1
|
Atkins N, Harikar M, Duggan K, Zawiejska A, Vardhan V, Vokey L, Dozier M, de los Godos EF, Mcswiggan E, Mcquillan R, Theodoratou E, Shi T. What are the characteristics of participatory surveillance systems for influenza-like-illness? J Glob Health 2023; 13:04130. [PMID: 37856769 PMCID: PMC10587643 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seasonal influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality, with an estimated 9.4 million hospitalisations and 290 000-650 000 respiratory related-deaths globally each year. Influenza can also cause mild illness, which is why not all symptomatic persons might necessarily be tested for influenza. To monitor influenza activity, healthcare facility-based syndromic surveillance for influenza-like illness is often implemented. Participatory surveillance systems for influenza-like illness (ILI) play an important role in influenza surveillance and can complement traditional facility-based surveillance systems to provide real-time estimates of influenza-like illness activity. However, such systems differ in designs between countries and contexts, making it necessary to identify their characteristics to better understand how they fit traditional surveillance systems. Consequently, we aimed to investigate the performance of participatory surveillance systems for ILI worldwide. Methods We systematically searched four databases for relevant articles on influenza participatory surveillance systems for ILI. We extracted data from the included, eligible studies and assessed their quality using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tools. We then synthesised the findings using narrative synthesis. Results We included 39 out of 3797 retrieved articles for analysis. We identified 26 participatory surveillance systems, most of which sought to capture the burden and trends of influenza-like illness and acute respiratory infections among cohorts with risk factors for influenza-like illness. Of all the surveillance system attributes assessed, 52% reported on correlation with other surveillance systems, 27% on representativeness, and 21% on acceptability. Among studies that reported these attributes, all systems were rated highly in terms of simplicity, flexibility, sensitivity, utility, and timeliness. Most systems (87.5%) were also well accepted by users, though participation rates varied widely. However, despite their potential for greater reach and accessibility, most systems (90%) fared poorly in terms of representativeness of the population. Stability was a concern for some systems (60%), as was completeness (50%). Conclusions The analysis of participatory surveillance system attributes showed their potential in providing timely and reliable influenza data, especially in combination with traditional hospital- and laboratory led-surveillance systems. Further research is needed to design future systems with greater uptake and utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadege Atkins
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Joint first authorship
| | - Mandara Harikar
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Joint first authorship
| | - Kirsten Duggan
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Agnieszka Zawiejska
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vaishali Vardhan
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laura Vokey
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marshall Dozier
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma F de los Godos
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Equal contribution
| | - Emilie Mcswiggan
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ruth Mcquillan
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Equal contribution
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- UNCOVER (Usher Network for COVID-19 Evidence Reviews) Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Equal contribution
| | - Ting Shi
- Center for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Equal contribution
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh P, Chopra M, Vardhan V. Detection of obstructive sleep apnea in young patients suffering from coronary artery disease by performing portable polysomnography studies. Med J Armed Forces India 2022; 78:394-399. [PMID: 36267506 PMCID: PMC9577263 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be an important contributory factor of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the extent of contribution of OSA in young patients suffering from CAD is not known. Thus, with an aim to detect OSA in young patients suffering from CAD by performing portable polysomnography (PSG), the present study was carried out at a tertiary care chest center. Methods A prospective study was carried out from June 2015 to June 2018, wherein 100 consecutive young (age less than 40 years), non-smoking patients with angiographically confirmed CAD, with no identifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases except obesity, were subjected to level 3 portable PSG studies. Results Of 100 patients with CAD, 80% had OSA (24% with mild OSA, 28% with moderate OSA, and 28% with severe OSA). Body weight and severity of OSA showed a significant correlation with a P-value of 0.033. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The categorical variables were compared using Fischer's exact test. Conclusion The study detected a significant number of young patients with angiographically confirmed CAD having OSA. A significant correlation was also observed between weight and severity of OSA, suggesting that overweight patients and patients with obesity have higher grades of OSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Pulmonologist (Pulmonary Medicine), Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India
| | - Manu Chopra
- Pulmonologist (Pulmonary Medicine), Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India
| | - V. Vardhan
- Consultant & Head (Pulmonary Medicine), Army Hospital (Research & Referral), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vardhan V, Dikid T, Yadav R, Patil R, Awate P. Foodborne Disease outbreak associated with eating Gaajar Halwa at a Wedding - Palghar District, Maharashtra, India, 2018. Indian J Public Health 2021; 65:S10-S13. [PMID: 33753585 PMCID: PMC10372468 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1099_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A foodborne disease outbreak among wedding attendees from Makunsar village, Palghar district, Maharashtra state, India, was reported on February 18, 2018. Objectives The outbreak investigation was conducted to find out the epidemiology of the outbreak and to identify the etiologic agent and risk factors. Methods A case-control study was carried out, where cases (patients), controls, and food handlers were interviewed and leftover foods were collected for culture. A case was defined as a person having vomiting or diarrhea (i.e., ≥3 loose stools within 24 h) who attended the wedding ceremony at Makunsar village, Palghar district, Maharashtra, on February 18, 2018. Attack rate and odds ratio (OR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Out of 75 cases, 63% were female. Altogether, forty-two (56%) cases were hospitalized, and later on, all of them were discharged from hospital without any mortality. About 93%, 68%, 43%, and 41% of the cases reported with vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, respectively. The median incubation period was found to be 4 h (range: 2-8 h). Eating gaajar halwa (carrot pudding) was significantly associated with illness (OR: 12.8; 95% CI: 3.5-46). Gaajar halwa is prepared with khoa, a perishable milk product. The gaajar halwa culture yielded no growth. Conclusion The case-patients' clinical presentation and incubation period were consistent with enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus as the probable etiologic agent. The epidemiologic investigation identified the probable etiologic agent and food source in a low-resource community setting. Community food handlers were educated on food preparation hygiene and safe storage measures to prevent future outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Vardhan
- Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanzin Dikid
- Coordinator, Epidemic Intelligence Service Programme, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Yadav
- Public Health Specialist, Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramakant Patil
- District Epidemiologist, Health Department, Zilla Parishad (District Council), Palghar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradip Awate
- State Surveillance Officer, Office of Joint Director of Health Services, Maharashtra, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chand K, Khandelwal R, Vardhan V. Resistance to Antituberculosis Drugs in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 62:325-7. [PMID: 27688532 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(06)80097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of drug resistance and pattern of susceptibility to antitubercular drugs in pulmonary tuberculosis amongst soldiers and their families was studied for four years at a military hospital in northwest India. METHODS Identification and susceptibility tests were carried out as per procedures laid out in laboratory manual of Tuberculosis Research Centre (TRC), Chennai. RESULTS Of the 172 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolated from sputum samples, 150 (87.21%) were sensitive and 22 (12.79%) showed resistance to one or more antitubercular drugs. Acquired drug resistance was observed in 7 (31.82%) and primary drug resistance in 15 (68.18%) cases. Among 22 drug resistant cases, who were on short course chemotherapy (SCC), resistance to single drug was observed in 12 (54.54%), two drugs in 7 (31.82%) and to three or more drugs in 3 (13.64%) isolates. Fourteen (18.14%) strains were resistant to Streptomycin, 8 (4.65%) to Rifampicin, 11 (6.40%) to Isoniazid, 1 (0.58%) to Pyrazinamide and 2 (1.16%) to Ethambutol. Multidrug resistance was observed in 5 (2.91%) cases, of which resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampicin was present in 2 (1.16%) and their combination with other drugs in other 3 (1.74%) isolates. CONCLUSIONS Drug susceptibility pattern to antitubercular drugs is discussed and compared with studies from other centres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Chand
- ADMS, HQ 5 Mountain Division, C/o 99 APO
| | - R Khandelwal
- Classified Specialist (Pathology), Military Hospital, Kirkee
| | - V Vardhan
- Classified Specialist (Medicine & Respiratory diseases), Military Hospital (CTC), Pune-40
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rai SP, Patil AP, Vardhan V, Marwah V, Pethe M, Pandey IM. Best Treatment Guidelines For Bronchial Asthma. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 63:264-8. [PMID: 27408013 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(07)80151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common disease worldwide with significant ethnic and regional variations. An increasing morbidity and mortality, as well as health care burden from asthma have been recognized lately. Several evidence based guidelines have been developed with an aim to standardize and improve the quality of management. These guidelines seek to translate the advances in the understanding of pathogenesis of asthma and in the development of new agents and strategies into practical application at all levels of healthcare. These advocate an assessment of the patients to classify the severity of diseases followed by a step-wise approach to treatment. With the current management we hope to achieve minimum or nil day time and night time symptoms, prevent acute exacerbations and attain normal or near normal lung function, thus improving the overall quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Rai
- Senior Advisor (Medicine & Respiratory Medicine), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune 40
| | - A P Patil
- Senior Advisor (Medicine & Respiratory Medicine), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune 40
| | - V Vardhan
- Classified Specialist (Medicine & Respiratory Medicine), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune 40
| | - V Marwah
- Senior Resident (Respiratory Medicine), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune 40
| | - M Pethe
- Senior Resident (Respiratory Medicine), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune 40
| | - I M Pandey
- Resident Respiratory Medicine, Military Hospital (CTC) Pune 40
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rai SP, Patil AP, Vardhan V, Kumar R, Bhattacharya P, Pethe M. Intraluminal Bronchial Carcinoid Resection by Bronchoscopy. Med J Armed Forces India 2008; 64:86-8. [PMID: 27408094 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(08)80164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S P Rai
- Senior Advisor (Medicine & Respiratory Medicine), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune - 40
| | - A P Patil
- Senior Advisor (Medicine & Respiratory Medicine), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune - 40
| | - V Vardhan
- Classified Specialist (Medicine & Respiratory Medicine), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune - 40
| | - R Kumar
- Classified Specialist (Radiodiagnosis & Interventional Radiologist), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune - 40
| | - P Bhattacharya
- Classified Specialist (Pathology), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune - 40
| | - M Pethe
- Senior Resident (Respiratory Medicine), Military Hospital (CTC) Pune - 40
| |
Collapse
|