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Chigor CB, Ibangha IAI, Nweze NO, Onuora VC, Ozochi CA, Titilawo Y, Enebe MC, Chernikova TN, Golyshin PN, Chigor VN. Prevalence of integrons in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from waters and vegetables in Nsukka and Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:60945-60952. [PMID: 35437658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation of fresh produce with poorly treated wastewater or contaminated freshwater sources can lead to produce contamination and foodborne illnesses, as well as the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. In this study, we assessed the presence of integrons in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent, tap water, vegetables from irrigated gardens and vegetables sold in selected markets from Nsukka and Enugu cities. E. coli was isolated following standard laboratory procedure and confirmed through beta-glucuronidase (uidA)-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antibiotic resistance of the isolates was determined using Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion assay, and multiplex PCR was used to determine the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons. Our result revealed a total of 188 E. coli isolates from WWTP effluent (n = 41), tap water (n = 10) and vegetables from greenhouse (n = 46), farms (n = 55) and market (n = 36). Multidrug resistance was detected in all the isolates, ranging from three-drug resistance in a single isolate to 7-drug resistance patterns in two different isolates. Of the total isolates, class 1 integrons were abundantly detected in 175 (93.1%) and class 2 in 5 (2.7%). All the class 2 integrons were found in isolates that were positive for class 1. The abundance of multidrug-resistant E. coli harbouring class 1 integrons in the effluent and vegetable samples is a potential public health risk. Therefore, the appropriate measures for the safe use of poorly treated wastewater for vegetable farm irrigation are required to be put in place to reduce the microbial load of the discharged effluent. Also, education of farmers and the community on the dangers of wastewater effluent-grown plants and proper methods for cleaning harvested vegetable is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere B Chigor
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ini-Abasi I Ibangha
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Nkechinyere O Nweze
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Valentino C Onuora
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chizoba A Ozochi
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Yinka Titilawo
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Matthew C Enebe
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Peter N Golyshin
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor Gwynedd, UK
| | - Vincent N Chigor
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Obarisiagbon EO, Olagbuji BN, Onuora VC, Oguike TC, Ande ABA. Iatrogenic urological injuries complicating obstetric and gynaecological procedures. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:738-741. [PMID: 22009394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urinary tract injuries are known complications of pelvic surgeries. Although a few instances have been noted, they remain a source of great concern to surgeons due to their associated morbidity and occasional mortality. We report our experience with the management of iatrogenic urological injuries that complicated obstetric and gynaecological surgeries over a five-year period. METHODS We reviewed all cases of urological injuries managed in our unit that were deemed to be of obstetric and gynaecological origins within the study period. RESULTS A total of 16 patients were identified as having iatrogenic urological injuries following obstetric and gynaecological surgeries. Only four patients presented early. Five patients had injuries to the bladder, while 12 had ureteric injuries; one of the 16 patients had both types of injuries. Seven cases of ureteric injuries affected only the left ureter, while three were bilateral and two affected the right ureter. One patient with a vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) was successfully managed by urethral catheter drainage alone. Three patients had transabdominal repair of the VVF, while ten had ureteroureterostomy and one had diversion procedure. Simple nephrectomy was performed for one patient with a non-functioning kidney. CONCLUSION Iatrogenic urological injuries are still common in our environment. In order to reduce the risk of injury, adequate preoperative preparation is recommended and meticulous surgical technique based on proper understanding of the anatomy of the urogenital system should be practised by the surgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Obarisiagbon
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City 300001, Nigeria.
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Takure AO, Onuora VC, Akerele W. Post open prostatectomy bladder exteriorization mimicking "acquired bladder extrophy". Open Access J Urol 2010; 2:31-4. [PMID: 24198611 PMCID: PMC3818875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 58-year-old Nigerian male had open prostatectomy undertaken in a private hospital 3 months before presenting at our out-patient clinic with leakage of urine and a widening supra pubic defect of 10 weeks duration. Examination showed the posterior bladder wall and visible trigone. Subsequently the defect was closed and he remained continent at follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- AO Takure
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria,Correspondence: AO Takure, Urology Division, Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, Email
| | - VC Onuora
- College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Benin, Nigeria
| | - W Akerele
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria
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Unuigbe EI, Azubike CA, Okaka EI, Osarenkhoe JO, Onuora VC. Twenty-one-year-old male with congenital anomalies, obstructive uropathy and chronic renal failure: is this a case of Townes Brocks syndrome? Niger J Clin Pract 2007; 10:91-4. [PMID: 17668723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Townes Brocks syndrome is an autosomal dominant multiple malformations syndrome comprising of ear anomalies/hearing loss, limb defects, anal, genitourinary, eye, spine anomalies, heart defects and sometimes mental retardation. This report presents the case of a 21-year-old secondary school leaver as a likely case of Townes-Brocks syndrome. He was born with congenital abnormalities consisting of fixed flexion deformities of hands, wrist and elbows, urethral meatal stenosis, scoliosis and aortic stenosis. He was diagnosed with obstructive uropathy at the age of 19 years and subsequently developed chronic renal failure. The report aims to highlight the need for early recognition of potentially preventable conditions, which, if left unattended to, can lead to unnecessary fatality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Unuigbe
- Department of Medicine, University ofBenin Teaching Hospital Benin City.
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Onuora VC, Oguike TC, Adekanye A, Onawola K, Obarisiagbon E. Appendico-vesicostomy in tile management of complex vesico-vaginal fistulae. Niger J Clin Pract 2006; 9:89-90. [PMID: 16986299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Complex vesico-vaginal fistulae (VVFs) continue to complicated prolonged obstructed labour in this country. Recently a young lady presented to us with a huge VVF, associated with loss of the urethra and bladder neck, severe gynaetresia and recto-vaginal fistula. Her VVF was successfully managed by an appendico-vesiscostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Onuora
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Onuora
- Department of Urology, Riyadh Medical Complex, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Haematuria from obscure lesions of the kidney sometimes pose both diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Recently, we managed a patient in whom a confident diagnosis of pyelovenous fistula was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M al Turki
- Department of Urology, Riyadh Medical Complex, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Posterior urethral valves (PUV) account for a sizeable proportion of children with chronic renal failure. Several criteria have been identified as predictive of future renal function in children with PUV. We compared the presenting features and initial treatment in two groups of Saudi children treated for PUV, with the aim of identifying any factors that might account for the differences observed in their renal function. One group (group A, 19 patients) had a serum creatinine of 80 micromol/l or less at follow-up and the other (group B, 13 patients) had higher levels. There was no significant difference in age or weight at presentation, incidence and severity of reflux, urinary tract infection, or type of primary treatment (valve ablation versus vesicostomy) between the two groups. However, after 5-7 days of catheter drainage, the mean serum creatinine level was 88+/-62 micromol/l for patients in group A compared with 172+/-77 micromol/l for those in group B (P<0.0001). This difference was highly significant. Linear regression analysis of post-drainage creatinine and serum creatinine at last follow-up showed a correlation coefficient of 0.7171 (P<0.0001). Hence the serum creatinine level after catheter drainage correlated strongly with renal function during short-term follow-up of Saudi children with PUV. This might help in the selection of the optimal initial therapy and provide some basis for prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Onuora
- Department of Urology, Riyadh Medical Complex, Saudi Arabia.
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Koko AH, Onuora VC, Al Shabani NA, Meabed AH, Al Turki M, Al Jawini N. Rupture of the urinary bladder during labour: an unusual presentation of bladder tumour. BJU Int 1999; 83:348-9. [PMID: 10233512 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A H Koko
- Department of Urology, Riyadh Medical Complex, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Onuora VC, al Ariyan R, Koko AH, Abdelwahab AS, al Jawini N. Major injuries to the urinary tract in association with childbirth. East Afr Med J 1997; 74:523-6. [PMID: 9487420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study was designed to determine the incidence of major injuries to the urinary tract that occur during parturition and to assess their management. Twenty one such injuries were managed at the maternity wing of the Riyadh Medical Complex in a four-year period. They occurred during a total delivery of 48,693. This gives an incidence of major urinary trauma of 43 per 100,000 births. There were 4,622 deliveries by caesarean section, giving a section rate of 9.5%. Of ten cases of severe bladder injuries, seven occurred in association with ruptured uteri, and three at repeat caesarean sections. One case of bladder rupture involved injury to the ureters, and another was associated with vaginal laceration and traumatic vesico-vaginal fistula. All bladder injuries were discovered either on the table or soon after delivery. Ten women sustained ureteric injuries. Five injuries occurred during caesarean section, three at caesarean hysterectomies, two were avulsed from a ruptured bladder and another was ligated during repair of a deep cervical laceration. Only one case of ureteric injury was made intra-operatively. The others (90%), were discovered in the early puerperium, ranging from five to twenty one days. There was one case of rupture of a diseased kidney during labour. She presented soon after delivery and had nephrectomy. Haemorrhage was profuse in many cases and warranted hysterectomy in six cases, internal iliac artery ligation in three cases, and both procedures in one case. Assessment of viability of tissues and integrity of the ureters was made difficult by bleeding. Successful bladder repair was achieved in nine out of ten women employing limited excision of tissues and liberal drainage. Exploration and repair of ureteric injuries was preceded by a period of percutaneous nephrostomy drainage. This approach was associated with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Onuora
- Department of Urology, Riyadh Medical Complex, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Onuora VC, Koko AH, Jasser AN, Al Jawini N. Management of uretero-pelvic obstruction in developing countries. East Afr Med J 1996; 73:513-5. [PMID: 8898465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Congenital pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) was found in 29 of 36 renal units explored for impaired pelvic drainage in 34 adults. There was a primary nephrectomy rate of 8.4%, and follow up was poor. The widespread use of ultrasound scan has led to an increase in the number of children with equivocal PUJ obstruction. Where surveillance is inadequate, as is the case in developing countries, we suggest that early operation might lead to better renal salvage in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Onuora
- Department of Urology, Riyadh Medical Complex, Saudi Arabia
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Onuora VC, Koko AH, Patil MG. Management of impotence in a developing country. East Afr Med J 1995; 72:415-7. [PMID: 7498020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Three hundred and seventy five impotent men attended our Andrology clinic between July 1988 and June 1993. Their ages ranged from 20-89 years. Associated factors were diabetes mellitus, testicular failure, trauma, venous leak and hyperprolactinaemia. We categorised them into subgroups of highly educated men with manual dexterity and financial ability but impairment of manual dexterity, financially able but illiterate men, and illiterate poor with or without manual dexterity. Penile prostheses were implanted in 15; 48 were treated with vasoactive substances; 4 with vacuum devices and two had ligation of venous leaks. However, 297 (79%) men did not get the treatment best suited for their problems and received only supplementary hormones and/or psychological reassurance. In the developing countries, the selection of the appropriate treatment modality for impotence is compounded by considerations of economic, social and educational factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Onuora
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Nineteen children treated for posterior urethral obstruction due to congenital valve in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, over a 9-year period have been analysed. Their ages ranged from birth to 12 years. Results show that associated kidney pathology may be irreversible even after successful excision of the valve. This determines the final prognosis, which is worse the younger the child at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Evbuomwan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
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Abstract
Twenty-one men with blunt scrotal trauma managed in the Urology Department of Riyadh Central Hospital are presented. The decision for surgical exploration was strengthened by ultrasonic findings in six patients--four men with haematocoele and ruptured testicles and two with expanding extratesticular haematoma and normal testes. In addition, sonography revealed unsuspected intratesticular haematoma and disrupted tunica albuginea (without haematocoele) in two other cases. One case managed non-operatively developed a testicular abscess detected by ultrasound. Surgery confirmed the diagnoses in all nine cases that were explored. Thirteen patients were managed non-operatively, including six cases in whom sonography revealed contused testes. Hence, the value of ultrasound scanning in evaluating patients after blunt scrotal trauma was established. It complemented clinical findings and detected unsuspected testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Patil
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital, Riyadh
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Abstract
Fifteen children (11 boys and 4 girls) with severe injuries of the urinary tract were admitted to the Riyadh Central Hospital between 1990 and 1992. Their ages ranged from 2.5 to 12 years (mean 7.3 years), and their injuries were parts of multiple-organ trauma. Following resuscitation, every child was evaluated and staged by either intravenous urography, CT scan or ultrasonography or a combination of these. Commonly associated injuries were to the skeleton, spleen and liver. Two patients with ureteropelvic junction injuries and two girls with traumatic urethropaginal fistulas were not diagnosed. The delay in diagnosis contributed to an increase in morbidity. Despite modern radiological imaging, some severe injuries of the urinary tract can still be missed. Heightened awareness and thorough clinical examination are mandatory for early diagnosis of such injuries in children with multiple injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Onuora
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Nineteen patients with iatrogenic urogenital fistulae were treated between 1985 and 1989. All resulted from obstetric and gynaecological surgery. Major symptoms were leakage of urine through the vagina, menouria and perineal dermatitis. The fistulae formed after treatment for benign conditions in 18 patients. Fistulae complicating cancer surgery were uncommon. All patients with uretero-vaginal fistulae underwent preliminary percutaneous nephrostomy. Twelve patients underwent reconstruction using either the Boari-Ockerblad flap (5), uretero-neocystostomy (4) or other techniques (3), all with excellent results. Most of the remaining patients had treatment elsewhere. We consider that preliminary diversion, followed by delayed reconstruction, is a valuable option in the management of uretero-vaginal fistulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Onuora
- Department of Urology, Riyadh Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia
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Afzal M, Baez-Giangreco A, al Jaser AN, Onuora VC. Unusual bilateral renal histiocytosis. Extranodal variant of Rosai-Dorfman disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1992; 116:1366-7. [PMID: 1456886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 37-year-old Bangladeshi presented with large bilateral masses involving the hilus of the kidneys. No lymphadenopathy was noted. Nephrectomy was performed. Histopathologically, it revealed a lymphohistiocytic and plasma cell inflammatory tumoral proliferation with characteristic lymphophagocytosis by the S100-positive-CD1-negative histiocytes. Extranodal presentation of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) should be entertained in the differential diagnosis of bilateral masses involving the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Afzal
- Pathology Department, Central Laboratory Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meabed
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Onuora VC, Akumabor PN, Aghahowa JA. Non-germ cell testicular tumours in Nigerians. Trop Geogr Med 1989; 41:358-60. [PMID: 2635452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-germ cell testicular tumours are reported to be more common in peoples of Negroid and Asian descent than in Caucasians. This group of tumours comprised seven of sixteen testicular tumours seen in a ten-year period at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. However, unlike experiences elsewhere in Africa and the West Indies where paratesticular tumours accounted for a majority of these tumours, malignant lymphomas constituted over 70% of non-germinal testicular tumours in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Onuora
- Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital
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Abstract
Children between the ages of 6 years and 12 years numbering 2200, were examined for general physical development and external abnormality to correlate these anomalies with frequency of undescended testis. Whereas the overall frequency of undescended testis in this population was 0.5%, this condition was present in 1% of boys with peri-umbilical hernia. Undescended testis should be looked for in children with external congenital anomalies, particularly of the anterior abdominal wall.
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Onuora VC, Akumabor PN, Orhue AA, Kadiri AI. Subfertile men with severe oligospermia: outcome of management. East Afr Med J 1988; 65:490-4. [PMID: 3240756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Adedeji MO, Onuora VC, Ukoli FA. Haematological parameters associated with priapism in Nigerian patients with homozygous sickle cell disease. J Trop Med Hyg 1988; 91:157-9. [PMID: 2455813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Haematological indices in 23 male homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) patients with priapism were the subject of this study. Patients with priapism showed significantly higher haemoglobin and haematocrit levels than in controls (P less than 0.0005 in both cases). Fetal haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the control group than in SCD patients with priapism (P less than 0.0005). The implications of these findings are discussed and it is suggested that the practice of managing some of these patients conservatively by the transfusion of packed red blood cells to build up their haemoglobin and haematocrit levels needs to be reviewed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Adedeji
- Department of Surgery, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria
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Onuora VC. Non-thyroid neck masses in tropical Africans. Trop Geogr Med 1987; 39:256-9. [PMID: 3433340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine the nature of non-thyroid neck masses among Nigerians. Under the age of 30 years tuberculosis accounted for 39% of cases; at the age of over 30 years metastases to lymph nodes was responsible for the majority (29%). Tuberculosis is not a major cause of neck masses in Nigerians over the age of 30. Primary lymphomas accounted for 23% of all cases, and were encountered uniformly in all age-groups. Congenital lesions like cystic hygroma, thyroglossal duct cyst, and branchial cysts were uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Onuora
- Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
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