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Allen O, Coombes BJ, Pazdernik V, Gisabella B, Hartley J, Biernacka JM, Frye MA, Markota M, Pantazopoulos H. Differential Serum Levels of CACNA1C, Circadian Rhythm and Stress Response Molecules in Subjects with Bipolar Disorder: Associations with Genetic and Clinical Factors. medRxiv 2024:2024.04.11.24305678. [PMID: 38645236 PMCID: PMC11030295 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.11.24305678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Many patients with bipolar disorder (BD) do not respond to or have difficulties tolerating lithium and/or other mood stabilizing agents. There is a need for personalized treatments based on biomarkers in guiding treatment options. The calcium voltage-gated channel CACNA1C is a promising candidate for developing personalized treatments. CACNA1C is implicated in BD by genome-wide association studies and several lines of evidence suggest that targeting L-type calcium channels could be an effective treatment strategy. However, before such individualized treatments can be pursued, biomarkers predicting treatment response need to be developed. Methods As a first step in testing the hypothesis that CACNA1C genotype is associated with serum levels of CACNA1C, we conducted ELISA measures on serum samples from 100 subjects with BD and 100 control subjects. Results We observed significantly higher CACNA1C (p<0.01) protein levels in subjects with BD. The risk SNP (rs11062170) showed functional significance as subjects homozygous for the risk allele (CC) had significantly greater CACNA1C protein levels compared to subjects with one (p=0.013) or no copies (p=0.009). We observed higher somatostatin (SST) (p<0.003) protein levels and lower levels of the clock protein ARTNL (p<0.03) and stress signaling factor corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) (p<0.001) in BD. SST and PER2 protein levels were associated with both alcohol dependence and lithium response. Conclusions Our findings represent the first evidence for increased serum levels of CACNA1C in BD. Along with altered levels of SST, ARNTL, and CRH our findings suggest CACNA1C is associated with circadian rhythm and stress response disturbances in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obie Allen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Brandon J. Coombes
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Barbara Gisabella
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joshua Hartley
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joanna M. Biernacka
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matej Markota
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harry Pantazopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Patarroyo-Rodriguez L, Pazdernik V, Vande Voort JL, Kung S, Singh B. Hypersomnia as a predictor of response to intravenous ketamine/intranasal esketamine in treatment resistant depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:272-276. [PMID: 38199421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in depressive episodes and are linked to higher mood severity and suicidal behaviors. Slow wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep are compromised in depression. Current evidence suggests that rapid antidepressant effects of intravenous (IV) ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is mediated by its effects on SWS and REM sleep. Sleep phenotypes may help predict ketamine response. METHOD In this observational study, we investigated differences in rates of response among sleep phenotypes defined by QIDS-SR in a cohort of patients with TRD (n = 52) treated with IV ketamine or intranasal (IN) esketamine. Also, we explored a neurovegetative symptoms of atypical depression (NVSAD) phenotype and its association between response and change in QIDS-SR following the treatment with IV ketamine/IN esketamine. RESULTS 94 % of patients reported sleep difficulties and 62 % reported more than one sleep phenotype with middle and early insomnia being the most prevalent. Individuals with baseline hypersomnia showed higher response rates and more pronounced improvements on their QIDS-SR score. Additionally, 15 % of patients presented with NVSAD phenotype; the majority of whom achieved response and had higher reductions on QIDS-SR. A trend towards faster response was identified for hypersomnia and atypical depression phenotypes. LIMITATIONS Observational study design and lack of a placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that patients with TRD who have baseline hypersomnia and atypical depression features experienced a more substantial reduction in depressive symptoms and are more likely to achieve response with ketamine/esketamine. This could serve as a future predictor for clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Vande Voort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Simon Kung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Balwinder Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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Sharma P, Kamath C, Brockman TA, Roche A, Sinicrope P, Jiang R, Decker PA, Pazdernik V, Patten C. Demographics and Social Factors Associated With Persistent Nonuse of Video Appointments at a Multisite Health Care Institution: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50572. [PMID: 38265855 PMCID: PMC10851122 DOI: 10.2196/50572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 outbreak, video appointments became a popular method for health care delivery, particularly in the early stages of the pandemic. Although Mayo Clinic aimed to reduce face-to-face (F2F) appointments to prevent the spread of the virus, some patients continued seeing their health care providers in person. In the later stages of the pandemic, many patients became comfortable with video appointments, even if they were initially hesitant. However, a subset of patients continued to avoid video appointments. It is not yet clear what sociodemographic factors may be associated with this group of patients. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to examine demographic and social determinant of health (SDoH) factors associated with persistent nonusers of video appointments among a sample of patients within a multistate health care organization. We also explored patient beliefs about the use of video for health care appointments. METHODS We conducted a 1-time cross-sectional paper survey, mailed between July and December 2022, of patients matching the eligibility criteria: (1) aged ≥18 years as of April 2020, (2) Mayo Clinic Midwest, Florida, or Arizona patient, (3) did not use video appointment services during April-December 2020 but attended F2F appointments in the departments of primary care and psychiatry/psychology. The survey asked patients, "Have you ever had a video appointment with a healthcare provider?" "Yes" respondents were defined as "users" (adapted to video appointments), and "no" respondents were defined as "persistent nonusers" of video appointments. We analyzed demographics, SDoH, and patient beliefs toward video appointments in 2 groups: persistent nonusers of video appointments and users. We used chi-square and 2-tailed t tests for analysis. RESULTS Our findings indicate that patients who were older, lived in rural areas, sought care at Mayo Clinic Midwest, and did not have access to the patient portal system were likely to be persistent nonusers of video appointments. Only 1 SDoH factor (not having a disability, handicap, or chronic disease) was associated with persistent nonuse of video appointments. Persistent nonusers of video appointments held personal beliefs such as discomfort with video communication, difficulty interpreting nonverbal cues, and personal preference for F2F appointments over video. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified demographic (older age and rural residence), sociodemographic factors (not having a disability, handicap, or chronic disease), and personal beliefs associated with patients' decisions to choose between video versus F2F appointments for health care delivery. Health care institutions should assess patients' negative attitudes toward technology prior to introducing them to digital health care services. Failing to do so may result in its restricted usage, negative patient experience, and wasted resources. For patients who hold negative beliefs about technology but are willing to learn, a "digital health coordinator" could be assigned to assist with various digital health solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Sharma
- Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI, United States
| | - Celia Kamath
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tabetha A Brockman
- Health Equity and Community Engagement Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Anne Roche
- Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Pamela Sinicrope
- Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ruoxiang Jiang
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul A Decker
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christi Patten
- Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Gao YN, Coombes B, Ryu E, Pazdernik V, Jenkins G, Pendegraft R, Biernacka J, Olfson M. Phenotypic distinctions in depression and anxiety: a comparative analysis of comorbid and isolated cases. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7766-7774. [PMID: 37403468 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are frequently comorbid yet phenotypically distinct. This study identifies differences in the clinically observable phenome across a wide variety of physical and mental disorders comparing patients with diagnoses of depression without anxiety, anxiety without depression, or both depression and anxiety. METHODS Using electronic health records for 14 994 participants with depression and/or anxiety in the Mayo Clinic Biobank, a phenotype-based phenome-wide association study (Phe2WAS) was performed to test for differences between these groups across a broad range of clinical diagnoses observed in the electronic health record. Additional analyses were performed to determine the temporal sequencing of diagnoses. RESULTS Compared to patients diagnosed only with anxiety, those diagnosed only with depression were more likely to have diagnoses of obesity (OR 1.75; p = 1 × 10-27), sleep apnea (OR 1.71; p = 1 × 10-22), and type II diabetes (OR 1.74; p = 9 × 10-18). Compared to those diagnosed only with depression, those diagnosed only with anxiety were more likely to have diagnoses of palpitations (OR 1.91; p = 2 × 10-25), benign skin neoplasms (OR 1.61; p = 2 × 10-17), and cardiac dysrhythmias (OR 1.45; p = 2 × 10-12). Patients with comorbid depression and anxiety were more likely to have diagnoses of other mental health disorders, substance use disorders, sleep problems, and gastroesophageal reflux relative to isolated depression. CONCLUSIONS While depression and anxiety are closely related, this study suggests that phenotypic distinctions exist between depression and anxiety. Improving phenotypic characterization within the broad categories of depression and anxiety could improve the clinical assessment of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nina Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Brandon Coombes
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory Jenkins
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard Pendegraft
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark Olfson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
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Toikumo S, Jennings MV, Pham BK, Lee H, Mallard TT, Bianchi SB, Meredith JJ, Vilar-Ribó L, Xu H, Hatoum AS, Johnson EC, Pazdernik V, Jinwala Z, Pakala SR, Leger BS, Niarchou M, Ehinmowo M, Jenkins GD, Batzler A, Pendegraft R, Palmer AA, Zhou H, Biernacka JM, Coombes BJ, Gelernter J, Xu K, Hancock DB, Cox NJ, Smoller JW, Davis LK, Justice AC, Kranzler HR, Kember RL, Sanchez-Roige S. Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of tobacco use disorder prioritizes novel candidate risk genes and reveals associations with numerous health outcomes. medRxiv 2023:2023.03.27.23287713. [PMID: 37034728 PMCID: PMC10081388 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.23287713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use disorder (TUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder in the world. Genetic factors influence smoking behaviors, and although strides have been made using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify risk variants, the majority of variants identified have been for nicotine consumption, rather than TUD. We leveraged five biobanks to perform a multi-ancestral meta-analysis of TUD (derived via electronic health records, EHR) in 898,680 individuals (739,895 European, 114,420 African American, 44,365 Latin American). We identified 88 independent risk loci; integration with functional genomic tools uncovered 461 potential risk genes, primarily expressed in the brain. TUD was genetically correlated with smoking and psychiatric traits from traditionally ascertained cohorts, externalizing behaviors in children, and hundreds of medical outcomes, including HIV infection, heart disease, and pain. This work furthers our biological understanding of TUD and establishes EHR as a source of phenotypic information for studying the genetics of TUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanus Toikumo
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariela V Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin K Pham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis T Mallard
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sevim B Bianchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John J Meredith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zeal Jinwala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shreya R Pakala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brittany S Leger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Niarchou
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Greg D Jenkins
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard Pendegraft
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brandon J Coombes
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Holland AL, Sharma P, Kurani S, Pazdernik V, Patten C, Kremers HM, Croarkin P, Kamath C, Glasgow A, Sangaralingham L, Geske J, Prasad K, St Sauver J. Longitudinal factors associated with increased alcohol consumption in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2023; 49:481-490. [PMID: 36880708 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2176236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Alcohol is the most abused substance among adults in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted patterns of alcohol use, but data are conflicting, and previous studies are largely limited to cross-sectional analyses.Objective: This study aimed to longitudinally assess sociodemographic and psychological correlates of changes in three patterns of alcohol use (number of alcoholic drinks, drinking regularity, and binge drinking) during COVID-19.Methods: We studied changes in self-reported drinking behaviors in 222,195 Mayo Clinic patients over 21 years of age (58.1% female and 41.9% male) between April 1, 2019, and March 30, 2021. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between patient characteristics and change in alcohol consumption.Results: Sociodemographically younger age, White race, having a college degree, and living in a rural area were associated with increased alcohol use regularity (all p < .05). Younger age, male, White, high-school education or less, living in a more deprived neighborhood, smoking, and living in a rural area were associated with increases in number of alcohol drinks (all p ≤ .04) and binge drinking (all p ≤ .01). Increased anxiety scores were associated with increased number of drinks, while depression severity was associated with both increased drinking regularity and increased number of drinks (all p ≤ .02) independent of sociodemographic characteristics.Conclusion: Our study showed that both sociodemographic and psychological characteristics were associated with increased alcohol consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study highlights specific target groups previously not described in the literature for alcohol interventions based on sociodemographic and psychological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Holland
- Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Behavioral Health Research Program Psychiatry and Psychology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shaheen Kurani
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christi Patten
- Mayo Clinic, Behavioral Health Research Program Psychiatry and Psychology, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Paul Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Celia Kamath
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amy Glasgow
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Jennifer Geske
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kavita Prasad
- Department of Primary Care, Zumbro Valley Health Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer St Sauver
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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7
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Sharma P, Nguyen QA, Kurani S, Holland A, Maradit Kremers H, Pazdernik V, St. Sauver J, Croarkin P, Kamath C, Geske J, Prasad K, Glasgow A, Sangaralingham L, Patten C. Association of socio-demographic characteristics with alcohol use initiation among never users during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:442-449. [PMID: 36194073 PMCID: PMC9619617 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this longitudinal cohort study, we examined the socio-demographic and psychological predictors of alcohol use initiation during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of never alcohol users aged ≥21 prior to COVID-19. METHODS Our study population consisted of 56 930 patients aged ≥21, as of 30 March 2019 were collected from a pre-COVID period of 1 year before 31 March 2020, and during-COVID, a period between 1 April 2020 and 30 March 2021. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to examine the roles of socio-demographic variables (gender, age, education, Area Deprivation Index and rural residence) changes in anxiety and depression severity as predictors of alcohol use initiation. RESULTS Age, gender, race, ethnicity, education and rural status were significant predictors in multivariable analysis. A subgroup analysis showed neither anxiety nor depression had a significant association with alcohol use initiation. CONCLUSION Women, younger individuals, those living in a rural area and people who smoke cigarettes were more likely to initiate alcohol use during the pandemic. Our study has public health and clinical implications such as the need for targeted alcohol use screening and intervention for vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Sharma
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA
| | - Quang Anh Nguyen
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Luther College, Decorah, IA 52101, USA
| | - Shaheen Kurani
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Ashley Holland
- Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA
| | | | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 22902, USA
| | - Jennifer St. Sauver
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 22902, USA
| | - Paul Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Celia Kamath
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 22902, USA
| | - Jennifer Geske
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 22902, USA
| | - Kavita Prasad
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zumbro Valley Health Center, Rochester, MN, 55904, USA
| | - Amy Glasgow
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Lindsey Sangaralingham
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Christi Patten
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Kolla BP, Winham SJ, Ho AMC, Mansukhani MP, Loukianova LL, Pazdernik V, Karpyak VM. The Interaction Between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Alcohol Consumption, Sleep Disturbance and Sex-Hormones in Alcohol Use Disorders. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:209-215. [PMID: 36719088 PMCID: PMC10008104 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels may be associated with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and alcohol consumption, correlate with sleep disturbance and be influenced by sex differences and sex hormones. These associations have not been examined in a single sample accounting for all these factors. METHODS Data from 190 participants (29.4% female) with AUD were utilized. Sleep quality, craving intensity, depression, anxiety and alcohol consumption were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Timeline Follow Back for 90 days(TLFB 90). Inventory of Drug Taking Situations (IDTS) assessed the tendency to drink in positive/negative emotional states. Serum BDNF (sBDNF) and plasma sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, FSH and SHBG) were measured. Pearson correlation analyses were used to examine the association between sBDNF and these measures in the entire sample and in men and women separately. Higher order interaction effects between these factors were evaluated for their association with sBDNF using a backward selection model. RESULTS No significant correlations between sBDNF levels and sex hormones, PSQI, PHQ-9, PACS, IDTS scores and alcohol consumption were found (all P-values > 0.05). sBDNF levels were negatively correlated with GAD-7 scores in men (r = -0.1841; P = 0.03). When considering all quadratic and two-way interactions among PSQI, PHQ-9, GAD-7, mean and max drinks/day, number of drinking days, heavy drinking days, and sex no higher order moderating effects of sBDNF levels were found. CONCLUSION Our study revealed no significant associations between sBDNF and alcohol measures, sleep, depression and sex hormones suggesting limited utility as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Prakash Kolla
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ada Man-Choi Ho
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Day PL, Wermers M, Pazdernik V, Jannetto PJ, Bornhorst JA. Detection of Cadmium and Lead in Kidney Stones. Associations with Patient Demographics, Stone Composition, and Smoking. J Appl Lab Med 2023; 8:330-340. [PMID: 36575923 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney stones are a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Additionally, both environmental and occupational exposure to Pb and Cd continue to be prevalent globally and can result in renal toxicity. The objective of this study was to examine the potential presence of Pb and Cd in kidney stones, and to assess for correlation with demographic factors including smoking, gender, age, and kidney stone matrix composition. METHODS Patient kidney stones (n = 96) were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to identify the stone constituents. Cd and Pb concentrations (µg/g) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cd and Pb concentrations were correlated using bivariable and multivariable statistical analysis with demographic factors (age, gender, smoking status), and kidney stone composition. RESULTS Kidney stone Cd (median 0.092 µg/g, range 0.014 to 2.46) and Pb concentrations (median 0.95 µg/g, range 0.060 to 15.4) were moderately correlated (r = 0.56, P < 0.0001). Cd concentrations were positively associated with patient history of smoking, patient age, and calcium oxalate monohydrate levels while negatively associated with struvite and uric acid/uric acid dihydrate. Pb concentrations were positively associated with females and apatite levels while negatively associated with uric acid/uric acid dihydrate. After holding constant other stone type composition levels, smoking status, and age, both Pb and Cd were positively associated with apatite and negatively associated with uric acid/uric acid dihydrate, struvite, and calcium carbonate. CONCLUSIONS Cd and Pb kidney stone concentrations are associated with specific kidney stone types. Cd and Pb kidney stone concentrations are both associated with smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Day
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle Wermers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul J Jannetto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joshua A Bornhorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Milius C, Jepson L, Maclaskey D, Pazdernik V, Kondrashova T. Development of Hands-On Skills in Diagnostics of Lung Diseases Using Ultrasonography in Undergraduate Medical Education. Mo Med 2023; 120:128-133. [PMID: 37091935 PMCID: PMC10121122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated advanced pulmonary ultrasonography training for COVID-19 lung examination. Students completed identical pretests and post-tests and a survey. Changes were found for individual questions and overall scores (all P≤.02), specifically image identification, previous material, and COVID-19 questions. Students were receptive to the training for education and future practice (P<.001), and they felt capable using ultrasound for diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients. Pulmonary ultrasonography training should be considered for the medical school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Milius
- Medical students at the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Logan Jepson
- Medical students at the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Drew Maclaskey
- Medical students at the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Formerly senior biostatistician in the Department of Research Support, A.T. Still University, now with Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tatyana Kondrashova
- Clinical Imaging Coordinator and Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine, and Community Health, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
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11
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Singh B, Kung S, Pazdernik V, Schak KM, Geske J, Schulte PJ, Frye MA, Vande Voort JL. Comparative Effectiveness of Intravenous Ketamine and Intranasal Esketamine in Clinical Practice Among Patients With Treatment-Refractory Depression: An Observational Study. J Clin Psychiatry 2023; 84. [PMID: 36724113 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.22m14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Ketamine has been redeveloped as a rapid-acting antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). There is a paucity of literature comparing subanesthetic intravenous (IV) ketamine and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved intranasal (IN) esketamine for TRD in real-world clinical settings. We compared the efficacy and time to achieve remission/response with repeated ketamine and esketamine. Methods: An observational study of adults with TRD received up to 6 IV ketamine (0.5 mg/kg over 40 minutes) or up to 8 IN esketamine (56- or 84-mg) treatments from August 17, 2017, to June 24, 2021. Depressive symptoms were measured utilizing the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology self-report (QIDS-SR) before and 24 hours after treatment. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate associations between time to response ( ≥ 50% change in QIDS-SR score) and remission (QIDS-SR score ≤ 5). Results: Sixty-two adults (median age = 50 years, 65% female) received IV ketamine (76%, n = 47) or IN esketamine (24%, n = 15). Neither baseline-to-endpoint change in QIDS-SR score nor response/remission rates were significantly different between groups. Time to remission, defined as number of treatments (adjusting for age, body mass index [BMI], sex, and baseline QIDS-SR score), was faster for IV versus IN treatment (HR = 5.0, P = .02). Conclusions: Intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine showed similar rates of response and remission in TRD patients, but the number of treatments required to achieve remission was significantly lower with IV ketamine compared to IN esketamine. These findings need to be investigated in a randomized control trial comparing these two treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwinder Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.,Corresponding author: Balwinder Singh, MD, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Simon Kung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kathryn M Schak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer Geske
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Phillip J Schulte
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer L Vande Voort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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12
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Willrich MAV, Murray DL, Rajkumar SV, Bryant SC, Larson D, Pazdernik V, Snyder MR, Kyle RA, Dispenzieri A. Comparison of two free light chain assays: performance of the involved free light chain ratio and implications for diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:127. [PMID: 36055996 PMCID: PMC9440004 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - David L Murray
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | | | - Sandra C Bryant
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Dirk Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Melissa R Snyder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Robert A Kyle
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US
| | - Angela Dispenzieri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US. .,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, US.
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13
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Day PL, Wermers M, Pazdernik V, Bornhorst J, Jannetto PJ. Assessment of gadolinium and iodine concentrations in kidney stones and correlation with contrast agent exposure, stone matrix composition, and patient demographic factors. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127022. [PMID: 35751946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and Iodinated contrast media are widely utilized to increase medical imaging sensitivity. With predominant renal elimination, the potential for the incorporation of contrast agent derived gadolinium and iodine into kidney stones remains largely uncharacterized. The study objective was to measure gadolinium and iodine concentrations within kidney stones. Observed elemental concentrations were correlated with prior contrast agent administration, kidney stone composition, age, gender, and smoking status. METHODS Kidney stones from 96 patients were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to determine stone composition. Residual kidney stone material was digested and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to determine gadolinium and iodine concentrations. Univariable and multivariable lognormal linear regression were performed to study the relationship between kidney stone element concentrations and contrast agent administration, kidney stone composition, age, gender, and smoking status. RESULTS Median iodine and gadolinium stone concentrations were 6.4 (range 0.6-3997) and 0.1 (range ≤0.013-113.5) µg/g respectively. Elevated gadolinium was strongly associated with GBCA history with a hazard rate of 2.20 (95 % CI 1.14-3.25 P < 0.001). Gadolinium was positively associated with smoking, as well as stones comprised of apatite and calcium oxalate. Iodine concentrations were negatively associated with uric acid stones. CONCLUSION Gadolinium, but not iodine, concentrations in kidney stones was strongly correlated with contrast exposure history. Stone matrix composition and demographic factors, particularly smoking, can influence observed kidney stone elemental concentrations. Additional studies are needed to determine if exposure to gadolinium and iodine promote the formation of stone matrix and/or reflect exposure history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Day
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN USA.
| | - Michelle Wermers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN USA
| | - Joshua Bornhorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN USA
| | - Paul J Jannetto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN USA
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14
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Sharma P, Kamath C, Kurani S, Pazdernik V, Kremers HM, St Sauver J, Croarkin P, Geske J, Prasad K, Patten C, Holland A. Longitudinal Correlates of Increased Alcohol Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:648-655. [PMID: 35511126 PMCID: PMC9383764 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study is to longitudinally assess sociodemographic and psychological correlates of increased alcohol use during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) period among adolescents and young adults. METHODS Pre-COVID period is defined as the 1-year period on or before 31 March 2020, and during-COVID period is defined as the period from 1st April 2020 to 30 March 2021. Univariable logistic regression models are used to evaluate the association of demographic characteristics, Area Deprivation Index (ADI), rurality, changes in Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale severity, and the risk of increased alcohol consumption (binge drinking, number of drinks and drinking regularity) from pre-COVID to during-COVID period. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our study found that worsened anxiety symptoms, older age, being in college and current cigarette smoking status were associated with increased alcohol use among youth during the pandemic year. Socioeconomic position (measured by ADI) and rural status were not found to be associated with increased alcohol use among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Sharma
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, 1221 Whipple St., Eau Claire, WI, 54703, USA
| | - Celia Kamath
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Knowledge and Evaluation Research (KER) Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Shaheen Kurani
- Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Hilal Maradit Kremers
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Jennifer St Sauver
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Paul Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Jennifer Geske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Kavita Prasad
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Zumbro Valley Health Center, 343 Woodlake Dr, Rochester, MN 55904, USA
| | - Christi Patten
- Behavioral Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA
| | - Ashely Holland
- Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, 1221 Whipple St., Eau Claire, WI, 54703, USA
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15
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Singh B, Port JD, Pazdernik V, Coombes BJ, Vande Voort JL, Frye MA. Racemic ketamine treatment attenuates anterior cingulate cortex GABA deficits among remitters in treatment-resistant depression: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 320:111432. [PMID: 34973601 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balwinder Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA.
| | - John D Port
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brandon J Coombes
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer L Vande Voort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905 USA
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16
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Glaser K, Pazdernik V, Sackett D, Sheridan V. Effect of a required online graded curriculum in the clerkship years on medical student national standardized examination performance. J Osteopath Med 2021; 121:673-685. [PMID: 34090320 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2020-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many medical schools have a distributed model for clinical clerkship education, challenging our ability to determine student gaps during clinical education. With the graduating class of 2017, A.T. Still University's School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (ATSU-SOMA) began requiring additional online curricula for all clerkship courses. OBJECTIVES To determine whether third year and fourth year students receiving ATSU-SOMA's online curricula during core clerkships performed better overall on national standardized examinations than students from previous years who had not received the curricula, and whether scores from online coursework correlated with outcomes on standardized examinations as possible early predictors of success. METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed existing data (demographics and assessments) from ATSU-SOMA classes of 2017-2020 (curriculum group) and 2014-2016 (precurriculum group). The effect of the curriculum on national standardized examinations (Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Achievement Test [COMAT] and Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States [COMLEX-USA]) was estimated using augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW). Correlations between assignment scores and national standardized examinations were estimated using linear regression models. RESULTS The curriculum group had 405 students with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 25.7 (±3.1) years. Two hundred and fifteen (53.1%) students in the curriculum group were female and 190 (46.9%) were male. The precurriculum group had 308 students (mean ± SD age, 26.4 ± 4.2 years; 157 [51.0%] male; 151 [49.0%] female). The online curriculum group had higher COMAT clinical subject exam scores in obstetrics and gynecology, osteopathic principles and practice (OPP), psychiatry, and surgery (all p≤0.04), as well as higher COMLEX-USA Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation (CE) family medicine and OPP subscores (both p≤0.03). The curriculum group had a 9.4 point increase in mean total COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE score (p=0.08). No effect was found for the curriculum overall on COMAT mean or COMLEX-USA Level 2-Performance Evaluation scores (all p≥0.11). Total coursework scores in each core clerkship, excluding pediatrics, were correlated with COMAT mean score (all adjusted p≤0.03). Mean scores for five of the seven assignment types in core clerkships, excluding evidence based medicine types, were positively correlated with COMAT mean scores (all adjusted p≤0.049). All assignment types correlated with COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE total score (all adjusted p≤0.04), except interprofessional education (IPE). CONCLUSIONS Results from this study of 713 students from ATSU-SOMA suggested that our online curriculum supplemented clinic based learning during clerkship courses and improved student outcomes on national standardized examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Glaser
- Department of Clinical Science Education, A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Research Support, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Denise Sackett
- Department of Clinical Science Education, A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Valerie Sheridan
- Department of Clinical Education, A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mesa, AZ, USA
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17
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Myers DM, Emery JS, Pazdernik V, Marberry K. Association of arm pain with overhead throwing and upper extremity range of motion, strength, and throwing velocity in collegiate baseball players. Sport Sci Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Roberts B, Makar AE, Canaan R, Pazdernik V, Kondrashova T. Effect of occipitoatlantal decompression on cerebral blood flow dynamics as evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. J Osteopath Med 2021; 121:171-179. [PMID: 33567080 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2020-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Context Osteopathic manipulative treatment reduces symptoms in patients with headache disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Objective To evaluate blood flow in the intracranial and extracranial vasculature before and after occipitoatlantal decompression (OAD) using Doppler ultrasonography. Methods Healthy, first-year osteopathic medical students from A.T. Still University's Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine participated in a randomized, single-blinded, two-period, two-treatment crossover study. The participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment interventions: OAD or sham touch. After one week, participants returned to have the other intervention performed. Blood flow parameters-peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV)-in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), and vertebral artery (VA) were evaluated before, immediately after, 5 minutes after, and 10 minutes after treatment. Differences in PSV, EDV, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) for both interventions were analyzed for the four time points using mixed-effects models. Results Thirty healthy medical students (11 men, 19 women; mean age, 24 years) participated in this study. EDV increased after OAD in the MCA, ICA, and VA (all p<0.001); no change occurred after sham touch (all p>0.05). EDV was greater for all post-treatment timepoints after OAD in the MCA, ICA, and VA than after sham touch (all p<0.001). Although baseline PSV in the MCA measured before treatment was different between treatment interventions (p=0.01), no difference was found between interventions at any post-treatment time point (all p>0.59). Changes in PSV in the ICA and VA and for HR and BP did not depend on treatment intervention (p>0.06). Conclusion Increases in EDV occurred in major cranial arteries after OAD but not after sham touch, indicating that OAD improves blood flow to the brain. The exact mechanism of this increase is unknown; however, it can be explained by either parasympathetic stimulation through the secretion of vasodilating neurotransmitters or by a decrease in external tissue pressure on ICA and VA, with the resulting flow causing further dilation in the MCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Roberts
- Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine , A.T. Still University , Kirksville , MO , USA
| | - Andrew E Makar
- Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine , A.T. Still University , Kirksville , MO , USA
| | - Ryan Canaan
- Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine , A.T. Still University , Kirksville , MO , USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Research Support , A.T. Still University , Kirksville , MO , USA
| | - Tatyana Kondrashova
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine, and Community Health , A.T. Still University , Kirksville , MO , USA
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19
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Kondrashova T, Canaan R, Gunn B, Pazdernik V, Houser JJ. Development of Competency in Needle-Guided Procedures Through the Use of Soft-Embalmed Cadavers. Mo Med 2020; 117:461-468. [PMID: 33311756 PMCID: PMC7723151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated soft-embalmed human cadavers for ultrasound needle-guidance training. Second-year medical students used peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line and central line models and a Thiel-embalmed cadaver for training and provided feedback. Most (85%) agreed the cadaver was useful. There were positive correlations between performing the PICC line (r=0.44, P=.11) and central line (r=0.63, P=.03) procedures on a cadaver and in a clinical setting. Thiel-embalmed cadavers may provide important hands-on training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kondrashova
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine, and Community Health, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Ryan Canaan
- Osteopathic Medical Students III, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Brady Gunn
- Osteopathic Medical Students III, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Research Support, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Jeremy J Houser
- Anatomy Department, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
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20
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Batten S, Pazdernik V, Schneider R, Kondrashova T. Interprofessional Approach to Learning Vascular Access with Ultrasonography by Medical Students and Nurses. Mo Med 2020; 117:450-456. [PMID: 33311754 PMCID: PMC7723131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated an interprofessional approach involving medical students and nurses for learning vascular access with ultrasonography. Vascular access laboratories included needle-guidance training and provided an efficient way to master technically difficult venipuncture cases. Most agreed ultrasound technology was useful for these venipuncture cases. Participants felt prepared to perform venipuncture using ultrasonography in a clinical setting after training. Such laboratories should be considered for interprofessional learning of difficult procedures in the medical school curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Batten
- Osteopathic Medical Student IV, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Senior Biostatistician, Department of Research Support, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Robert Schneider
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine, and Community Health, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Tatyana Kondrashova
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine, and Community Health, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, Missouri
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21
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Hussain MM, Solomon IE, Pazdernik V, Bandarpalle S, Navarro I, Shneyder T, LeBeau L. Relationship Between Elevated Automatic Blood Pressure Readings and Manual Blood Pressure Readings in Adult Patients With Normal and High Body Mass Index. J Osteopath Med 2020; 119:364-370. [PMID: 31135864 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Context Discrepancies in ambulatory blood mercury sphygmomanometers pressure readings exist between automated blood pressure machines and manual mercury sphygmomanometers. For patients with elevated blood pressure, consistent blood pressure readings between these methods are important across all body mass index (BMI) levels. Objective To determine the relationship between automated and manual blood pressure readings and the effect of BMI in patients with an elevated automated blood pressure reading. Methods Automated and manual blood pressure readings (using the same arm) were collected from July 2014 to December 2016 across community-oriented primary care clinics in New York City for a retrospective medical record review. Automated systolic blood pressure (SBP) readings greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings greater than 90 mm Hg were qualifying criteria for a manual blood pressure assessment. The difference in automated blood pressure readings relative to a manual blood pressure reading was assessed overall and for any relationship with BMI using linear regression and analysis of variance. Results Data from 281 patients (166 [59%] women, 115 [41%] men; mean [SD] age of 57 [12.6] years) were assessed. For SBP, automated readings had an overall mean that was 8.0% greater than manual readings (P<.001). This relative difference decreased linearly by 2.7 points (95% CI, 1.0-4.4) for each 10-unit increase in BMI (P=.002). For DBP, automated readings had an overall mean that was 4.5% greater than manual readings (P<.001). This relative difference followed a quadratic relationship with BMI (P=.01), where the downward curve peaked at 6.6% (95% CI, 4.5-8.7) for a BMI of 35. When BMI was grouped into 4 categories, (normal weight, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese), morbidly obese patients had a smaller mean percentage SBP difference (4.3% [95% CI, 1.5-7.1]) compared with the other 3 categories (8.6% [95% CI, 7.2-9.9], P=.007). No relative differences between automated and manual methods for DBP were found among the BMI categories (P=.11). Conclusions The current study found significant differences between automated and manual blood pressure readings. The relationship of these differences with BMI was also statistically significant, but their clinical significance remains inconclusive. Because manual blood pressure readings may have clinical value when evaluating or treating a patient with elevated blood pressure, better adherence to proper technique may improve accuracy.
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Canaan R, Cross E, Pazdernik V, Batten S, Kondrashova T. Enhancing Vascular Access Training with Ultrasonography. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.09357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kondrashova T, Makar M, Proctor C, Bridgmon KA, Pazdernik V. Dynamic assessment of cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure during inversion table tilt using ultrasonography. J Neurol Sci 2019; 404:150-156. [PMID: 31398694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inversion tables are used as treatment for back pain, but there is a lack of agreement on systemic effects of inversion. OBJECTIVE To assess intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow using ultrasonography during inversion table tilt. METHODS Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), heart rate (HR), blood pressure, internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow of participants were measured in 3 positions: supine before inversion, during inversion with head down, and supine post-inversion. ONSD was evaluated with ocular ultrasonography and blood flow (ICA and MCA) with Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS The ONSD changed significantly between the supine position, at 3 min of inversion, and after returning to supine position (all P < .001). The post-inversion HR was less than pre-inversion (P = .03) and 3-min inversion HR (P = .003). There were significant changes in ICA and MCA flow caused by inversion, which affected blood flow velocity, resistance, and pulsatility index (all P ≤ .005). CONCLUSION Inversion caused significant changes in ICP and blood flow. Thus, increased chance of complications may exist when using inversion as a therapeutic tool or during surgical procedures in patients with previous history of elevated ICP. These results demonstrate that inversion therapy should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kondrashova
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine, and Community Health, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
| | - Monica Makar
- Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
| | - Carlie Proctor
- Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
| | - Kenneth A Bridgmon
- Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Research Support, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson St., Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hintz
- AnatomyA.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMO
| | - Daniel Brannen
- AnatomyA.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMO
| | - Kyle Oney
- AnatomyA.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMO
| | - Andrew Helman
- AnatomyA.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMO
| | | | - Jeremy Houser
- AnatomyA.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMO
| | - Peter Kondrashov
- AnatomyA.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMO
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25
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Allen D, Hines EW, Pazdernik V, Konecny LT, Breitenbach E. Four-year review of presenteeism data among employees of a large United States health care system: a retrospective prevalence study. Hum Resour Health 2018; 16:59. [PMID: 30413168 PMCID: PMC6234777 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-018-0321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, in an effort to evaluate and manage the rising cost of healthcare employers assess the direct cost burden via medical health claims and measures that yield clear data. Health related indirect costs are harder to measure and are often left out of the comprehensive overview of health expenses to an employer. Presenteeism, which is commonly referred to as an employee at work who has impaired productivity due to health considerations, has been identified as an indirect but relevant factor influencing productivity and human capitol. The current study evaluated presenteeism among employees of a large United States health care system that operates in six locations over a four-year period and estimated loss productivity due to poor health and its potential economic burden. METHODS The Health-Related Productivity Loss Instrument (HPLI) was included as part of an online Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) administered to employees of a large United States health care system across six locations. A total of 58 299 HRAs from 22 893 employees were completed and analyzed; 7959 employees completed the HRA each year for 4 years. The prevalence of 22 specific health conditions and their effects on productivity areas (quantity of work, quality of work, work not done, and concentration) were measured. The estimated daily productivity loss per person, annual cost per person, and annual company costs were calculated for each condition by fitting marginal models using generalized estimating equations. Intra-participant agreement in reported productivity loss across time was evaluated using κ statistics for each condition. RESULTS The health conditions rated highest in prevalence were allergies and hypertension (high blood pressure). The conditions with the highest estimated daily productivity loss and annual cost per person were chronic back pain, mental illness, general anxiety, migraines or severe headaches, neck pain, and depression. Allergies and migraines or severe headaches had the highest estimated annual company cost. Most health conditions had at least fair intra-participant agreement (κ ≥ 0.40) on reported daily productivity loss. CONCLUSIONS Results from the current study suggested a variety of health conditions contributed to daily productivity loss and resulted in additional annual estimated costs for the health care system. To improve the productivity and well-being of their workforce, employers should consider presenteeism data when planning comprehensive wellness initiatives to curb productivity loss and increase employee health and well-being during working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Allen
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO USA
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Health SciencesCapella University, Kirksville, USA
| | - Erica Wandtke Hines
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO USA
| | | | | | - Erin Breitenbach
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO USA
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Crutchfield P, Pazdernik V, Hansen G, Malone J, Wagenknecht M. Being Hungry Affects Oral Size Perception. Iperception 2018; 9:2041669518777513. [PMID: 29854379 PMCID: PMC5968662 DOI: 10.1177/2041669518777513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral size perception is not veridical, and there is disagreement on whether this nonveridicality tends to underestimate or overestimate size. Further, being hungry has been shown to affect oral size perception. In this study, we investigated the effect of hunger on oral size perception. Overall, being hungry had a small but significant effect on oral size perception and seemed to support that oral size perception tends to underestimate the size of objects. Both hungry and sated participants tended to underestimate the size of intraoral objects, but hungry participants underestimated to a significantly lesser degree. Unlike previous research, this tendency was independent of the order and number of assessments of size. We, therefore, offer a novel explanation for these findings: Oral size perception is modulated by a hierarchy of Bayesian predictions, and being hungry changes the priors in these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker Crutchfield
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D., School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA; Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Research Support, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Gina Hansen
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Jacob Malone
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Molly Wagenknecht
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA
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Snider EJ, Pamperin K, Pazdernik V, Degenhardt BF. Influence of Transverse Process Landmark Localization on Palpation Accuracy of Lumbar Spine Models. J Osteopath Med 2018; 118:151-158. [PMID: 29480915 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2018.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Context Accurate determination of transverse process displacement in the horizontal plane requires accurate transverse process landmark localization followed by accurate discrimination of asymmetry by the examiner's palpating digits. Objective To determine whether the accurate localization of transverse process landmarks influences overall accuracy of asymmetry determination in third-year osteopathic medical students evaluating covered lumbar spine models. Methods A class of third-year osteopathic medical students was split into 2 groups and asked to determine whether the right transverse processes of covered lumbar spine models were anterior or posterior relative to the left transverse process. The marked model group (group A) was provided covered models with black dots on the fabric covers over the transverse process landmarks, while the covered models given to the students in the unmarked model group (group B) had no markings. Both groups were asked to assess asymmetry differences from L1 to L5 on 2 models. Landmarks were randomized for asymmetry (ranging from 2 mm to 6 mm) and direction (anterior or posterior on the right side). The number of correct responses was modeled as a binomial random variable in a generalized linear model to compare the effects of marked vs unmarked models on accuracy of palpation. The predicted probability of correctly determining the direction of the asymmetry and 95% CIs were calculated. Results The probability of correctly identifying the direction of asymmetry was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87-0.91) for group A and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.71-0.78) for group B, a 15 percentage point difference (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3; P<.001). Assuming accurate perception of digit asymmetry and accurate localization of landmarks are independent and correct answers are given only if both events occur, then students were more likely to accurately perceive digit asymmetry (0.89) than accurately localize landmarks (0.83=0.74/0.89). Overall, more students accurately identified the direction of asymmetry when the right transverse process was anterior (0.87; 95% CI, 0.84-0.90) than when it was posterior (0.81; 95% CI, 0.77-0.84) (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1; P=.001). Conclusions Student palpation accuracy was better when transverse process landmark localization was provided on the lumbar spine models than when it was not. Students were more likely to accurately perceive digit asymmetry than accurately localize the landmarks. Improving palpation accuracy requires developing educational methods to improve both accurate landmark localization and accurate digit asymmetry perception.
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Hassan SS, Razzaque A, Ahmad Z, Pazdernik V, Amin SN. Does posttreatment thymoquinone reverse high-dose atorvastatin-induced hepatic oxidative injury in rats? Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:51-59. [PMID: 28968507 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATO) was commonly used to lower blood cholesterol, but it caused harmful effects to organs, including the liver. Thymoquinone (TQ), a prominent constituent of Nigella sativa, has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity. The current study investigated the mechanism of ATO-induced hepatotoxicity, whether posttreatment TQ could reverse ATO-induced hepatic injury, and the mechanism of action of TQ as a hepatoprotective agent. Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: control, TQ-treated, ATO-treated, and combined ATO/TQ-treated. Rats were treated for 8 weeks and 10 days and euthanized by cervical dislocation 3 days after the last treatment. Blood samples and livers were tested for liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis markers and used for histopathological and ultrastructural examination. The ATO-treated group showed an increase in liver enzymes, decreases in reduced glutathione and catalase, and increases in the malondialdehyde lipid peroxidation marker, protein carbonylation, and caspase 3 activity. Posttreatment TQ in the ATO/TQ-treated group seemed to reverse these changes. Histopathological and ultrastructural examination supported these data. Results from the current study suggested that posttreatment TQ may reverse oxidative stress injury in rat liver produced by ATO, suggesting a potential clinical application of using TQ to prevent ATO-induced hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Sabry Hassan
- a Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA.,b Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, El-Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmer Razzaque
- c Department of Anatomy, A.T. Still University-Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- d Department of Biochemistry, A.T. Still University-Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- e Department of Research Support, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
| | - Shaimaa Nasr Amin
- f Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, El-Manial, Cairo, Egypt
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Tomlin K, Bambulas T, Sutton M, Pazdernik V, Coonrod DV. Motivational Interviewing to Promote Long-Acting Reversible Contraception in Postpartum Teenagers. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2017; 30:383-388. [PMID: 27871919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine if teenage patients receiving prenatal care in an adolescent-focused clinic, emphasizing long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) using motivational interviewing techniques, had higher rates of uptake of postpartum LARC than a control group. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective cohort study comparing young women who received prenatal care in an adolescent-focused setting with those enrolled in standard prenatal care. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 years receiving prenatal care within the Maricopa Integrated Health safety-net system between 2007 and 2014. INTERVENTIONS Motivational interviewing within the context of adolescent-focused prenatal care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of uptake of LARC within 13 postpartum weeks. RESULTS The adjusted rate of LARC for adolescent-focused prenatal care participants by 13 weeks postpartum was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%-47%) compared with 18% (95% CI, 11%-28%) for standard care participants, with an adjusted odds ratio of LARC use of 2.8 (95% CI, 1.5-5.2). Among patients who received adolescent-focused prenatal care, most (27% vs 12.7%) were using an intrauterine device as opposed to an implantable contraceptive device. CONCLUSION Participation in an adolescent-focused antepartum setting using motivational interviewing to emphasize postpartum LARC resulted in nearly 3 times higher rates of uptake compared with standard prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristl Tomlin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Maricopa Integrated Health System, Phoenix, Arizona.
| | - Tammalynn Bambulas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Maricopa Integrated Health System, Phoenix, Arizona; District Medical Group, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Maureen Sutton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Maricopa Integrated Health System, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Department of Research Support, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona
| | - Dean V Coonrod
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Maricopa Integrated Health System, Phoenix, Arizona; District Medical Group, Phoenix, Arizona; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
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Crutchfield P, Mahoney C, Pazdernik V, Rivera C. Cross-modal influence on oral size perception. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 61:89-97. [PMID: 26547021 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests people experience an oral size illusion and commonly perceive oral size inaccurately; however, the nature of the illusion remains unclear. The objectives of the present study were to confirm the presence of an oral size illusion, determine the magnitude (amount) and direction (underestimation or overestimation) of the illusion, and determine whether immediately prior cross-modal perceptual experiences affected the magnitude and direction. DESIGN Participants (N=27) orally assessed 9 sizes of stainless steel spheres (1/16 in to 1/2 in) categorized as small, medium, or big, and matched them with digital and visual reference sets. Each participant completed 20 matching tasks in 3 assessments. For control assessments, 6 oral spheres were matched with reference sets of same-sized spheres. For primer-control assessments, similar to control, 6 matching tasks were preceded by cross-modal experiences of the same-sized sphere. For experimental assessments, 8 matching tasks were preceded by a cross-modal experience of a differently sized sphere. RESULTS For control assessments, small and medium spheres were consistently underestimated, and big spheres were consistently overestimated. For experimental assessments, magnitude and direction of the oral size illusion varied according to the size of the sphere used in the cross-modal experience. CONCLUSION Results seemed to confirm an oral size illusion, but direction of the illusion depended on the size of the object. Immediately prior cross-modal experiences influenced magnitude and direction of the illusion, suggesting that aspects of oral perceptual experience are dependent upon factors outside of oral perceptual anatomy and the properties of the oral stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker Crutchfield
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, 800 West Jefferson St., Kirksville, Missouri 63501, USA.
| | - Connor Mahoney
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, 800 West Jefferson St., Kirksville, Missouri 63501, USA.
| | - Vanessa Pazdernik
- Research Support, A.T. Still University, 5835 E. Still Circle Dr., Mesa, Arizona 85206, USA.
| | - Cesar Rivera
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University, 800 West Jefferson St., Kirksville, Missouri 63501, USA.
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