported from many parts of the world. However, their origin, diversity, and evolution are incompletely understood. In this study, we analyzed 102 AD hybrid strains representing 21 countries on five continents. For each strain, we obtained its mating type and its allelic sequences at each of the seven loci that have been used for genotyping haploid serotypes A and D strains of the species complex by the Cryptococcus research community. Our results showed that most AD hybrids exhibited loss of heterozygosity at one or more of the seven analyzed loci. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of the allelic sequences revealed multiple origins of the hybrids within each continent, dating back to one million years ago in Africa and up to the present in other continents. We found evidence for clonal reproduction and long-distance dispersal of these hybrids in nature. Comparisons with the global haploid serotypes A and D strains identified new alleles and new haploid multi-locus genotypes in AD hybrids, consistent with the presence of yet-to-be discovered genetic diversity in haploid populations of this species complex in nature. Together, our results indicate that AD hybrids can be effectively genotyped using the same multi-locus sequencing type approach as that established for serotypes A and D strains. Our comparisons of the AD hybrids among each other as well as with the global haploid serotypes A and D strains revealed novel genetic diversity as well as evidence for multiple origins and dynamic evolution of these hybrids in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cogliati
- Lab. Medical Mycology, Dept. Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - P E Chidebelu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - M Hitchcock
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Chanzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - M Desnos Ollivier
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR2000, Molecular Mycology Unit, National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Paris, France
| | - J Inácio
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - U Nawrot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Florek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - K J Kwon-Chung
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - D-H Yang
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - C Firacative
- Studies in Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS) Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C A Puime
- Unidad de Parasitología y Micología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - P Escandon
- Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S Bertout
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - F Roger
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, University of Montpellier, IRD, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - J Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Król J, Nawrot U, Bartoszewicz M. Activity of base analogues (5-fluorouracil, 5-flucytosine) against planktonic cells and mature biofilm of Candida yeast. Effect of combination with folinic acid. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:147-153. [PMID: 31023592 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing number of Candida infections, especially those caused by non-C. albicans species and resistant strains, is a serious medical problem. OBJECTIVES In this study, the antifungal activity of base analogues, 5-flucytosine (5-FC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was tested against planktonic cells as well as against mature biofilm. METHODS Tests were performed according the EUCAST methodology. Antibiofilm effectiveness of tested drugs was determined by the crystal violet staining method. The cytotoxicity assays was performed according to the ISO 10993-5 norm. RESULTS 5-FC and 5-FU were effective against fifteen fluconazole resistant Candida glabrata strains with an average minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.152mg/L and 0.39mg/L, respectively. Folinic acid (folinate- e.g., leucovorin) is a common drug used in oncology simultaneously with 5-FU. In our tests folinate was able to lower MIC for 5-FC from 0.152 to 0.058mg/L (P<0.05). In the biofilm assay 5-FU and 5-FC alone did not induce any changes in the biomass of mature biofilm. Addition of folinate to each base analogue resulted in up to 90% reduction of biomass. Viability tests show that a concentration of 64mg/L of 5-FC and 5-FU supplemented with folinate can be fungicidal against mature biofilms of some Candida isolates. No cytotoxic effect was found for combination of FOL and 5-FC. CONCLUSION Therapy of 5-FU+folinate is well known in cancer treatment, in this study we reveal the beneficial effect of folinate on antifungal activity of 5-FC as well as the antifungal potential of 5-FU+folinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Król
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; Cytostatic laboratory, Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - U Nawrot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Bartoszewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Król J, Nawrot U, Bartoszewicz M. Anti-candidal activity of selected analgesic drugs used alone and in combination with fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and isavuconazole. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:327-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Siedlarz P, Sroka M, Dyląg M, Nawrot U, Gonchar M, Kus-Liśkiewicz M. Preliminary physiological characteristics of thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical isolates identified by molecular biology techniques. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:277-82. [PMID: 26693946 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of the study was a molecular identification and physiological characteristic of the five Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from patients. The tested isolates were compared with control strains (which are of laboratory or commercial origin). The relation of the isolates to baker's yeast S. cerevisiae was studied using species-specific primers in PCR analysis of the ITS-26S region of DNA. Five isolates were genetically identified as the yeast belonging to the genus S. cerevisiae. The effects of temperature and carbon sources on the growth of the yeast strains were analysed. A quantitative characterization of growth kinetics approve that some tested isolates are thermotolerant and are able to grow at range 37-39°C. Among them, one representative is characterized by the highest specific growth rate (0·637 h(-1) ). In conclusions, some strains are defined as potential candidates to use in the biotechnology due to a higher growth rate at elevated temperatures. Screening for further evaluation of biotechnological significance of the tested isolates will be done (e.g. ethanol and trehalose production at higher temperatures). The physiological characterization and confirmation of species identification by molecular methods for yeasts important in the context of biotechnology industry were demonstrated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Thermotolerant microbial strains are required in various industrial applications, for improving productivity and for decreasing the risk of undesirable contaminations when higher temperatures are used. It is important to search for such strains in extreme environments or exotic niches. In this paper, new thermotolerant strains were identified belonging to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but differed from typical bakers' yeast, essentially by their growth rate at higher temperature. The described yeast strains are promising for using in biotechnological industry, especially, for production of ethanol and other products at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Siedlarz
- Biotechnology Centre for Applied and Fundamental Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - M Sroka
- Biotechnology Centre for Applied and Fundamental Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - M Dyląg
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - U Nawrot
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Gonchar
- Biotechnology Centre for Applied and Fundamental Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland.,Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - M Kus-Liśkiewicz
- Biotechnology Centre for Applied and Fundamental Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Kolbuszowa, Poland
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Nawrot U, Kowalska-Krochmal B, Sulik-Tyszka B, Kozak M, Świętek K, Pajączkowska M, Piątkowska E, Rosiak D, Swoboda-Kopeć E. Evaluation of blood culture media for the detection of fungi. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 34:161-167. [PMID: 25098681 PMCID: PMC4281371 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the utility of BACTEC™ Mycosis-IC/F (Mycosis), BACTEC™ Plus Aerobic/F (Aerobic), and BACTEC™ Plus Anaerobic/F (Anaerobic) media in the detection of fungi from simulated (obtained by the inoculation of tested media first with sterile sheep's blood and subsequently with one of 60 clinical yeast isolates) and clinical blood samples, taken during routine diagnostic examination in two hospitals. All tested strains grew on Mycosis as well as Aerobic bottles, and the time to detection obtained for Mycosis was significantly shorter (p < 0.05). The largest differences in the time to positivity was found for Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans, when Mycosis preceded Aerobic in 20-48 h (mean 35.5 h) and 0.7-64 h (mean 24 h), respectively. On the contrary, C. krusei were detected earlier in Aerobic media. In clinical samples, the detection of C. glabrata was also significantly faster in Mycosis than in Aerobic (29.22 ± 11.48 h compared to 86 ± 40 h). The media complement each other and, in 45% of clinical examination sets, a single positive medium was noted (25% in Mycosis and 19% in Aerobic). The study proved that both Aerobic and Mycosis media serve as the correct condition for the culture of fungi and that they varied significantly in the detection time of clinically important species. This result could suggest that the simultaneous use of Aerobic as well as Mycosis media may improve the time of diagnosis in many patients, especially those infected with C. glabrata or C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Nawrot
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - B Sulik-Tyszka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Kozak
- Department of Diagnostics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Military Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | - K Świętek
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Pajączkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Piątkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - D Rosiak
- Department of Diagnostics, Laboratory of Microbiology, Military Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | - E Swoboda-Kopeć
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Dental Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Nawrot U, Nowicka J, Wlodarczyk K. Susceptibility to Voriconazole, Fluconazole, and Ketoconazole of Yeast Isolated from Patients with Hematological Malignancies. J Chemother 2013; 20:758-60. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2008.20.6.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Dworniczek* E, Franiczek R, Nawrot U, Gościniak G. Interactions of Bacteria and Fungi at the Surface. Biological Interactions with Surface Charge in Biomaterials 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849733366-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The increased life span of humans and the dynamic development of Biomaterials' industry have led to widespread use of implants in modern medicine. Microorganisms, mostly opportunistic flora,are able to adapt perfectly to the changing environment of their host. Bacteria, once regarded as non-pathogenic, successfully bind to artificial surfaces resulting in diseases that are difficult to treat. The Chapter discusses the process of microbial adhesion to the surfaces. It provides the brief description of the most important infections of humans, which result from the microbial colonization of implanted biomaterials. This adhesion is characterized in the context of physicochemical and biological interactions between microorganism and the surface. We describe the effects of environmental factors and the contribution of bacterial/fungal cell structures on microbial adhesion. Finally, the Chapter presents the most important aspects of interactions between bacteria and charged surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Dworniczek*
- Wrocław Medical University Department of Microbiology, Chałubiński Street 4, Wrocław, 50-368, Poland
| | - R. Franiczek
- Wrocław Medical University Department of Microbiology, Chałubiński Street 4, Wrocław, 50-368, Poland
| | - U. Nawrot
- Wrocław Medical University Department of Microbiology, Chałubiński Street 4, Wrocław, 50-368, Poland
| | - G. Gościniak
- Wrocław Medical University Department of Microbiology, Chałubiński Street 4, Wrocław, 50-368, Poland
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Gorczynska E, Kalwak K, Owoc-Lempacj J, Janczak K, Dorobisz T, Kulej D, Ussowicz M, Mielcarek M, Dyla A, Chybicka A, Musial J, Nawrot U. Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Recipients Diagnosed With Invasive Fungal Infection Prior to Transplant Procedure. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nawrot U, Nowicka J, Juszczak K, Gusin B. Susceptibility to antifungal agents of Candida species isolated from paediatric and adult patients with haematological diseases. Mycoses 2005; 48:385-90. [PMID: 16262874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2005.01154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Summary The susceptibility to six antifungals: amphotericin B (AMF), 5-fluorocytosine (5-F), miconazole (MIK), ketoconazole (KET), fluconazole (FLU) and itraconazole (ITR) was tested among 206 Candida spp. isolated from paediatric and adult patients with haematological malignancies. To determinate the susceptibility the commercial microdilution method Fungitest (Bio-Rad, France) was used. The strains were classified as susceptible, intermediate susceptible, or resistant on the base of the growth in following breakpoint concentrations of particular drugs: 2 and 8 microg ml(-1) for AMF, 2 and 32 microg ml(-1) for 5-F, 0.5 and 8 microg ml(-1) for MIK, 0.5 and 4 microg ml(-1) for KET and ITR, and 8 and 64 microg ml(-1) for FLU. The highest activity to overall species showed AMF (only one resistant strain) and 5-F (85% susceptible strains). Most of C. albicans isolates were susceptible to tested azoles. The percentages of C. albicans resistant to FLU, ITR, KET and MIK were 4, 11, 8, and 0.8%, respectively. The less susceptible to azoles were C. glabrata and C. krusei (14% and 44% isolates resistant to FLU). A non-albicans Candida isolated from adult patients receiving KET prophylaxis was more frequently resistant to FLU than isolates from patients without previous exposure to azoles (P < 0.05). We did not observe differences in the susceptibility of Candida strains isolated from children compared with those from adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Nawrot
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Wroclaw, Poland.
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Nawrot U, Skala J, Noczynska A, Potocka N, Koczocik K, Baran E. Distribution of Ca.LSU intron and acid protease production by Candida albicans strains isolated from gastrointestinal tract of diabetes children. Pol J Microbiol 2004; 53:189-91. [PMID: 15702919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between the presence of self-splicing intron Ca.LSU and proteolytic activity of Candida albicans isolates was tested. Study included 95 C. albicans strains isolated from gastrointestinal tract of diabetes children. The strains with the intron (genotype B) displayed a significantly higher proteolytic activity (385.2+/-192U/L) than did strains without intron (genotype A) (119+/-115U/L) (p = 0.0000048).
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Affiliation(s)
- U Nawrot
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
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Nawrot U, Grzybek-Hryncewicz K, Zielska U, Czarny A, Podwińska J. The study of cell-mediated immune response in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000; 29:89-94. [PMID: 11024346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2000.tb01509.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to examine in vitro the ability of cells from patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) to cell-mediated immune response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and whole blood cells (WBC) of 37 RVVC patients in acute infection and 14 in remission were examined for the ability to proliferation and cytokines production (IFN, TNF, IL-6). As a control, a group of 25 healthy women were examined. The cells were stimulated with Candida antigen (HKCA), LPS and PHA. To indicate the level of cytokines, the following cell-lines were used: A549 for IFN, WEHI 164 for TNF and 7TD1 for IL-6. The proliferation/death of cells was determined by colorimetric test using MTT. Distinct suppression of cell-mediated immune response (CMI) was shown in all patients comparing to the control. Greatest suppression was found in the acute phase of the disease. The ability of cells to proliferate and produce IFN increases only in remission. The data seem to suggest that in this phase of disease, the ability of cell-mediated immune response is restored. It was also indicated that IFN may take part in protection against Candida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Nawrot
- Department of Microbiology Medical University of Wrocław, Poland
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