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Dukes CW, Rossetti RAM, Hensel JA, Snedal S, Cubitt CL, Schell MJ, Abrahamsen M, Isaacs-Soriano K, Kennedy K, Mangual LN, Whiting J, Martinez-Brockhus V, Islam JY, Rathwell J, Beatty M, Hall AM, Abate-Daga D, Giuliano AR, Pilon-Thomas S. SARS-CoV-2 antibody response duration and neutralization following natural infection. J Clin Virol Plus 2023; 3:100158. [PMID: 37654784 PMCID: PMC10470471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2023.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody response from natural infection and vaccination, and the potential determinants of this response are poorly understood. Characterizing this antibody response and the factors associated with neutralization can help inform future prevention efforts and improve clinical outcomes in those infected. Objectives The goals of this study were to prospectively evaluate SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and the neutralizing antibody responses among naturally infected adults and to determine demographic and behavioral factors independently associated with these responses. Methods Serum was collected from seropositive individuals at baseline, four-weeks, and three-months following their first study visit to be evaluated for antibody levels. Detection of neutralizing antibodies was performed at baseline. Participant demographic and behavioral information was collected via web questionnaire prior to their first visit. Results At baseline, higher antibody levels were associated with better neutralization capacity, with 83% of participants having detectable neutralizing antibodies. We found an age-dependent effect on antibody level and neutralization capacity with participants over 65 years having significantly higher levels. Ethnicity, heart disease, autoimmune disease, and COVID symptoms were associated with higher antibody levels, but not with increased neutralization capacity. Work environment during the pandemic correlated with increased neutralization capacity, while kidney or liver disease and traveling out of state after February 2020 correlated with decreased neutralization capacity, however neither correlated with antibody levels. Conclusions Our data show that natural infection by SARS-CoV-2 can induce a humoral response reflected by high antibody levels and neutralization capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Dukes
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Renata AM Rossetti
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A Hensel
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Snedal
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Christopher L Cubitt
- Immune Monitoring Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Michael J Schell
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Martha Abrahamsen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Isaacs-Soriano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Kayoko Kennedy
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Leslie N Mangual
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Junmin Whiting
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Veronica Martinez-Brockhus
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Jessica Y Islam
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Julie Rathwell
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Matthew Beatty
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Amy M Hall
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
| | - Daniel Abate-Daga
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States of America
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States of America
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Alkhouli M, Martinez-Brockhus V, Beatty MS, Gillies RJ, Pilon-Thomas S, Chahoud J. Abstract 575: Ex vivo expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of expanding tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from surgically resected renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors. Tumors were collected from 43 patients undergoing surgery to remove primary kidney tumors. Tumor types included clear cell RCC (86.0%), papillary RCC (11.6%) as well as chromophobe RCC (2.3%). Tumors were minced into fragments, placed in individual wells of a 24-well plate containing media with high dose IL-2 (6000 IU/mL), and cultured for four weeks. Successful expansion was considered when at least one fragment expanded to a minimum of 2 wells. Successfully expanded TIL were then evaluated for T-cell phenotypes as well as reactivity to the autologous tumor. Of all RCC tumors collected, TIL were successfully grown for 79% of the samples (34/43). The T-cell phenotype of these TIL was highly variable across samples, although there was a higher percentage of CD4+ T-cells relative to CD8+ T-cells. The reactivity of expanded TIL was then assessed by IFNγ release. We found that TIL secreted IFNγ in response to autologous tumor in 71% of the samples. Together, these results demonstrated the feasibility of expanding functional tumor reactive TIL from RCC. Given that hypoxia plays an important role in the development of RCC tumors and is associated with poor prognosis, we then evaluated the ability to expand TIL under hypoxic conditions. To this end, primary TIL were cultured at various O2 levels (20% O2, 5% O2 or 1% O2) and the cell yield as well as the T-cell memory phenotypes were evaluated. We found that the yield of TIL grown in hypoxic conditions was lower when compared to normoxic conditions (20% O2), suggesting a reduction of TIL proliferation in hypoxia. TIL grown in hypoxic conditions displayed increased percentage of central memory T-cells compared to TIL cultured at 20% O2, as evaluated by CD45RA and CCR7 expression (CD45RA-CCR7+). Primary TIL were then expanded to larger numbers using a rapid expansion protocol (REP) by stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of allogenic feeder cells. REP of TIL was carried out at either atmospheric O2 (20% O2) or at a hypoxic O2 level (5% O2), and the T-cell phenotype as well as reactivity to the autologous tumor were assessed. Unlike pre-REP TIL, TIL that underwent REP were able to expand in hypoxic conditions (5% O2) and displayed increased percentage of tissue resident memory T-cells (CD69+CD103+; 19%) when compared to the starting TIL population (0.11%) or TIL expanded at atmospheric O2 (0.17%). When co-cultured with the autologous tumor, hypoxic TILs displayed increased IFNγ, TNFα as well as increased Granzyme B release (p<0.001) when compared to TIL expanded in normoxia (20% O2). Collectively, these results support the advantage of adapting TIL to hypoxic conditions in the production of tumor-reactive TIL.
Citation Format: Mohammed Alkhouli, Veronica Martinez-Brockhus, Matthew S. Beatty, Robert J. Gillies, Shari Pilon-Thomas, Jad Chahoud. Ex vivo expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 575.
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