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Watuma BM, Kipkoech S, Melly DK, Ngumbau VM, Rono PC, Mutie FM, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Mwachala G, Gituru RW, Hu GW, Wang QF. An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Taita Hills, Eastern Arc Mountain. PhytoKeys 2022; 191:1-158. [PMID: 35437383 PMCID: PMC8904431 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.191.73714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Taita Hills forests are an ecological island within the Tsavo plains and are the northern-most part of the Eastern Arc Mountains in southeast Kenya. They are highly fragmented forests embedded in a mosaic of human settlements and farms on the slopes and hilltops. Despite their intensive degradation, they exhibit a high degree of plant diversity and endemism, and therefore are regarded as a biodiversity hotspot. In spite of their distinct importance to the biodiversity of the region as well as supporting the livelihoods of the surrounding communities, floristic studies in these hills have been finite. Through repetitive floral expeditions, herbarium records from the East African Herbarium (EA), Global Biodiversity Information (GBIF), and the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigbio) databases, as well as plant lists from literature and monographs, we provide a comprehensive checklist of 1594 taxa representing 159 families, 709 genera, 1530 species, 39 subspecies, 27 varieties, and 2 hybrids. Out of these, 75 are endemic or near-endemic, 59 are exotic, and 83 are listed as either endangered or near endangered as evaluated in the IUCN Redlist. Zehneriatuberifera G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang, a new species to science, which has previously been described, was also discovered from the Ngangao forest fragment. Information on the habit(s), habitat(s), and altitudinal range of each taxon is provided in this study. This checklist is an updated inventory of the vascular plants of the Taita Hills. It confirms the high plant diversity of the hills and provides a clear baseline for strategic conservation and sustainable management of plant resources and diversity under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Muema Watuma
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, KenyaKenya Forestry Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Solomon Kipkoech
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), P.O Box 20412–00200 Nairobi, KenyaNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - David Kimutai Melly
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- Bomet University College, P.O Box 701-20400. Bomet, KenyaBomet University CollegeBometKenya
| | - Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 - 00100 Nairobi, KenyaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Elijah Mbadi Mkala
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - John Mulinge Nzei
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Geoffrey Mwachala
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 - 00100 Nairobi, KenyaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, KenyaKenya Forestry Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
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Ngumbau VM, Luke Q, Nyange M, Wanga VO, Watuma BM, Mbuni YM, Munyao JN, Oulo MA, Mkala EM, Kipkoech S, Itambo M, Hu GW, Wang QF. An annotated checklist of the coastal forests of Kenya, East Africa. PhytoKeys 2020; 147:1-191. [PMID: 32476978 PMCID: PMC7237506 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.147.49602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacy of information impedes society's competence to find out the cause or degree of a problem or even to avoid further losses in an ecosystem. It becomes even harder to identify all the biological resources at risk because there is no exhaustive inventory of either fauna or flora of a particular region. Coastal forests of Kenya are located in the southeast part of Kenya and are distributed mainly in four counties: Kwale, Kilifi, Lamu, and Tana River County. They are a stretch of fragmented forests ca. 30-120 km away from the Indian Ocean, and they have existed for millions of years. Diversity of both fauna and flora is very high in these relicts and the coastal forests of Eastern Africa, extending along the coast from Somalia through Kenya and Tanzania to Mozambique, are ranked among the priority biodiversity hotspot in the world. In spite of the high plant species richness and their importance towards supporting the livelihoods of the communities that live around them, floristic studies in these forests have remained poorly investigated. Hence, based on numerous field investigations, plant lists from published monograph/literature, and data from BRAHMS (Botanical Records and Herbarium Management System) database at East African herbarium (EA), we present a detailed checklist of vascular plants recorded in this region. Our results show that Kenyan coastal forests play an essential role in the flora of Kenya and the plant diversity of the coastal forests of East Africa. The checklist represents 176 families, 981 genera, 2489 species, 100 infraspecific taxa, 90 endemic plants species, 72 exotic species, and 120 species that are included in the current IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as species of major concern. We also discovered three new species to the world from these relicts. Thus, Kenyan coastal forests present a remarkable and significant center of plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Quentin Luke
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mwadime Nyange
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vincent Okelo Wanga
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Benjamin Muema Watuma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuvenalis Morara Mbuni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacinta Ndunge Munyao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Millicent Akinyi Oulo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Solomon Kipkoech
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Malombe Itambo
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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Wei N, Zhong ZX, Melly DK, Kipkoech S, Watuma BM, Ngumbau VM, Kamau P, Hu GW, Wang QF. Zehneria grandibracteata (Cucurbitaceae), an overlooked new species from western Kenyan forests. PhytoKeys 2020; 165:85-98. [PMID: 33192148 PMCID: PMC7642130 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.165.57399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Zehneria grandibracteata, a new species of Cucurbitaceae from western Kenya, is described here, based on morphological and molecular data. It has long been misidentified as the widely-distributed species Z. scabra. However, it differs by its ovate leafy probract at the base of the inflorescences, subglabrous condition of the entire plant, shorter receptacle-tube and filaments, as well as denser and sessile inflorescences. Furthermore, the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Zehneria, based on nrITS sequences, further supports the argument that Z. grandibracteata should be segregated from Z. scabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
| | - David Kimutai Melly
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
| | - Solomon Kipkoech
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
| | - Benjamin Muema Watuma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
| | - Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN-100049, China
- East Africa Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 451660-0100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peris Kamau
- East Africa Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 451660-0100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, CN-430074, China
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Morara Mbuni Y, Zhou Y, Wang S, Ngumbau VM, Mutuku Musili P, Munyao Mutie F, Njoroge B, Muigai Kirika P, Mwachala G, Vivian K, Cheptoo Rono P, Hu G, Wang Q. An annotated checklist of vascular plants of Cherangani hills, Western Kenya. PhytoKeys 2019; 120:1-90. [PMID: 31065231 PMCID: PMC6483958 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.120.30274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cherangani hills, located in Western Kenya, comprises of 12 forest blocks, maintaining great plant diversity. However, little attention to plant diversity studies has been paid to it in the past years. Here, we present a checklist of the vascular plants of this region obtained through intensive field investigations and matching of herbarium specimens. In total, 1296 species, including 17 endemic species are documented, belonging to 130 families and 608 genera. This flora represents 18.50%, 43.83% and 54.17% of the Kenyan species, genera and families, respectively. The habit, habitat and voucher specimens, as well as brief notes on the distribution of each taxon recorded are presented in this checklist. It is the first exhaustive inventory of the terrestrial vascular plants in Cherangani hills which is a significant regional centre for plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvenalis Morara Mbuni
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Mutuku Musili
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brian Njoroge
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Muigai Kirika
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey Mwachala
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kathambi Vivian
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guangwan Hu
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
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