1
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Kiptily VG, Dumont R, Fitzgerald M, Keeling D, Sharapov SE, Poradzinski M, Štancar Ž, Bonofiglo PJ, Delabie E, Ghani Z, Goloborodko V, Menmuir S, Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E, Podestà M, Sun H, Taylor DM, Bernardo J, Carvalho IS, Douai D, Garcia J, Lennholm M, Maggi CF, Mailloux J, Rimini F, Siren P. Evidence of Electron Heating by Alpha Particles in JET Deuterium-Tritium Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:075101. [PMID: 37656860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.075101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The fusion-born alpha particle heating in magnetically confined fusion machines is a high priority subject for studies. The self-heating of thermonuclear fusion plasma by alpha particles was observed in recent deuterium-tritium (D-T) experiments on the joint European torus. This observation was possible by conducting so-called "afterglow" experiments where transient high fusion yield was achieved with neutral beam injection as the only external heating source, and then termination of the heating at peak performance. This allowed the first direct evidence for electron heating of plasmas by fusion-born alphas to be obtained. Interpretive transport modeling of the relevant D-T and reference deuterium discharges is consistent with the alpha particle heating observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Kiptily
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - R Dumont
- CEA - IRFM, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - M Fitzgerald
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - D Keeling
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S E Sharapov
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - M Poradzinski
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - Ž Štancar
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
- Joźef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P J Bonofiglo
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - E Delabie
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Z Ghani
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - V Goloborodko
- Kyiv Institute for Nuclear Research, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S Menmuir
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Podestà
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - H Sun
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - D M Taylor
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Bernardo
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - I S Carvalho
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D Douai
- CEA - IRFM, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - J Garcia
- CEA - IRFM, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - M Lennholm
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - C F Maggi
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Mailloux
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - F Rimini
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - P Siren
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
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2
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Salewski M, Nocente M, Jacobsen AS, Binda F, Cazzaniga C, Eriksson J, Geiger B, Gorini G, Hellesen C, Kiptily VG, Koskela T, Korsholm SB, Kurki-Suonio T, Leipold F, Moseev D, Nielsen SK, Rasmussen J, Schneider PA, Sharapov SE, Stejner M, Tardocchi M, JET Contributors, ASDEX Upgrade Team, EUROfusion MST1 Team. Bayesian Integrated Data Analysis of Fast-Ion Measurements by Velocity-Space Tomography. Fusion Science and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1380482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Salewski
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M. Nocente
- University of Milano Bicocca, Department of Physics, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | | | - F. Binda
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C. Cazzaniga
- ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - J. Eriksson
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B. Geiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany
| | - G. Gorini
- University of Milano Bicocca, Department of Physics, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - C. Hellesen
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V. G. Kiptily
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - T. Koskela
- Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto, Finland
- NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - S. B. Korsholm
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T. Kurki-Suonio
- Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto, Finland
| | - F. Leipold
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - D. Moseev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S. K. Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. Rasmussen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - S. E. Sharapov
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - M. Stejner
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M. Tardocchi
- Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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Sharapov SE, Eriksson LG, Fasoli A, Gorini G, Källne J, Kiptily VG, Korotkov AA, Murari A, Pinches SD, Testa DS, Thomas PR. Chapter 5: Burning Plasma Studies at JET. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst08-a1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Sharapov
- Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - L.-G. Eriksson
- Association Euratom-CEA, CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA-Cadarache, France
| | - A. Fasoli
- CRPP/EPFL, Association EURATOM-Confédération Suisse, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G. Gorini
- Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, Milan, Italy
| | - J. Källne
- INF, Uppsala University, Association Euratom-VR, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V. G. Kiptily
- Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - A. A. Korotkov
- Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - A. Murari
- Consorzio RFX-Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla Fusione, Padova, Italy
| | - S. D. Pinches
- Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - D. S. Testa
- CRPP/EPFL, Association EURATOM-Confédération Suisse, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P. R. Thomas
- Association Euratom-CEA, CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA-Cadarache, France
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4
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Tardocchi M, Nocente M, Proverbio I, Kiptily VG, Blanchard P, Conroy S, Fontanesi M, Grosso G, Kneupner K, Lerche E, Murari A, Cippo EP, Pietropaolo A, Syme B, Van Eester D, Gorini G. Spectral broadening of characteristic γ-ray emission peaks from 12C(3He,pγ)14N reactions in fusion plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:205002. [PMID: 22181739 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.205002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The spectral broadening of characteristic γ-ray emission peaks from the reaction (12)C((3)He,pγ)(14)N was measured in D((3)He) plasmas of the JET tokamak with ion cyclotron resonance heating tuned to the fundamental harmonic of (3)He. Intensities and detailed spectral shapes of γ-ray emission peaks were successfully reproduced using a physics model combining the kinetics of the reacting ions with a detailed description of the nuclear reaction differential cross sections for populating the L1-L8 (14)N excitation levels yielding the observed γ-ray emission. The results provide a paradigm, which leverages knowledge from areas of physics outside traditional plasma physics, for the development of nuclear radiation based methods for understanding and controlling fusion burning plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tardocchi
- Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, Milan, Italy
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5
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Gin DB, Pasternak AA, Kiptily VG, Chugunov IN, Shevelev AE. Study of the 9Be(α,nγ) 12C Reaction for the High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics. Fusion Science and Technology 2011. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. B. Gin
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 26 Polytekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194021
| | - A. A. Pasternak
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 26 Polytekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194021
| | - V. G. Kiptily
- EURATOM / CCFE Fusion Association: Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB United Kingdom
| | - I. N. Chugunov
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 26 Polytekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194021
| | - A. E. Shevelev
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 26 Polytekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, 194021
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6
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Chugunov IN, Kiptily VG, Shevelev AE, Gin DB. Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Hot Plasmas. Fusion Science and Technology 2011. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a11601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. N. Chugunov
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 26, Polytekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation,
| | - V. G. Kiptily
- Euroatom/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK
| | - A. E. Shevelev
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 26, Polytekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation,
| | - D. B. Gin
- Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 26, Polytekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation,
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7
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Proverbio I, Nocente M, Kiptily VG, Tardocchi M, Gorini G. The 12C(3He,pγ)14N reaction cross section for γ-ray spectroscopy simulation of fusion plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D320. [PMID: 21058453 DOI: 10.1063/1.3502037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High resolution γ-ray spectroscopy measurements were performed in JET (3He)D plasmas with high energy ion populations driven by radio-frequency (RF) heating. One of the first reactions investigated was 12C(3He,pγ)14N, which was observed at low 3He concentrations. In order to interpret the measurements in this work, cross section data for the 12C(3He,pγ)14N reaction are evaluated. Available data for the population of excited states in 14N up to the eighth level are assessed in the range E(3He) = 0–5 MeV. Discrepancies and gaps in the database have been solved by means of interpolations and consistency analysis. The evaluated cross section data are used to predict the intensity ratio of characteristic 2.31 and 1.63 MeV γ-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Proverbio
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca and Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR, 20125 Milano, Italy
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8
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Tardocchi M, Proverbio LI, Gorini G, Grosso G, Locatelli M, Chugonov IN, Gin DB, Shevelev AE, Murari A, Kiptily VG, Syme B, Fernandes AM, Pereira RC, Sousa J. Gamma ray spectroscopy at high energy and high time resolution at JET. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10E524. [PMID: 19068513 DOI: 10.1063/1.2964205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In fusion plasmas gamma ray emission is caused by reactions of fast particles, such as fusion alpha particles, with impurities. Gamma ray spectroscopy at JET has provided valuable diagnostic information on fast fuel as well as fusion product ions. Improvements of these measurements are needed to fully exploit the flux increase provided by future high power experiments at JET and ITER. Limiting aspects are, for instance, the count rate capability due to a high neutron/gamma background combined with slow detector response and a modest energy resolution due to the low light yield of the scintillators. This paper describes the solutions developed for achieving higher energy resolution, signal to background, and time resolution. The detector design is described based on the new BrLa3 scintillator crystal. The paper will focus on hardware development, including a photomultiplier tube capable of stable operation at counting rate as high as 1 MHz, the magnetic shielding, and the fast digital data acquisition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tardocchi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicoccae Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, I-20125 Milan, Italy.
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9
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Jones TTC, Brennan D, Pearce RJH, Stork D, Zastrow KD, Balshaw N, Bell AC, Bertalot L, Boyer H, Butcher PR, Challis CD, Ciric D, Clarke R, Conroy S, Darke AC, Davies N, Edlington T, Ericsson G, Gibbons C, Hackett LJ, Haupt T, Hitchin M, Kaye AS, King R, Kiptily VG, Knipe S, Lawrence G, Lobel R, Mason A, Morgan PD, Patel B, Popovichev S, Stamp M, Surrey E, Terrington A, Worth L, Young D. Technical and Scientific Aspects of the JET Trace-Tritium Experimental Campaign. Fusion Science and Technology 2005. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T T C Jones
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - D Brennan
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - R J H Pearce
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - D Stork
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - K-D Zastrow
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - N Balshaw
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - A C Bell
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - L Bertalot
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
- Associazione EURATOM/ENEA sulla Fusione, Frascati, Italy
| | - H Boyer
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - P R Butcher
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - C D Challis
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - D Ciric
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - R Clarke
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - S Conroy
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
- EURATOM/VR Association, INF, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A C Darke
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - N Davies
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - T Edlington
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - G Ericsson
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
- EURATOM/VR Association, INF, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Gibbons
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - L J Hackett
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - T Haupt
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - M Hitchin
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - A S Kaye
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - R King
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - V G Kiptily
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - S Knipe
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - G Lawrence
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - R Lobel
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - A Mason
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - P D Morgan
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - B Patel
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - S Popovichev
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - M Stamp
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - E Surrey
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - A Terrington
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - L Worth
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
| | - D Young
- EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB UK
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10
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Kiptily VG, Baranov YF, Barnsley R, Bertalot L, Hawkes NC, Murari A, Popovichev S, Sharapov SE, Stork D, Yavorskij V. First gamma-ray measurements of fusion alpha particles in JET trace tritium experiments. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:115001. [PMID: 15447347 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-ray spectra from nuclear reactions between fusion-born alpha (alpha) particles and Be impurities were measured for the first time in deuterium-tritium plasmas in the Joint European Torus. The time dependence of the measured spectra allowed the determination of the density evolution of fast alpha particles. Correlation between the decay time of the gamma-ray emission and the plasma parameters in different plasma scenarios was established. Results are consistent with classical slowing down of the alpha particles in discharges with high plasma currents and monotonic q-profiles. In low plasma current discharges and in the discharges with large on-axis current holes (extreme reversal central magnetic shear), the gamma-ray emission decay times are shorter than the classical slowing down times, indicating an alpha-particle confinement degradation in such discharges in line with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Kiptily
- Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
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11
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Eriksson LG, Johnson T, Hellsten T, Giroud C, Kiptily VG, Kirov K, Brzozowski J, DeBaar M, DeGrassie J, Mantsinen M, Meigs A, Noterdaeme JM, Staebler A, Testa D, Tuccillo A, Zastrow KD. Plasma rotation induced by directed waves in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:235001. [PMID: 15245162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.235001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Changes of the toroidal plasma rotation induced by directed waves in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) have been identified experimentally for the first time on the JET tokamak. The momentum carried by the waves is initially absorbed by fast resonating ions, which subsequently transfer it to the bulk plasma. Thus, the results provide evidence for the influence of ICRF heated fast ions on plasma rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-G Eriksson
- Association EURATOM-CEA, CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA-Cadarache, St. Paul lez Durance, France
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12
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Mantsinen MJ, Ingesson LC, Johnson T, Kiptily VG, Mayoral ML, Sharapov SE, Alper B, Bertalot L, Conroy S, Eriksson LG, Hellsten T, Noterdaeme JM, Popovichev S, Righi E, Tuccillo AA. Controlling the profile of ion-cyclotron-resonant ions in JET with the wave-induced pinch effect. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:115004. [PMID: 12225145 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Experiments on the JET tokamak show that the wave-induced pinch in the presence of toroidally asymmetric waves can provide a tool for controlling the profile of ion-cyclotron-resonant 3He ions. Direct evidence for the wave-induced pinch has been obtained from the measured gamma-ray emission profiles. Concurrent differences in the excitation of Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs), sawtooth stabilization, electron temperatures, and fast-ion stored energies are observed. The measured location of the AEs and gamma-ray emission profiles are consistent with the fast-ion radial gradient providing the drive for AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Mantsinen
- Association Euratom-Tekes, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
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Mantsinen MJ, Mayoral ML, Kiptily VG, Sharapov SE, Alper B, Bickley A, de Baar M, Eriksson LG, Gondhalekar A, Hellsten T, Lawson K, Nguyen F, Noterdaeme JM, Righi E, Tuccillo AA, Zerbini M. Alpha-tail production with ion-cyclotron-resonance heating of 4He-beam ions in JET plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:105002. [PMID: 11909363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Third-harmonic ion-cyclotron-resonance heating of 4He-beam ions has produced for the first time on the JET tokamak high-energy populations of 4He ions to simulate 3.5 MeV fusion-born alpha (alpha) particles. Acceleration of 4He ions to the MeV energy range is confirmed by gamma-ray emission from the nuclear reaction 9Be(alpha,ngamma) 12C and excitation of Alfvén eigenmodes. Concomitant electron heating and sawtooth stabilization are observed. The scheme could be used in next-step tokamaks to gain information on trapped alpha particles and to test alpha diagnostics in the early nonactivated phase of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Mantsinen
- Helsinki University of Technology, Association Euratom-Tekes, Finland
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