1
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LeBleu VS, Kanasaki K, Lovisa S, Alge JL, Kim J, Chen Y, Teng Y, Gerami-Naini B, Sugimoto H, Kato N, Revuelta I, Grau N, Sleeman JP, Taduri G, Kizu A, Rafii S, Hochedlinger K, Quaggin SE, Kalluri R. Genetic reprogramming with stem cells regenerates glomerular epithelial podocytes in Alport syndrome. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402664. [PMID: 38561223 PMCID: PMC10985218 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glomerular filtration relies on the type IV collagen (ColIV) network of the glomerular basement membrane, namely, in the triple helical molecules containing the α3, α4, and α5 chains of ColIV. Loss of function mutations in the genes encoding these chains (Col4a3, Col4a4, and Col4a5) is associated with the loss of renal function observed in Alport syndrome (AS). Precise understanding of the cellular basis for the patho-mechanism remains unknown and a specific therapy for this disease does not currently exist. Here, we generated a novel allele for the conditional deletion of Col4a3 in different glomerular cell types in mice. We found that podocytes specifically generate α3 chains in the developing glomerular basement membrane, and that its absence is sufficient to impair glomerular filtration as seen in AS. Next, we show that horizontal gene transfer, enhanced by TGFβ1 and using allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, rescues Col4a3 expression and revive kidney function in Col4a3-deficient AS mice. Our proof-of-concept study supports that horizontal gene transfer such as cell fusion enables cell-based therapy in Alport syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Kellogg School of Management, Chicago, IL, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lovisa
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph L Alge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiha Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingqi Teng
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Behzad Gerami-Naini
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noritoshi Kato
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Grau
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Sleeman
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gangadhar Taduri
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akane Kizu
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine & Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Laklai H, Miroshnikova YA, Pickup MW, Collisson EA, Kim GE, Barrett AS, Hill RC, Lakins JN, Schlaepfer DD, Mouw JK, LeBleu VS, Roy N, Novitskiy SV, Johansen JS, Poli V, Kalluri R, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Wood LD, Hebrok M, Hansen K, Moses HL, Weaver VM. Author Correction: Genotype tunes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue tension to induce matricellular fibrosis and tumor progression. Nat Med 2024; 30:908. [PMID: 38017076 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Laklai
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael W Pickup
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric A Collisson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Grace E Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alex S Barrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan C Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Johnathon N Lakins
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David D Schlaepfer
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Janna K Mouw
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nilotpal Roy
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sergey V Novitskiy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia S Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology, David Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura D Wood
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kirk Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Harold L Moses
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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3
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Kugeratski FG, LeBleu VS, Dowlatshahi DP, Sugimoto H, Arian KA, Fan Y, Huang L, Wells D, Lilla S, Hodge K, Zanivan S, McAndrews KM, Kalluri R. Engineered immunomodulatory extracellular vesicles derived from epithelial cells acquire capacity for positive and negative T cell co-stimulation in cancer and autoimmunity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.02.565371. [PMID: 37961535 PMCID: PMC10635085 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by all cells and systemic administration of allogenic EVs derived from epithelial and mesenchymal cells have been shown to be safe, despite carrying an array of functional molecules, including thousands of proteins. To address whether epithelial cells derived EVs can be modified to acquire the capacity to induce immune response, we engineered 293T EVs to harbor the immunomodulatory CD80, OX40L and PD-L1 molecules. We demonstrated abundant levels of these proteins on the engineered cells and EVs. Functionally, the engineered EVs efficiently elicit positive and negative co-stimulation in human and murine T cells. In the setting of cancer and auto-immune hepatitis, the engineered EVs modulate T cell functions and alter disease progression. Moreover, OX40L EVs provide additional benefit to anti-CTLA-4 treatment in melanoma-bearing mice. Our work provides evidence that epithelial cell derived EVs can be engineered to induce immune responses with translational potential to modulate T cell functions in distinct pathological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G. Kugeratski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Dara P. Dowlatshahi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kent A. Arian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Danielle Wells
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Kelly Hodge
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathleen M. McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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Mahadevan KK, McAndrews KM, LeBleu VS, Yang S, Lyu H, Li B, Sockwell AM, Kirtley ML, Morse SJ, Moreno Diaz BA, Kim MP, Feng N, Lopez AM, Guerrero PA, Paradiso F, Sugimoto H, Arian KA, Ying H, Barekatain Y, Sthanam LK, Kelly PJ, Maitra A, Heffernan TP, Kalluri R. KRAS G12D inhibition reprograms the microenvironment of early and advanced pancreatic cancer to promote FAS-mediated killing by CD8 + T cells. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1606-1620.e8. [PMID: 37625401 PMCID: PMC10785700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The KRASG12D mutation is present in nearly half of pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC). We investigated the effects of inhibiting the KRASG12D mutant protein with MRTX1133, a non-covalent small molecule inhibitor of KRASG12D, on early and advanced PDAC and its influence on the tumor microenvironment. Employing 16 different models of KRASG12D-driven PDAC, we demonstrate that MRTX1133 reverses early PDAC growth, increases intratumoral CD8+ effector T cells, decreases myeloid infiltration, and reprograms cancer-associated fibroblasts. MRTX1133 leads to regression of both established PanINs and advanced PDAC. Regression of advanced PDAC requires CD8+ T cells and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) synergizes with MRTX1133 to eradicate PDAC and prolong overall survival. Mechanistically, inhibition of KRASG12D in advanced PDAC and human patient derived organoids induces FAS expression in cancer cells and facilitates CD8+ T cell-mediated death. Collectively, this study provides a rationale for a synergistic combination of MRTX1133 with ICB in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan K Mahadevan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sujuan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hengyu Lyu
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingrui Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amari M Sockwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle L Kirtley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sami J Morse
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara A Moreno Diaz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ningping Feng
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anastasia M Lopez
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paola A Guerrero
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Break Through Cancer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Paradiso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kent A Arian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yasaman Barekatain
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lakshmi Kavitha Sthanam
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patience J Kelly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- TRACTION Platform, Therapeutics Discovery Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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5
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Mahadevan KK, LeBleu VS, Ramirez EV, Chen Y, Li B, Sockwell AM, Gagea M, Sugimoto H, Sthanam LK, Tampe D, Zeisberg M, Ying H, Jain AK, DePinho RA, Maitra A, McAndrews KM, Kalluri R. Elimination of oncogenic KRAS in genetic mouse models eradicates pancreatic cancer by inducing FAS-dependent apoptosis by CD8 + T cells. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1562-1577.e8. [PMID: 37625403 PMCID: PMC10810082 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic KRASG12D (KRAS∗) is critical for the initiation and maintenance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and is a known repressor of tumor immunity. Conditional elimination of KRAS∗ in genetic mouse models of PDAC leads to the reactivation of FAS, CD8+ T cell-mediated apoptosis, and complete eradication of tumors. KRAS∗ elimination recruits activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and promotes the activation of antigen-presenting cells. Mechanistically, KRAS∗-mediated immune evasion involves the epigenetic regulation of Fas death receptor in cancer cells, via methylation of its promoter region. Furthermore, analysis of human RNA sequencing identifies that high KRAS expression in PDAC tumors shows a lower proportion of CD8+ T cells and demonstrates shorter survival compared with tumors with low KRAS expression. This study highlights the role of CD8+ T cells in the eradication of PDAC following KRAS∗ elimination and provides a rationale for the combination of KRAS∗ targeting with immunotherapy to control PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan K Mahadevan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elena V Ramirez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingrui Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amari M Sockwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lakshmi Kavitha Sthanam
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Desiree Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhinav K Jain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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LeBleu VS, Dai J, Tsutakawa S, MacDonald BA, Alge JL, Sund M, Xie L, Sugimoto H, Tainer J, Zon LI, Kalluri R. Identification of unique α4 chain structure and conserved antiangiogenic activity of α3NC1 type IV collagen in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1046-1060. [PMID: 37002899 PMCID: PMC10524752 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type IV collagen is an abundant component of basement membranes in all multicellular species and is essential for the extracellular scaffold supporting tissue architecture and function. Lower organisms typically have two type IV collagen genes, encoding α1 and α2 chains, in contrast with the six genes in humans, encoding α1-α6 chains. The α chains assemble into trimeric protomers, the building blocks of the type IV collagen network. The detailed evolutionary conservation of type IV collagen network remains to be studied. RESULTS We report on the molecular evolution of type IV collagen genes. The zebrafish α4 non-collagenous (NC1) domain, in contrast with its human ortholog, contains an additional cysteine residue and lacks the M93 and K211 residues involved in sulfilimine bond formation between adjacent protomers. This may alter α4 chain interactions with other α chains, as supported by temporal and anatomic expression patterns of collagen IV chains during the zebrafish development. Despite the divergence between zebrafish and human α3 NC1 domain (endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, Tumstatin), the zebrafish α3 NC1 domain exhibits conserved antiangiogenic activity in human endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our work supports type IV collagen is largely conserved between zebrafish and humans, with a possible difference involving the α4 chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianli Dai
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Tsutakawa
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brian A MacDonald
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph L Alge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Malin Sund
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Tainer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Mahadevan KK, McAndrews KM, LeBleu VS, Yang S, Lyu H, Li B, Sockwell AM, Kirtley ML, Morse SJ, Moreno Diaz BA, Kim MP, Feng N, Lopez AM, Guerrero PA, Sugimoto H, Arian KA, Ying H, Barekatain Y, Kelly PJ, Maitra A, Heffernan TP, Kalluri R. Oncogenic Kras G12D specific non-covalent inhibitor reprograms tumor microenvironment to prevent and reverse early pre-neoplastic pancreatic lesions and in combination with immunotherapy regresses advanced PDAC in a CD8 + T cells dependent manner. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.15.528757. [PMID: 36824971 PMCID: PMC9948969 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with mutations in Kras, a known oncogenic driver of PDAC; and the KRAS G12D mutation is present in nearly half of PDAC patients. Recently, a non-covalent small molecule inhibitor (MRTX1133) was identified with specificity to the Kras G12D mutant protein. Here we explore the impact of Kras G12D inhibition by MRTX1133 on advanced PDAC and its influence on the tumor microenvironment. Employing different orthotopic xenograft and syngeneic tumor models, eight different PDXs, and two different autochthonous genetic models, we demonstrate that MRTX1133 reverses early PDAC growth, increases intratumoral CD8 + effector T cells, decreases myeloid infiltration, and reprograms cancer associated fibroblasts. Autochthonous genetic mouse models treated with MRTX1133 leads to regression of both established PanINs and advanced PDAC. Regression of advanced PDAC requires CD8 + T cells and immune checkpoint blockade therapy (iCBT) synergizes with MRTX1133 to eradicate PDAC and prolong overall survival. Mechanistically, inhibition of mutant Kras in advanced PDAC and human patient derived organoids (PDOs) induces Fas expression in cancer cells and facilitates CD8 + T cell mediated death. These results demonstrate the efficacy of MRTX1133 in different mouse models of PDAC associated with reprogramming of stromal fibroblasts and a dependency on CD8 + T cell mediated tumor clearance. Collectively, this study provides a rationale for a synergistic combination of MRTX1133 with iCBT in clinical trials.
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8
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Haltom AR, Hassen WE, Hensel J, Kim J, Sugimoto H, Li B, McAndrews KM, Conner MR, Kirtley ML, Luo X, Xie B, Volpert OV, Olalekan S, Maltsev N, Basu A, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Engineered exosomes targeting MYC reverse the proneural-mesenchymal transition and extend survival of glioblastoma. Extracell Vesicle 2022; 1:100014. [PMID: 37503329 PMCID: PMC10373511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vesic.2022.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated Myc signaling is a key oncogenic pathway in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Yet, effective therapeutic targeting of Myc continues to be challenging. Here, we demonstrate that exosomes generated from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) engineered to encapsulate siRNAs targeting Myc (iExo-Myc) localize to orthotopic GBM tumors in mice. Treatment of late stage GBM tumors with iExo-Myc inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis, suppresses tumor growth, and extends survival. Transcriptional profiling of tumors reveals that the mesenchymal transition and estrogen receptor signaling pathways are impacted by Myc inhibition. Single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) shows that iExo-Myc treatment induces transcriptional repression of multiple growth factor and interleukin signaling pathways, triggering a mesenchymal to proneural transition and shifting the cellular landscape of the tumor. These data confirm that Myc is an effective anti-glioma target and that iExo-Myc offers a feasible, readily translational strategy to inhibit challenging oncogene targets for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Haltom
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wafa E. Hassen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Janine Hensel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jiha Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bingrui Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kathleen M. McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Meagan R. Conner
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michelle L. Kirtley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Olga V. Volpert
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Susan Olalekan
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Natalia Maltsev
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anindita Basu
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Feinberg School of Medicine & Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- James P. Allison Institute at MD Anderson, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
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9
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McAndrews KM, Chen Y, Darpolor JK, Zheng X, Yang S, Carstens JL, Li B, Wang H, Miyake T, de Sampaio PC, Kirtley ML, Natale M, Wu CC, Sugimoto H, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Identification of Functional Heterogeneity of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts with Distinct IL6-Mediated Therapy Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1580-1597. [PMID: 35348629 PMCID: PMC9399904 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) involves a significant accumulation of fibroblasts as part of the host response to cancer. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, multiplex immunostaining, and several genetic mouse models, we identify carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) with opposing functions in PDAC progression. Depletion of fibroblast activation protein (FAP)+ CAFs results in increased survival, in contrast to depletion of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)+ CAFs, which leads to decreased survival. Tumor-promoting FAP+ CAFs (TP-CAF) and tumor-restraining αSMA+ CAFs (TR-CAF) differentially regulate cancer-associated pathways and accumulation of regulatory T cells. Improved efficacy of gemcitabine is observed when IL6 is deleted from αSMA+ CAFs but not from FAP+ CAFs using dual-recombinase genetic PDAC models. Improved gemcitabine efficacy due to lack of IL6 synergizes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy to significantly improve survival of PDAC mice. Our study identifies functional heterogeneity of CAFs in PDAC progression and their different roles in therapy response. SIGNIFICANCE PDAC is associated with accumulation of dense stroma consisting of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix that regulate tumor progression. Here, we identify two distinct populations of fibroblasts with opposing roles in the progression and immune landscape of PDAC. Our findings demonstrate that fibroblasts are functionally diverse with therapeutic implications. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1397.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J. Kebbeh Darpolor
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sujuan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julienne L. Carstens
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingrui Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Toru Miyake
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pedro Correa de Sampaio
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle L. Kirtley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariangela Natale
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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LeBleu VS. Plasticity Enables Cooperation among Heterogeneous Cancer Cell Populations to Support Metastatic Fitness. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1870-1871. [PMID: 35570704 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The invasive progression of cancer known as metastasis remains strongly associated with morbidity and lethality. New meaningful therapeutic interventions could be derived from a better understanding of the underlying processes driving cancer cell seeding and proliferation at secondary sites. Emerging findings regarding the heterogeneity of cancer cells observed in metastases have led us to revisit concepts surrounding metastatic fitness. Novel model systems to study the markers of cancer stem cell plasticity and their evolution during metastatic growth have uncovered that dynamic and heterogeneous cancer cell populations are observed during metastatic disease progression. Heinz and colleagues studied the heterogeneity of colorectal carcinomas, where primary tumors evolve alongside an epithelium well characterized for its self-renewing stem cell population. Their work revealed a functional dynamic interplay in the organization of the metastatic lesions as they transition from stagnating to expanding nodules, wherein the heterogeneous mixture of cancer cell stem cells with more differentiated cancer cells is essential for metastatic outgrowth. Their work supports that dynamic YAP signaling enables the growth-permissive heterogeneous composition of the metastatic nodule, in contrast with growth-restricted homogeneous compositions. See related article by Heinz et al., p. 1953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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11
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LeBleu VS, Thiery JP. The Continuing Search for Causality between Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and the Metastatic Fitness of Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1467-1469. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an epithelial plasticity program that is associated with embryonic development and organogenesis, and which resurfaces to a certain extent following epithelial injury caused by inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinoma progression. Carcinoma cell EMT plasticity programs superimposed on inherent genetic defects have been implicated as important for metastatic dissemination and secondary tumor formation. A careful review of data-driven facts suggests that a causal relationship between any degree of EMT program and metastasis continues to be elusive, and the steps of metastasis likely involve other mechanisms influenced by the carcinoma cell genotype and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S. LeBleu
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bioisland, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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12
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McAndrews KM, Miyake T, Ehsanipour EA, Kelly PJ, Becker LM, McGrail DJ, Sugimoto H, LeBleu VS, Ge Y, Kalluri R. Dermal αSMA + myofibroblasts orchestrate skin wound repair via β1 integrin and independent of type I collagen production. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109470. [PMID: 35212000 PMCID: PMC8982612 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound repair is essential for organismal survival and failure of which leads to non-healing wounds, a leading health issue worldwide. However, mechanistic understanding of chronic wounds remains a major challenge due to lack of appropriate genetic mouse models. αSMA+ myofibroblasts, a unique class of dermal fibroblasts, are associated with cutaneous wound healing but their precise function remains unknown. We demonstrate that genetic depletion of αSMA+ myofibroblasts leads to pleiotropic wound healing defects, including lack of reepithelialization and granulation, dampened angiogenesis, and heightened hypoxia, hallmarks of chronic non-healing wounds. Other wound-associated FAP+ and FSP1+ fibroblasts do not exhibit such dominant functions. While type I collagen (COL1) expressing cells play a role in the repair process, COL1 produced by αSMA+ myofibroblasts is surprisingly dispensable for wound repair. In contrast, we show that β1 integrin from αSMA+ myofibroblasts, but not TGFβRII, is essential for wound healing, facilitating contractility, reepithelization, and vascularization. Collectively, our study provides evidence for the functions of myofibroblasts in β1 integrin-mediated wound repair with potential implications for treating chronic non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Toru Miyake
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Ehsan A Ehsanipour
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Patience J Kelly
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Lisa M Becker
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Department of Systems BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA,Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA,Kellogg School of ManagementNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer BiologyMetastasis Research CenterUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA,Department of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTXUSA,Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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13
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Surana R, LeBleu VS, Lee JJ, Smaglo BG, Zhao D, Lee MS, Wolff RA, Overman MJ, Mendt MC, McAndrews KM, Yang S, Rezvani K, Kalluri R, Maitra A, Shpall EJ, Pant S. Phase I study of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes with KRAS G12D siRNA in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer harboring a KRAS G12D mutation. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.tps633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS633 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with few effective therapeutic options. Over 90% of patients with PDAC harbor activating mutations in KRAS, a known oncogenic driver of tumor growth, cancer cell survival and metastasis thus making for an attractive therapeutic target. However, targeting the most common KRAS mutations in pancreatic cancer (KRASG12D and KRASG12V) remains a pharmacological challenge. Exosomes are extracellular nano-vesicles that are efficiently internalized by target cells and are under investigation as a drug-delivery vehicle for various therapeutic payloads, including nucleic acids such as small interfering RNA (siRNA). Previously published pre-clinical data demonstrate effective delivery of exosomes loaded with siRNA targeting KRASG12D leading to tumor control in various murine models of PDAC. Methods: This is a single arm, single institution, phase I trial evaluating treatment with KRASG12D-siRNA loaded exosomes. Large-scale production of KRASG12D-siRNA loaded exosomes from mesenchymal stromal cells will be performed at the MD Anderson Cancer Center using pre-specified GMP-compliant protocols. The primary endpoints of this study are to determine a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of KRASG12D-loaded exosomes and to identify dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). Key secondary endpoints include the pharmacokinetics of circulating exosomes, overall response rate, disease control rate (defined as partial responses and patients with stable disease), median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS). Key inclusion criteria include histologically confirmed metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, documented progression on one or more lines of systemic therapy, and documented presence of a KRASG12D mutation. Selected correlative studies include measurement of circulating siRNA and KRASG12D DNA using PCR. This trial will enroll up to 28 patients and will follow a 3+3 design for dose escalation. This trial is actively accruing and has enrolled six patients at the time of submission. Clinical trial information: NCT03608631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Surana
- Department of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Brandon George Smaglo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael Sangmin Lee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert A. Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Mayela C. Mendt
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kathleen M. McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sujuan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Katy Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shubham Pant
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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14
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El-Shennawy L, Hoffmann AD, Dashzeveg NK, McAndrews KM, Mehl PJ, Cornish D, Yu Z, Tokars VL, Nicolaescu V, Tomatsidou A, Mao C, Felicelli CJ, Tsai CF, Ostiguin C, Jia Y, Li L, Furlong K, Wysocki J, Luo X, Ruivo CF, Batlle D, Hope TJ, Shen Y, Chae YK, Zhang H, LeBleu VS, Shi T, Swaminathan S, Luo Y, Missiakas D, Randall GC, Demonbreun AR, Ison MG, Kalluri R, Fang D, Liu H. Circulating ACE2-expressing extracellular vesicles block broad strains of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:405. [PMID: 35058437 PMCID: PMC8776790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the pandemic of the coronavirus induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) with evolving variants of concern. It remains urgent to identify novel approaches against broad strains of SARS-CoV-2, which infect host cells via the entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Herein, we report an increase in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) that express ACE2 (evACE2) in plasma of COVID-19 patients, which levels are associated with severe pathogenesis. Importantly, evACE2 isolated from human plasma or cells neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 infection by competing with cellular ACE2. Compared to vesicle-free recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2), evACE2 shows a 135-fold higher potency in blocking the binding of the viral spike protein RBD, and a 60- to 80-fold higher efficacy in preventing infections by both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2. Consistently, evACE2 protects the hACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2-induced lung injury and mortality. Furthermore, evACE2 inhibits the infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants (α, β, and δ) with equal or higher potency than for the wildtype strain, supporting a broad-spectrum antiviral mechanism of evACE2 for therapeutic development to block the infection of existing and future coronaviruses that use the ACE2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa El-Shennawy
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Andrew D. Hoffmann
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Nurmaa Khund Dashzeveg
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Kathleen M. McAndrews
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Paul J. Mehl
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Daphne Cornish
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Zihao Yu
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Valerie L. Tokars
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Vlad Nicolaescu
- The University of Chicago Howard T. Ricketts Laboratory and Department of Microbiology, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Anastasia Tomatsidou
- The University of Chicago Howard T. Ricketts Laboratory and Department of Microbiology, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Chengsheng Mao
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Christopher J. Felicelli
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Carolina Ostiguin
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Lin Li
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Kevin Furlong
- The University of Chicago Howard T. Ricketts Laboratory and Department of Microbiology, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Jan Wysocki
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Xin Luo
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Carolina F. Ruivo
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Daniel Batlle
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Yang Shen
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Young Kwang Chae
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA ,grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Tujin Shi
- grid.451303.00000 0001 2218 3491Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Suchitra Swaminathan
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Dominique Missiakas
- The University of Chicago Howard T. Ricketts Laboratory and Department of Microbiology, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Glenn C. Randall
- The University of Chicago Howard T. Ricketts Laboratory and Department of Microbiology, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Alexis R. Demonbreun
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Michael G. Ison
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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15
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Zhou X, Kurywchak P, Wolf-Dennen K, Che SP, Sulakhe D, D’Souza M, Xie B, Maltsev N, Gilliam TC, Wu CC, McAndrews KM, LeBleu VS, McConkey DJ, Volpert OV, Pretzsch SM, Czerniak BA, Dinney CP, Kalluri R. Unique somatic variants in DNA from urine exosomes of individuals with bladder cancer. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 22:360-376. [PMID: 34514028 PMCID: PMC8408559 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC), a heterogeneous disease characterized by high recurrence rates, is diagnosed and monitored by cystoscopy. Accurate clinical staging based on biopsy remains a challenge, and additional, objective diagnostic tools are needed urgently. We used exosomal DNA (exoDNA) as an analyte to examine cancer-associated mutations and compared the diagnostic utility of exoDNA from urine and serum of individuals with BC. In contrast to urine exosomes from healthy individuals, urine exosomes from individuals with BC contained significant amounts of DNA. Whole-exome sequencing of DNA from matched urine and serum exosomes, bladder tumors, and normal tissue (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) identified exonic and 3' UTR variants in frequently mutated genes in BC, detectable in urine exoDNA and matched tumor samples. Further analyses identified somatic variants in driver genes, unique to urine exoDNA, possibly because of the inherent intra-tumoral heterogeneity of BC, which is not fully represented in random small biopsies. Multiple variants were also found in untranslated portions of the genome, such as microRNA (miRNA)-binding regions of the KRAS gene. Gene network analyses revealed that exoDNA is associated with cancer, inflammation, and immunity in BC exosomes. Our findings show utility of exoDNA as an objective, non-invasive strategy to identify novel biomarkers and targets for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunian Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Kurywchak
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kerri Wolf-Dennen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara P.Y. Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dinanath Sulakhe
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark D’Souza
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalia Maltsev
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T. Conrad Gilliam
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen M. McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J. McConkey
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga V. Volpert
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanna M. Pretzsch
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan A. Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Colin P. Dinney
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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McAndrews KM, Xiao F, Chronopoulos A, LeBleu VS, Kugeratski FG, Kalluri R. Exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 for targeting of oncogenic Kras G12D in pancreatic cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/9/e202000875. [PMID: 34282051 PMCID: PMC8321670 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This work identifies the use of exosomes to specifically deliver CRISPR/Cas9 to target oncogenic KrasG12D mutation in pancreatic cancer as a nonviral therapeutic strategy. CRISPR/Cas9 is a promising technology for gene editing. To date, intracellular delivery vehicles for CRISPR/Cas9 are limited by issues of immunogenicity, restricted packaging capacity, and low tolerance. Here, we report an alternative, nonviral delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 based on engineered exosomes. We show that non-autologous exosomes can encapsulate CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid DNA via commonly available transfection reagents and can be delivered to recipient cancer cells to induce targeted gene deletion. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that exosomes loaded with CRISPR/Cas9 can target the mutant KrasG12D oncogenic allele in pancreatic cancer cells to suppress proliferation and inhibit tumor growth in syngeneic subcutaneous and orthotopic models of pancreatic cancer. Exosomes may thus be a promising delivery platform for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonios Chronopoulos
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA .,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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McAndrews KM, Vázquez-Arreguín K, Kwak C, Sugimoto H, Zheng X, Li B, Kirtley ML, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. αSMA + fibroblasts suppress Lgr5 + cancer stem cells and restrain colorectal cancer progression. Oncogene 2021; 40:4440-4452. [PMID: 34108617 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development and progression of solid tumors is dependent on cancer cell autonomous drivers and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the TME possess both tumor-promoting and tumor-restraining functions. In the current study, we interrogated the role of αSMA+ CAFs in a genetic mouse model of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Selective depletion of αSMA+ CAFs resulted in increased tumor invasiveness, lymph node metastasis, and reduced overall survival. Depletion of αSMA+ CAFs reduced BMP4 and increased TGFβ1 secretion from stromal cells, and was associated with increased Lgr5+ cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and the generation of an immunosuppressive TME with increased frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and suppression of CD8+ T cells. This study demonstrates that αSMA+ CAFs in CRC exert tumor-restraining functions via BMP4/TGFβ1 paracrine signaling that serves to suppress Lgr5+ CSCs and promote anti-tumor immunity, ultimately limiting CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McAndrews
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karina Vázquez-Arreguín
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Changsoo Kwak
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingrui Li
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle L Kirtley
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Tang M, Chen Y, Li B, Sugimoto H, Yang S, Yang C, LeBleu VS, McAndrews KM, Kalluri R. Therapeutic targeting of STAT3 with small interference RNAs and antisense oligonucleotides embedded exosomes in liver fibrosis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21557. [PMID: 33855751 PMCID: PMC10851328 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002777rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response that results in excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in response to chronic hepatic injury. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important transcription factor associated with the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Though a promising potential therapeutic target, there are no specific drug candidates for STAT3. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles generated by all cell types with a capacity to efficiently enter cells across different biological barriers. Here, we utilize exosomes as delivery conduit to specifically target STAT3 in liver fibrosis. Exosomes derived from clinical grade fibroblast-like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were engineered to carry siRNA or antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting STAT3 (iExosiRNA-STAT3 or iExomASO-STAT3 ). Compared to scrambled siRNA control, siRNA-STAT3, or ASO-STAT3, iExosiRNA-STAT3 or iExomASO-STAT3 showed enhanced STAT3 targeting efficiency. iExosiRNA-STAT3 or iExomASO-STAT3 treatments suppressed STAT3 levels and ECM deposition in established liver fibrosis in mice, and significantly improved liver function. iExomASO-Stat3 restored liver function more efficiently when compared to iExosiRNA-STAT3 . Our results identify a novel anti-fibrotic approach for direct targeting of STAT3 with exosomes with immediate translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bingrui Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sujuan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Kathleen M. McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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19
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Chen Y, Kim J, Yang S, Wang H, Wu CJ, Sugimoto H, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Type I collagen deletion in αSMA + myofibroblasts augments immune suppression and accelerates progression of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:548-565.e6. [PMID: 33667385 PMCID: PMC8423173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stromal desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) involves significant accumulation of type I collagen (Col1). However, the precise molecular and mechanistic contribution of Col1 in PDAC progression remains unknown. Activated pancreatic stellate cells/αSMA+ myofibroblasts are major contributors of Col1 in the PDAC stroma. We use a dual-recombinase genetic mouse model of spontaneous PDAC to delete Col1 specifically in myofibroblasts. This results in significant reduction of total stromal Col1 content and accelerates the emergence of PanINs and PDAC, decreasing overall survival. Col1 deletion leads to Cxcl5 upregulation in cancer cells via SOX9. Increase in Cxcl5 is associated with recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and suppression of CD8+ T cells, which can be attenuated with combined targeting of CXCR2 and CCR2 to restrain accelerated PDAC progression in the setting of stromal Col1 deletion. Our results unravel the fundamental role of myofibroblast-derived Co1l in regulating tumor immunity and restraining PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jiha Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Sujuan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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20
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McAndrews KM, Dowlatshahi DP, Dai J, Becker LM, Hensel J, Snowden LM, Leveille JM, Brunner MR, Holden KW, Hopkins NS, Harris AM, Kumpati J, Whitt MA, Lee JJ, Ostrosky-Zeichner LL, Papanna R, LeBleu VS, Allison JP, Kalluri R. Heterogeneous antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid with implications for COVID-19 immunity. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142386. [PMID: 32796155 PMCID: PMC7526535 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of potential immunity against the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus that emerged in 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential for health, as well as social and economic recovery. Generation of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 (seroconversion) may inform on acquired immunity from prior exposure, and antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (S-RBD) are speculated to neutralize virus infection. Some serology assays rely solely on SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) as the antibody detection antigen; however, whether such immune responses correlate with S-RBD response and COVID-19 immunity remains unknown. Here, we generated a quantitative serological ELISA using recombinant S-RBD and N-protein for the detection of circulating antibodies in 138 serial serum samples from 30 reverse transcription PCR–confirmed, SARS-CoV-2–hospitalized patients, as well as 464 healthy and non–COVID-19 serum samples that were collected between June 2017 and June 2020. Quantitative detection of IgG antibodies against the 2 different viral proteins showed a moderate correlation. Antibodies against N-protein were detected at a rate of 3.6% in healthy and non–COVID-19 sera collected during the pandemic in 2020, whereas 1.9% of these sera were positive for S-RBD. Approximately 86% of individuals positive for S-RBD–binding antibodies exhibited neutralizing capacity, but only 74% of N-protein–positive individuals exhibited neutralizing capacity. Collectively, our studies show that detection of N-protein–binding antibodies does not always correlate with presence of S-RBD–neutralizing antibodies and caution against the extensive use of N-protein–based serology testing for determination of potential COVID-19 immunity. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein binding antibodies does not always correlate with the presence of spike protein receptor binding domain neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McAndrews
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dara P Dowlatshahi
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianli Dai
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa M Becker
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Janine Hensel
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura M Snowden
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer M Leveille
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael R Brunner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kylie W Holden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nikolas S Hopkins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexandria M Harris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerusha Kumpati
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael A Whitt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ramesha Papanna
- The Fetal Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Metastasis Research Center, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Lovisa S, Fletcher-Sananikone E, Sugimoto H, Hensel J, Lahiri S, Hertig A, Taduri G, Lawson E, Dewar R, Revuelta I, Kato N, Wu CJ, Bassett RL, Putluri N, Zeisberg M, Zeisberg EM, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition compromises vascular integrity to induce Myc-mediated metabolic reprogramming in kidney fibrosis. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/635/eaaz2597. [PMID: 32518142 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a cellular transdifferentiation program in which endothelial cells partially lose their endothelial identity and acquire mesenchymal-like features. Renal capillary endothelial cells can undergo EndMT in association with persistent damage of the renal parenchyma. The functional consequence(s) of EndMT in kidney fibrosis remains unexplored. Here, we studied the effect of Twist or Snail deficiency in endothelial cells on EndMT in kidney fibrosis. Conditional deletion of Twist1 (which encodes Twist) or Snai1 (which encodes Snail) in VE-cadherin+ or Tie1+ endothelial cells inhibited the emergence of EndMT and improved kidney fibrosis in two different kidney injury/fibrosis mouse models. Suppression of EndMT limited peritubular vascular leakage, reduced tissue hypoxia, and preserved tubular epithelial health and function. Hypoxia, which was exacerbated by EndMT, resulted in increased Myc abundance in tubular epithelial cells, enhanced glycolysis, and suppression of fatty acid oxidation. Pharmacological suppression or epithelial-specific genetic ablation of Myc in tubular epithelial cells ameliorated fibrosis and restored renal parenchymal function and metabolic homeostasis. Together, these findings demonstrate a functional role for EndMT in the response to kidney capillary endothelial injury and highlight the contribution of endothelial-epithelial cross-talk in the development of kidney fibrosis with a potential for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lovisa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Eliot Fletcher-Sananikone
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Janine Hensel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Sharmistha Lahiri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Alexandre Hertig
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gangadhar Taduri
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erica Lawson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Rajan Dewar
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noritoshi Kato
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Zeisberg
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA. .,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Becker LM, O'Connell JT, Vo AP, Cain MP, Tampe D, Bizarro L, Sugimoto H, McGow AK, Asara JM, Lovisa S, McAndrews KM, Zielinski R, Lorenzi PL, Zeisberg M, Raza S, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Epigenetic Reprogramming of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Deregulates Glucose Metabolism and Facilitates Progression of Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107701. [PMID: 32492417 PMCID: PMC7339325 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic contributions of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in breast cancer progression remain to be fully understood. While altered glucose metabolism in CAFs could fuel cancer cells, how such metabolic reprogramming emerges and is sustained needs further investigation. Studying fibroblasts isolated from patients with benign breast tissues and breast cancer, in conjunction with multiple animal models, we demonstrate that CAFs exhibit a metabolic shift toward lactate and pyruvate production and fuel biosynthetic pathways of cancer cells. The depletion or suppression of the lactate production of CAFs alter the tumor metabolic profile and impede tumor growth. The glycolytic phenotype of the CAFs is in part sustained through epigenetic reprogramming of HIF-1α and glycolytic enzymes. Hypoxia induces epigenetic reprogramming of normal fibroblasts, resulting in a pro-glycolytic, CAF-like transcriptome. Our findings suggest that the glucose metabolism of CAFs evolves during tumor progression, and their breast cancer-promoting phenotype is partly mediated by oxygen-dependent epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Becker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Joyce T O'Connell
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Annie P Vo
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Margo P Cain
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Desiree Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Lauren Bizarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anna K McGow
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sara Lovisa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Rafal Zielinski
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Sughra Raza
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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23
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LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Exosomes as a Multicomponent Biomarker Platform in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:767-774. [PMID: 32307267 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that is associated with genetic aberrations and subsequent cellular and noncellular host responses. Tumors harbor diverse cell types that engage in a dynamic interplay to sustain cancer-specific signaling networks. A component of such cellular communication is the production and exchange of various types of extracellular vesicle (EV). Exosomes are small EVs with growing recognition for their role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy. The unique biogenesis of exosomes, their ubiquitous production by all cell types, and their biological features in liquid biopsies have generated excitement for their potential as cancer biomarkers. Here, we discuss the challenges and utility of exosomes as multiparameter biomarker platforms for the detection of cancer. Exosomes reflect heterogeneous biological changes associated with growing tumors, potentially offering a more comprehensive assessment of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Darpolor JK, Zheng X, Yang S, McAndrews KM, Carstens JL, Phillips PE, Sugimoto H, De Sampaio PC, Wu CC, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Abstract A108: Identification of distinct fibroblast populations with unique roles in PDAC progression and tumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm19-a108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) involves a significant accumulation of immune cells and fibroblasts. Although carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been associated with immune suppression and immunotherapy resistance in PDAC mouse models, some studies have shown immune-promoting and tumor-suppressing roles of CAFs. The functional diversity of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) remains largely unknown, and identification of immune-regulating subsets would have a substantial impact in augmentation of immunotherapy efficacy. Employing histology, FACs, multiplex immunohistochemistry, single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA-seq), and genetically engineered mouse models, we demonstrate that SMA+ cells are a dominant CAF population in PDAC with tumor-restraining properties (TS-CAFs), as opposed those of the FAP+ CAFs, which demonstrate tumor-promoting activity (TP-CAFs). Analysis of bulk tumor depleted of either TS-CAFs or TP-CAFs showed that TS-CAFs predominantly modulate extracellular matrix (ECM) production, facilitate cell-ECM adhesion, and regulate adaptive immunity, while TP-CAFs exhibit a lineage that is skewed towards a proinflammatory, chemokine-secreting phenotype. Further, scRNA-Seq analyses demonstrate that CAFs share distinct gene expression profiles characteristic of lymphocytic and myeloid lineages. Together our data distinguish two populations of CAFs, one that is tumor suppressing with roles in ECM remodeling and another that is tumor promoting with roles in cytokine production, both with immune-modulating capabilities. Collectively, our study identifies a complex network of functionally heterogeneous fibroblasts during PDAC progression with significant immunotherapeutic implication.
Citation Format: J. Kebbeh Darpolor, Xiaofeng Zheng, Sujuan Yang, Kathleen M. McAndrews, Julienne L. Carstens, Patricia E. Phillips, Hikaru Sugimoto, Pedro Correa De Sampaio, Chia-Chin Wu, Valerie S. LeBleu, Raghu Kalluri. Identification of distinct fibroblast populations with unique roles in PDAC progression and tumor immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A108.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sujuan Yang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chia-Chin Wu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Raghu Kalluri
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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25
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Abstract
The inherent plasticity and resiliency of fibroblasts make this cell type a conventional tool for basic research. But where do they come from, are all fibroblasts the same, and how do they function in disease? The first fibroblast lineages in mammalian development emerge from the ooze of primary mesenchyme during gastrulation. They are cells that efficiently create and negotiate the extracellular matrix of the mesoderm in order to migrate and meet their developmental fate. Mature fibroblasts in epithelial tissues live in the interstitial spaces between basement membranes that spatially delimit complex organ structures. While the function of resident fibroblasts in healthy tissues is largely conjecture, the accumulation of fibroblasts in pathologic lesions offers insight into biologic mechanisms that control their function; fibroblasts are poised to coordinate fibrogenesis in tissue injury, neoplasia, and aging. Here, we examine the developmental origin and plasticity of fibroblasts, their molecular and functional definitions, the epigenetic control underlying their identity and activation, and the evolution of their immune regulatory functions. These topics are reviewed through the lens of fate mapping using genetically engineered mouse models and from the perspective of single-cell RNA sequencing. Recent observations suggest dynamic and heterogeneous functions for fibroblasts that underscore their complex molecular signatures and utility in injured tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric G Neilson
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Abstract
The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- School of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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27
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Helmink BA, Reddy SM, Gao J, Zhang S, Basar R, Thakur R, Yizhak K, Sade-Feldman M, Blando J, Han G, Gopalakrishnan V, Xi Y, Zhao H, Amaria RN, Tawbi HA, Cogdill AP, Liu W, LeBleu VS, Kugeratski FG, Patel S, Davies MA, Hwu P, Lee JE, Gershenwald JE, Lucci A, Arora R, Woodman S, Keung EZ, Gaudreau PO, Reuben A, Spencer CN, Burton EM, Haydu LE, Lazar AJ, Zapassodi R, Hudgens CW, Ledesma DA, Ong S, Bailey M, Warren S, Rao D, Krijgsman O, Rozeman EA, Peeper D, Blank CU, Schumacher TN, Butterfield LH, Zelazowska MA, McBride KM, Kalluri R, Allison J, Petitprez F, Fridman WH, Sautès-Fridman C, Hacohen N, Rezvani K, Sharma P, Tetzlaff MT, Wang L, Wargo JA. B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response. Nature 2020; 577:549-555. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 215.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Carstens JL, Sampaio PCD, Barua S, Wang H, Burks JK, Rao A, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Abstract PR08: Intratumoral T-cell distribution in murine and patient pancreatic cancer correlates with tissue heterogeneity and survival. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.panca19-pr08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The complex microenvironment characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been implicated as a critical mediator of tumor progression and therapeutic response. Spatial relationships of individual cellular and acellular components within tumors may offer novel insights into the dynamic and complex functions of PDAC. Using eight-color multiplex immunohistochemistry and novel spatial analysis algorithms, we report a heterogeneous and increased population of infiltrating T lymphocytes in the tumors compared to uninvolved pancreatic tissues of treatment-naïve PDAC patients. Spatial distribution of cytotoxic T cells in proximity to cancer cells independently correlates with increased overall patient survival. Collagen-I and aSMA-positive fibroblasts do not correlate with a paucity of T-cell accumulation around cancer cells, suggesting that PDAC desmoplasia may not be a simple physical barrier. However, T-cell infiltration was reduced in proximity to specific cancer cell subpopulations, supporting cancer-cell intrinsic mechanisms for immune avoidance. Further expansion of this technology using early and late primary tumors and metastatic tissue of genetically engineered mouse models (KrasLSL-G12D; p53R172H; PDX1-Cre; EYFPLSL) demonstrates similar T-cell heterogeneity and spatial associations. These data support the validity of multiplex and spatial analysis platforms for exploring the structure-function relationships in the PDAC microenvironment and suggest differential spatial relationships between cancer subtypes and the surrounding microenvironment may be a determining factor in PDAC progression.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster A04.
Citation Format: Julienne L. Carstens, Pedro Correa de Sampaio, Soutik Barua, Huamin Wang, Jared K. Burks, Arvind Rao, Valerie S. LeBleu, Raghu Kalluri. Intratumoral T-cell distribution in murine and patient pancreatic cancer correlates with tissue heterogeneity and survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PR08.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huamin Wang
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | - Jared K. Burks
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | | | | | - Raghu Kalluri
- 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
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29
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Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, and DNA repair and acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Latifkar et al. show that SIRT1 controls lysosomal acidification and its loss enhances the secretion of pro-tumorigenic exosomes for breast cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that contain DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes likely participate in facilitating intercellular communication and tumor growth. In this issue of Immunity, Zhang et al. (2019) report on the metabolic activity of B cell-derived exosomes in facilitating the suppression of cytotoxic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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31
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Chen Y, LeBleu VS, Carstens JL, Sugimoto H, Zheng X, Malasi S, Saur D, Kalluri R. Dual reporter genetic mouse models of pancreatic cancer identify an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-independent metastasis program. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201809085. [PMID: 30120146 PMCID: PMC6180301 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a recognized eukaryotic cell differentiation program that is also observed in association with invasive tumors. Partial EMT program in carcinomas imparts cancer cells with mesenchymal‐like features and is proposed as essential for metastasis. Precise determination of the frequency of partial EMT program in cancer cells in tumors and its functional role in metastases needs unraveling. Here, we employed mesenchymal cell reporter mice driven by αSMA‐Cre and Fsp1‐Cre with genetically engineered mice that develop spontaneous pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to monitor partial EMT program. Both αSMA‐ and Fsp1‐Cre‐mediated partial EMT programs were observed in the primary tumors. The established metastases were primarily composed of cancer cells without evidence for a partial EMT program, as assessed by our fate mapping approach. In contrast, metastatic cancer cells exhibiting a partial EMT program were restricted to isolated single cancer cells or micrometastases (3–5 cancer cells). Collectively, our studies identify large metastatic nodules with preserved epithelial phenotype and potentially unravel a novel metastasis program in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julienne L Carstens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shruti Malasi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Medicine II Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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32
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Chen Y, Keskin D, Sugimoto H, Kanasaki K, Phillips PE, Bizarro L, Sharpe A, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Podoplanin+ tumor lymphatics are rate limiting for breast cancer metastasis. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005907. [PMID: 30592710 PMCID: PMC6310240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination employs both the blood and lymphatic vascular systems. Solid tumors dynamically remodel and generate both vessel types during cancer progression. Lymphatic vessel invasion and cancer cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) are prognostic markers for breast cancer metastasis and patient outcome, and tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis likely influences metastasis. Deregulated tumor tissue fluid homeostasis and immune trafficking associated with tumor lymphangiogenesis may contribute to metastatic spreading; however, the precise functional characterization of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in tumors is challenged by the lack of specific reagents to decipher their rate-limiting role in metastasis. Therefore, we generated novel transgenic mice (PDPN promoter-driven Cre recombinase transgene [PDPN-Cre] and PDPN promoter-driven thymidine kinase transgene [PDPN-tk]) that allow for the identification and genetically controlled depletion of proliferating podoplanin (Pdpn)-expressing LECs. We demonstrate that suppression of lymphangiogenesis is successfully achieved in lymphangioma lesions induced in the PDPN-tk mice. In multiple metastatic breast cancer mouse models, we identified distinct roles for LECs in primary and metastatic tumors. Our findings support the functional contribution of primary tumor lymphangiogenesis in controlling metastasis to axillary LNs and lung parenchyma. Reduced lymphatic vessel density enhanced primary tumor lymphedema and increased the frequency of intratumoral macrophages but was not associated with a significant impact on primary tumor growth despite a marked reduction in metastatic dissemination. Our findings identify the rate-limiting contribution of the breast tumor lymphatic vessels for lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Doruk Keskin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Patricia E. Phillips
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lauren Bizarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arlene Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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33
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Parchem JG, Kanasaki K, Kanasaki M, Sugimoto H, Xie L, Hamano Y, Lee SB, Gattone VH, Parry S, Strauss JF, Garovic VD, McElrath TF, Lu KH, Sibai BM, LeBleu VS, Carmeliet P, Kalluri R. Loss of placental growth factor ameliorates maternal hypertension and preeclampsia in mice. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5008-5017. [PMID: 30179860 PMCID: PMC6205389 DOI: 10.1172/jci99026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia remains a clinical challenge due to its poorly understood pathogenesis. A prevailing notion is that increased placental production of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) causes the maternal syndrome by inhibiting proangiogenic placental growth factor (PlGF) and VEGF. However, the significance of PlGF suppression in preeclampsia is uncertain. To test whether preeclampsia results from the imbalance of angiogenic factors reflected by an abnormal sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, we studied PlGF KO (Pgf-/-) mice and noted that the mice did not develop signs or sequelae of preeclampsia despite a marked elevation in circulating sFLT-1. Notably, PlGF KO mice had morphologically distinct placentas, showing an accumulation of junctional zone glycogen. We next considered the role of placental PlGF in an established model of preeclampsia (pregnant catechol-O-methyltransferase-deficient [COMT-deficient] mice) by generating mice with deletions in both the Pgf and Comt genes. Deletion of placental PlGF in the context of COMT loss resulted in a reduction in maternal blood pressure and increased placental glycogen, indicating that loss of PlGF might be protective against the development of preeclampsia. These results identify a role for PlGF in placental development and support a complex model for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia beyond an angiogenic factor imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline G Parchem
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megumi Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuki Hamano
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soo Bong Lee
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vincent H Gattone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Samuel Parry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Baha M Sibai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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34
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Becker LM, LeBleu VS. Endoglin Targeting in Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6110-6111. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Eikesdal HP, Becker LM, Teng Y, Kizu A, Carstens JL, Kanasaki K, Sugimoto H, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. BMP7 Signaling in TGFBR2-Deficient Stromal Cells Provokes Epithelial Carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1568-1578. [PMID: 29934328 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling is a common feature of many epithelial cancers. Deletion of TGFβ receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) in fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP1)-positive stromal cells induces squamous cell carcinoma in the murine forestomach, implicating fibroblast-derived hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as the major driver of the epithelium carcinogenesis. Prior to cancer development, hyperproliferative FSP1+ fibroblasts lacking TGFBR2 accumulate in the forestomach, disrupting the regulatory signaling cross-talk with the forestomach epithelium. Here, concurrent loss in TGFBR2 and SMAD4 completely abrogates the development of forestomach cancer. Bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP7) was highly upregulated in forestomach cancer tissue, activating Smad1/5/8 signaling, cell proliferation, and HGF production in TGFBR2-deficient FSP1+ fibroblasts. This stimulation by BMP7 was lost in the combined TGFBR2 and SMAD4 double knockout fibroblasts, which included a profound decrease in HGF expression. Thus, Smad4-mediated signaling is required to initiate epithelial carcinogenesis subsequent to TGFBR2 deletion in FSP1+ fibroblasts.Implications: These findings reveal a complex cross-talk between epithelial cells and the stroma, wherein Smad4 is required to elicit squamous cell carcinomas in the forestomach of mice with TGFBR2-deficient stromal cells. Mol Cancer Res; 16(10); 1568-78. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Petter Eikesdal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa M Becker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yingqi Teng
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Akane Kizu
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julienne L Carstens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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36
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Mendt M, Kamerkar S, Sugimoto H, McAndrews KM, Wu CC, Gagea M, Yang S, Blanko EVR, Peng Q, Ma X, Marszalek JR, Maitra A, Yee C, Rezvani K, Shpall E, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Generation and testing of clinical-grade exosomes for pancreatic cancer. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99263. [PMID: 29669940 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles produced by all cells with a remarkable ability to efficiently transfer genetic material, including exogenously loaded siRNA, to cancer cells. Here, we report on a bioreactor-based, large-scale production of clinical-grade exosomes employing good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards. A standard operating procedure was established to generate engineered exosomes with the ability to target oncogenic Kras (iExosomes). The clinical-grade GMP iExosomes were tested in multiple in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm suppression of oncogenic Kras and an increase in the survival of several mouse models with pancreatic cancer. We perform studies to determine the shelf life, biodistribution, toxicology profile, and efficacy in combination with chemotherapy to inform future clinical testing of GMP iExosomes. Collectively, this report illustrates the process and feasibility of generating clinical-grade exosomes for various therapies of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayela Mendt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center.,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sujuan Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center
| | | | - Qian Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Center for Co-Clinical Trials and Institute for Applied Cancer Science
| | | | - Anirban Maitra
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, and
| | - Cassian Yee
- Departments of Medical Melanoma and Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center
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37
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Abstract
In malignant tumors, cancer cells adapt to grow within their host tissue. As a cancer progresses, an accompanying host stromal response evolves within and around the nascent tumor. Among the host stromal constituents associated with the tumor are cancer-associated fibroblasts, a highly abundant and heterogeneous population of cells of mesenchymal lineage. Although it is known that fibroblasts are present from the tumor's inception to the end-stage metastatic spread, their precise functional role in cancer is not fully understood. It has been suggested that cancer-associated fibroblasts play a key role in modulating the behavior of cancer cells, in part by promoting tumor growth, but evolving data also argue for their antitumor actions. Taken together, this suggests a putative bimodal function for cancer-associated fibroblasts in oncogenesis. As illustrated in this Review and its accompanying poster, cancer-associated fibroblasts are a dynamic component of the tumor microenvironment that orchestrates the interplay between the cancer cells and the host stromal response. Understanding the complexity of the relationship between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts could offer insights into the regulation of tumor progression and control of cancer. Summary: Cancer-associated fibroblasts constitute a functionally heterogeneous mesenchymal cell population in the tumor microenvironment. This ‘At a glance’ article reviews their origin and their pro- and antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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38
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Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that small vesicles released from cells (extracellular vesicles [EVs]) represent a heterogeneous population implicated in cell-to-cell communication. The classifications and nomenclature of EVs are evolving as enrichment strategies and specific characteristics are being unraveled. At present, physical properties of EVs-namely, size, shape, and density-are often used to identify subpopulations of EVs. A distinct group of EVs, termed exosomes, largely defined by their small size (∼40-150 nm) and proposed subcellular origin, has been extensively studied in several aspects of cancer biology. Exosomes are implicated in modulating behavior of cancer cells as well as the immune and angiogenic responses in tumors, possibly contributing to cancer progression locally and systemically. Most intriguingly, the nucleic acid content of exosomes has been proposed to play a role in oncogenic transformation and transfer of cancer-specific genome to promote cancer pathogenesis. Here, we specifically focus on the discovery of exosomal DNA, studies related to the origin of genomic DNA in exosomes, and its utility in cancer diagnosis and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77005
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39
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Yang S, Che SPY, Kurywchak P, Tavormina JL, Gansmo LB, Correa de Sampaio P, Tachezy M, Bockhorn M, Gebauer F, Haltom AR, Melo SA, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Detection of mutant KRAS and TP53 DNA in circulating exosomes from healthy individuals and patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:158-165. [PMID: 28121262 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1281499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer presents with a dismal mortality rate and is in urgent need of methods for early detection with potential for timely intervention. All living cells, including cancer cells, generate exosomes. We previously discovered double stranded genomic DNA in exosomes derived from the circulation of pancreatic cancer patients, which enabled the detection of prevalent mutations associated with the disease. Here, we report a proof-of-concept study that demonstrates the potential clinical utility of circulating exosomal DNA for identification of KRASG12D and TP53R273H mutations in patients with pancreas-associated pathologies, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), chronic pancreatitis (CP) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), and in healthy human subjects. In 48 clinically annotated serum samples from PDAC patients, digital PCR analyses of exosomal DNA identified KRASG12D mutation in 39.6% of cases, and TP53R273H mutation in 4.2% of cases. KRASG12D and TP53R273H mutations were also detected in exosomal DNA from IPMN patients (2 out of 7 with KRASG12D, one of which also co-presented with TP53R273H mutation). Circulating exosomal DNA in 5 out of 9 CP patients enabled the detection of KRASG12D mutation. In 114 healthy subject-derived circulating exosomal DNA, 2.6% presented with KRASG12D mutation and none with TP53R273H mutation. This study highlights the value of circulating exosomal DNA for a rapid, low-cost identification of cancer driving mutations. The identification of mutations in IPMN patients and healthy subjects suggests that liquid biopsies may allow potential assessment of cancer risk but with a cautionary note that detection of clinical cancer cannot be assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Yang
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Sara P Y Che
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Paul Kurywchak
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Jena L Tavormina
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Liv B Gansmo
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Pedro Correa de Sampaio
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Michael Tachezy
- b Department of General , Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center of Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- b Department of General , Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center of Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Florian Gebauer
- b Department of General , Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center of Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Amanda R Haltom
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Sonia A Melo
- c Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal (I3S).,d Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Porto , Portugal
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- a Department of Cancer Biology , Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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40
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Kim J, de Sampaio PC, Lundy DM, Peng Q, Evans KW, Sugimoto H, Gagea M, Kienast Y, Amaral NSD, Rocha RM, Eikesdal HP, Lønning PE, Meric-Bernstam F, LeBleu VS. Heterogeneous perivascular cell coverage affects breast cancer metastasis and response to chemotherapy. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e90733. [PMID: 28018977 PMCID: PMC5161212 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and co-optive vascular remodeling are prerequisites of solid tumor growth. Vascular heterogeneity, notably perivascular composition, may play a critical role in determining the rate of cancer progression. The contribution of vascular pericyte heterogeneity to cancer progression and therapy response is unknown. Here, we show that angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) orchestrates pericyte heterogeneity in breast cancer with an effect on metastatic disease and response to chemotherapy. Using multispectral imaging of human breast tumor specimens, we report that perivascular composition, as defined by the ratio of PDGFRβ- and desmin+ pericytes, provides information about the response to epirubicin but not paclitaxel. Using 17 distinct patient-derived breast cancer xenografts, we demonstrate a cancer cell-derived influence on stromal Ang2 production and a cancer cell-defined control over tumor vasculature and perivascular heterogeneity. The aggressive features of tumors and their distinct response to therapies may thus emerge by the cancer cell-defined engagement of distinct and heterogeneous angiogenic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kurt W Evans
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, and
| | | | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yvonne Kienast
- Discovery Oncology, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rafael Malagoli Rocha
- Molecular Gynecology Laboratory, Gynecology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hans Petter Eikesdal
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Eystein Lønning
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, and.,Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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41
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Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are present in every tissue of the human body. All epithelium and endothelium is in direct association with BMs. BMs are a composite of several large glycoproteins and form an organized scaffold to provide structural support to the tissue and also offer functional input to modulate cellular function. While collagen I is the most abundant protein in the human body, type IV collagen is the most abundant protein in BMs. Matrigel is commonly used as surrogate for BMs in many experiments, but this is a tumor-derived BM–like material and does not contain all of the components that natural BMs possess. The structure of BMs and their functional role in tissues are unique and unlike any other class of proteins in the human body. Increasing evidence suggests that BMs are unique signal input devices that likely fine tune cellular function. Additionally, the resulting endothelial and epithelial heterogeneity in human body is a direct contribution of cell-matrix interaction facilitated by the diverse compositions of BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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42
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Laklai H, Miroshnikova YA, Pickup MW, Collisson EA, Kim GE, Barrett AS, Hill RC, Lakins JN, Schlaepfer DD, Mouw JK, LeBleu VS, Roy N, Novitskiy SV, Johansen JS, Poli V, Kalluri R, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Wood LD, Hebrok M, Hansen K, Moses HL, Weaver VM. Genotype tunes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue tension to induce matricellular fibrosis and tumor progression. Nat Med 2016; 22:497-505. [PMID: 27089513 PMCID: PMC4860133 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis compromises pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) treatment and contributes to patient mortality, yet antistromal therapies are controversial. We found that human PDACs with impaired epithelial transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling have high epithelial STAT3 activity and develop stiff, matricellular-enriched fibrosis associated with high epithelial tension and shorter patient survival. In several KRAS-driven mouse models, both the loss of TGF-β signaling and elevated β1-integrin mechanosignaling engaged a positive feedback loop whereby STAT3 signaling promotes tumor progression by increasing matricellular fibrosis and tissue tension. In contrast, epithelial STAT3 ablation attenuated tumor progression by reducing the stromal stiffening and epithelial contractility induced by loss of TGF-β signaling. In PDAC patient biopsies, higher matricellular protein and activated STAT3 were associated with SMAD4 mutation and shorter survival. The findings implicate epithelial tension and matricellular fibrosis in the aggressiveness of SMAD4 mutant pancreatic tumors and highlight STAT3 and mechanics as key drivers of this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Laklai
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yekaterina A. Miroshnikova
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W. Pickup
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric A. Collisson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Grace E. Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex S. Barrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ryan C. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johnathon N. Lakins
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David D. Schlaepfer
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Janna K. Mouw
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valerie S. LeBleu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston–Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nilotpal Roy
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Sergey V. Novitskiy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia S. Johansen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston–Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology, David Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura D. Wood
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kirk Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Harold L. Moses
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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43
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, heterogeneous, and dominant component of solid tumors. Cancer imaging strategies of a subset of characteristics of the TME are under active development, and currently used modalities and novel approaches are summarized in this article. Understanding the dynamic and evolving functions of the TME is critical to accurately inform imaging and clinical care of cancer. Novel insights into distinct roles of the TME in cancer progression urge careful interpretation of imaging data and impel the development of novel modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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44
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LeBleu VS, Özdemir BC, Pentcheva-Hoang T, Carstens JL, Zheng X, Wu CC, Simpson T, Laklai H, Sugimoto H, Kahlert C, Novitskiy SV, Acosta AD, Sharma P, Heidari P, Mahmood U, Chin L, Moses H, Weaver V, Maitra A, Allison JP, Kalluri R. Abstract IA15: Functional diversity of the pancreas tumor stroma. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.fbcr15-ia15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is composed of functionally diverse cellular components embedded in a complex and dynamic fibrotic matrix. In this context, the marked accumulation of stromal myofibroblasts has long been associated with pro-tumorigenic functions, by enhancing tumor cell growth, and limiting immune infiltration and chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Testing of some of these concepts in the clinical care of PDAC patients was however met with paradoxical results. Precise functional auditing of the stromal fibroblasts using genetic targeting in genetically engineered mouse models of PDAC depicted a more complex picture, wherein myofibroblast emerged in this context as tumor-limiting stromal cells. Depletion of the stromal fibroblasts in the early and late stages of PDAC in mice led to more invasive tumors with a negative impact on overall survival, and failed to improve response to Gemcitabine therapy. While our result indicated that suppression of the desmoplastic reaction was associated with decreased tumor angiogenesis, increased intratumoral hypoxia, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells with heightened tumorigenicity, our study also informed on the immunomodulatory functions of myofibroblasts in murine PDAC. Depletion of myofibroblasts supported an enhanced response to anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockade therapy with prolonged survival of mice.
Citation Format: Valerie S. LeBleu, Berna C. Özdemir, Tsvetelina Pentcheva-Hoang, Julienne L. Carstens, Xiaofeng Zheng, Chin-Chia Wu, Tyler Simpson, Hanane Laklai, Hikaru Sugimoto, Christoph Kahlert, Sergey V. Novitskiy, Ana DeJesus Acosta, Padmanee Sharma, Pedram Heidari, Umar Mahmood, Lynda Chin, Harold Moses, Valerie Weaver, Anirban Maitra, James P. Allison and Raghu Kalluri. Functional diversity of the pancreas tumor stroma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA15.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chin-Chia Wu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tyler Simpson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hanane Laklai
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Padmanee Sharma
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Pedram Heidari
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Umar Mahmood
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lynda Chin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Harold Moses
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Valerie Weaver
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anirban Maitra
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Raghu Kalluri
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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45
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Özdemir BC, Pentcheva-Hoang T, Carstens JL, Zheng X, Wu CC, Simpson TR, Laklai H, Sugimoto H, Kahlert C, Novitskiy SV, De Jesus-Acosta A, Sharma P, Heidari P, Mahmood U, Chin L, Moses HL, Weaver VM, Maitra A, Allison JP, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Depletion of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts and Fibrosis Induces Immunosuppression and Accelerates Pancreas Cancer with Reduced Survival. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:831-833. [PMID: 28843279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Zheng X, Carstens JL, Kim J, Scheible M, Kaye J, Sugimoto H, Wu CC, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is dispensable for metastasis but induces chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Nature 2015; 527:525-530. [PMID: 26560028 PMCID: PMC4849281 DOI: 10.1038/nature16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1539] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Julienne L Carstens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiha Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew Scheible
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Judith Kaye
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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47
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Lovisa S, LeBleu VS, Tampe B, Sugimoto H, Vadnagara K, Carstens JL, Wu CC, Hagos Y, Burckhardt BC, Pentcheva-Hoang T, Nischal H, Allison JP, Zeisberg M, Kalluri R. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition induces cell cycle arrest and parenchymal damage in renal fibrosis. Nat Med 2015; 21:998-1009. [PMID: 26236991 PMCID: PMC4587560 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is marked by an epithelial–to–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Here we find that during renal fibrosis TECs acquire a partial EMT program during which they remain associated with their basement membrane and express markers of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells. The functional consequence of EMT program during fibrotic injury is an arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and lower expression of several transporters in TECs. We also found that transgenic expression of Twist or Snai1 expression is sufficient to promote prolonged TGF-β1–induced G2 arrest of TECs, limiting their potential for repair and regeneration. Also, in mouse models of experimentally-induced renal fibrosis, conditional deletion of Twist1 or Snai1 in proximal TECs resulted in inhibition of the EMT program and the maintenance of TEC integrity, while restoring proliferation, de–differentiation–associated repair and regeneration of the kidney parenchyma and attenuating interstitial fibrosis. Thus, inhibition of EMT program in TECs during chronic renal injury represents a potential anti–fibrosis therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lovisa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Björn Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Komal Vadnagara
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Julienne L Carstens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yohannes Hagos
- Institute of Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgitta C Burckhardt
- Institute of Systemic Physiology and Pathophysiology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Hersharan Nischal
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James P Allison
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Melo SA, Luecke LB, Kahlert C, Fernandez AF, Gammon ST, Kaye J, LeBleu VS, Mittendorf EA, Weitz J, Rahbari N, Reissfelder C, Pilarsky C, Fraga MF, Piwnica-Worms D, Kalluri R. Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and detects early pancreatic cancer. Nature 2015; 523:177-82. [PMID: 26106858 DOI: 10.1038/nature14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1948] [Impact Index Per Article: 216.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid-bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles that contain proteins and nucleic acids. They are secreted by all cells and circulate in the blood. Specific detection and isolation of cancer-cell-derived exosomes in the circulation is currently lacking. Using mass spectrometry analyses, we identify a cell surface proteoglycan, glypican-1 (GPC1), specifically enriched on cancer-cell-derived exosomes. GPC1(+) circulating exosomes (crExos) were monitored and isolated using flow cytometry from the serum of patients and mice with cancer. GPC1(+) crExos were detected in the serum of patients with pancreatic cancer with absolute specificity and sensitivity, distinguishing healthy subjects and patients with a benign pancreatic disease from patients with early- and late-stage pancreatic cancer. Levels of GPC1(+) crExos correlate with tumour burden and the survival of pre- and post-surgical patients. GPC1(+) crExos from patients and from mice with spontaneous pancreatic tumours carry specific KRAS mutations, and reliably detect pancreatic intraepithelial lesions in mice despite negative signals by magnetic resonance imaging. GPC1(+) crExos may serve as a potential non-invasive diagnostic and screening tool to detect early stages of pancreatic cancer to facilitate possible curative surgical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Melo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Linda B Luecke
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Agustin F Fernandez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Seth T Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Judith Kaye
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mittendorf
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Juergen Weitz
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nuh Rahbari
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario F Fraga
- 1] Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), HUCA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain [2] Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, USA
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Keskin D, Kim J, Cooke VG, Wu CC, Sugimoto H, Gu C, De Palma M, Kalluri R, LeBleu VS. Targeting vascular pericytes in hypoxic tumors increases lung metastasis via angiopoietin-2. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1066-81. [PMID: 25704811 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies to target angiogenesis include inhibition of the vessel-stabilizing properties of vascular pericytes. Pericyte depletion in early-stage non-hypoxic tumors suppressed nascent angiogenesis, tumor growth, and lung metastasis. In contrast, pericyte depletion in advanced-stage hypoxic tumors with pre-established vasculature resulted in enhanced intra-tumoral hypoxia, decreased tumor growth, and increased lung metastasis. Furthermore, depletion of pericytes in post-natal retinal blood vessels resulted in abnormal and leaky vasculature. Tumor transcriptome profiling and biological validation revealed that angiopoietin signaling is a key regulatory pathway associated with pericyte targeting. Indeed, pericyte targeting in established mouse tumors increased angiopoietin-2 (ANG2/Angpt2) expression. Depletion of pericytes, coupled with targeting of ANG2 signaling, restored vascular stability in multiple model systems and decreased tumor growth and metastasis. Importantly, ANGPT2 expression correlated with poor outcome in patients with breast cancer. These results emphasize the potential utility of therapeutic regimens that target pericytes and ANG2 signaling in metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doruk Keskin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiha Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vesselina G Cooke
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chia-Chin Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chenghua Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- The Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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LeBleu VS, O'Connell JT, Herrera KNG, Wikman H, Pantel K, Haigis MC, de Carvalho FM, Damascena A, Chinen LTD, Rocha RM, Asara JM, Kalluri R. Erratum: Corrigendum: PGC-1α mediates mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells to promote metastasis. Nat Cell Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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