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Chen L, Dong X, Huang H, Xu H, Rono PC, Cai X, Hu G. Assembly and comparative analysis of the initial complete mitochondrial genome of Primulina hunanensis (Gesneriaceae): a cave-dwelling endangered plant. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:322. [PMID: 38561677 PMCID: PMC10983754 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primulina hunanensis, a troglobitic plant within the Primulina genus of Gesneriaceae family, exhibits robust resilience to arid conditions and holds great horticultural potential as an ornamental plant. The work of chloroplast genome (cpDNA) has been recently accomplished, however, the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) that is crucial for plant evolution has not been reported. RESULTS In this study, we sequenced and assembled the P. hunanensis complete mtDNA, and elucidated its evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships. The assembled mtDNA spans 575,242 bp with 43.54% GC content, encompassing 60 genes, including 37 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. Notably, high number of repetitive sequences in the mtDNA and substantial sequence translocation from chloroplasts to mitochondria were observed. To determine the evolutionary and taxonomic positioning of P. hunanensis, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using mitochondrial PCGs from P. hunanensis and 32 other taxa. Furthermore, an exploration of PCGs relative synonymous codon usage, identification of RNA editing events, and an investigation of collinearity with closely related species were conducted. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the initial assembly and annotation of P. hunanensis mtDNA, contributing to the limited mtDNA repository for Gesneriaceae plants and advancing our understanding of their evolution for improved utilization and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hang Huang
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiuzhen Cai
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Guangwan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China.
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Cheptoo Rono P, Munyao Mutie F, Kathambi V, Wei N, Muema Watuma B, Nanjala C, Wagutu GK, Kirika PM, Malombe I, Hu GW, Wang QF. An annotated plant checklist of the transboundary volcanic Mt Elgon, East Africa. PhytoKeys 2023; 223:1-174. [PMID: 37252062 PMCID: PMC10209612 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.223.97401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mt Elgon is an ancient transboundary volcanic mountain found at the Kenya-Uganda boarder possessing high plant diversity. This study documents an updated checklist of the mountain's vascular plants obtained through random-walk field excursions and retrieval of herbarium specimen tracing back to 1900. We compiled 1709 species from 673 genera in 131 families. One new species of the family Cucurbitaceae was also reported. This checklist records respective habitat, habits, elevation ranges, voucher numbers and global distribution ranges of each species. Native and exotic species were also distinguished, where 8.4% of the total species in 49 families were exotic species. There were 103 endemic species, while 14 species were found to be both rare and endemic. IUCN conservation status revealed 2 Critically Endangered, 4 Endangered, 9 Vulnerable and 2 Near Threatened species. This study presents the first and most comprehensive plant inventory of Mt Elgon that will facilitate further ecological and phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Vivian Kathambi
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, KenyaEast African Herbarium, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Neng Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Benjamin Muema Watuma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Godfrey Kinyori Wagutu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Wuhan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, ChineseAcademy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Paul M. Kirika
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, KenyaEast African Herbarium, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Itambo Malombe
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 45166 00100, Nairobi, KenyaEast African Herbarium, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
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Mutie FM, Mbuni YM, Rono PC, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Phumthum M, Hu GW, Wang QF. Important Medicinal and Food Taxa (Orders and Families) in Kenya, Based on Three Quantitative Approaches. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1145. [PMID: 36904005 PMCID: PMC10005506 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, food and medicinal plants have been documented, but their use patterns are poorly understood. Useful plants are non-random subsets of flora, prioritizing certain taxa. This study evaluates orders and families prioritized for medicine and food in Kenya, using three statistical models: Regression, Binomial, and Bayesian approaches. An extensive literature search was conducted to gather information on indigenous flora, medicinal and food plants. Regression residuals, obtained using LlNEST linear regression function, were used to quantify if taxa had unexpectedly high number of useful species relative to the overall proportion in the flora. Bayesian analysis, performed using BETA.INV function, was used to obtain superior and inferior 95% probability credible intervals for the whole flora and for all taxa. To test for the significance of individual taxa departure from the expected number, binomial analysis using BINOMDIST function was performed to obtain p-values for all taxa. The three models identified 14 positive outlier medicinal orders, all with significant values (p < 0.05). Fabales had the highest (66.16) regression residuals, while Sapindales had the highest (1.1605) R-value. Thirty-eight positive outlier medicinal families were identified; 34 were significant outliers (p < 0.05). Rutaceae (1.6808) had the highest R-value, while Fabaceae had the highest regression residuals (63.2). Sixteen positive outlier food orders were recovered; 13 were significant outliers (p < 0.05). Gentianales (45.27) had the highest regression residuals, while Sapindales (2.3654) had the highest R-value. Forty-two positive outlier food families were recovered by the three models; 30 were significant outliers (p < 0.05). Anacardiaceae (5.163) had the highest R-value, while Fabaceae had the highest (28.72) regression residuals. This study presents important medicinal and food taxa in Kenya, and adds useful data for global comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - John Mulinge Nzei
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Methee Phumthum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Nanjala C, Odago WO, Rono PC, Waswa EN, Mutinda ES, Oulo MA, Muema FW, Wanga VO, Mkala EM, Kuja J, Njire MM, Hu GW. A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Didymocarpus wall. (Gesneriaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 295:115404. [PMID: 35643208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants have been extensively used to treat various illnesses since the dawn of civilization. The genus Didymorcapus Wall. comprises 100 species widely distributed in the tropical regions of Asia, with a few found scattered in Africa and Australia. Species in this genus have long been used in folk medicine to treat various illnesses, including wounds, kidney stones, inflammations, asthma, flu, eczema, dysentery, fractures, colic etc. Some species have applications as weight loss agents, laxatives, and protective medication after childbirth. AIM To provide comprehensive information on the current knowledge of the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical compounds, pharmacological applications, and toxicology of genus Didymocarpus to reveal its therapeutic potential, offering insights into future research opportunities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were systematically obtained from books and online databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sci Finder, Google Scholar, Science direct, ACS Publications, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library. RESULTS Seventeen Didymocarpus species have applications in traditional medicine in different Asian countries. A total of 166 compounds have been isolated from the genus Didymocarpus including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, chalcones, steroids, and others. Among these constituents, terpenoids, flavonoids, chalcones, and phenolics are the significant contributors to pharmacological activities of the genus Didymocarpus, possessing wide-reaching biological activities both in vivo and in vitro. The crude extracts and isolated phytochemical compounds from this genus have been shown to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including antiurolithiatic, nephro-protective, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, wound healing, and antioxidant activities. CONCLUSIONS Traditional uses and scientific evaluation of Didymocarpus indicate that Didymocarpus pedicellata is one of the most widely used species in some parts of the world. Although substantial progress on the chemical and pharmacological properties of Didymocarpus species has been made, further studies on the pharmacology and toxicology of these species are needed to ensure safety, efficacy, and quality. Also, further research on the structure-activity relationship of some of the isolated phytocompounds may improve their biological potency and scientific exploitation of traditional uses of the Didymocarpus taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolata Nanjala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Millicent Akinyi Oulo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Felix Wambua Muema
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Vincent Okelo Wanga
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Josiah Kuja
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 101165, Denmark
| | - Moses Mucugi Njire
- Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, 62 000 - 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Nanjala C, Odago WO, Rono PC, Waswa EN, Mutinda ES, Oulo MA, Muema FW, Wanga VO, Mkala EM, Kuja J, Njire MM, Hu GW. A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Didymocarpus wall. (Gesneriaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2022; 295:115404. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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Watuma BM, Kipkoech S, Melly DK, Ngumbau VM, Rono PC, Mutie FM, Mkala EM, Nzei JM, Mwachala G, Gituru RW, Hu GW, Wang QF. An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Taita Hills, Eastern Arc Mountain. PhytoKeys 2022; 191:1-158. [PMID: 35437383 PMCID: PMC8904431 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.191.73714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Taita Hills forests are an ecological island within the Tsavo plains and are the northern-most part of the Eastern Arc Mountains in southeast Kenya. They are highly fragmented forests embedded in a mosaic of human settlements and farms on the slopes and hilltops. Despite their intensive degradation, they exhibit a high degree of plant diversity and endemism, and therefore are regarded as a biodiversity hotspot. In spite of their distinct importance to the biodiversity of the region as well as supporting the livelihoods of the surrounding communities, floristic studies in these hills have been finite. Through repetitive floral expeditions, herbarium records from the East African Herbarium (EA), Global Biodiversity Information (GBIF), and the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigbio) databases, as well as plant lists from literature and monographs, we provide a comprehensive checklist of 1594 taxa representing 159 families, 709 genera, 1530 species, 39 subspecies, 27 varieties, and 2 hybrids. Out of these, 75 are endemic or near-endemic, 59 are exotic, and 83 are listed as either endangered or near endangered as evaluated in the IUCN Redlist. Zehneriatuberifera G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang, a new species to science, which has previously been described, was also discovered from the Ngangao forest fragment. Information on the habit(s), habitat(s), and altitudinal range of each taxon is provided in this study. This checklist is an updated inventory of the vascular plants of the Taita Hills. It confirms the high plant diversity of the hills and provides a clear baseline for strategic conservation and sustainable management of plant resources and diversity under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Muema Watuma
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, KenyaKenya Forestry Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Solomon Kipkoech
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), P.O Box 20412–00200 Nairobi, KenyaNational Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - David Kimutai Melly
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- Bomet University College, P.O Box 701-20400. Bomet, KenyaBomet University CollegeBometKenya
| | - Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 - 00100 Nairobi, KenyaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Elijah Mbadi Mkala
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - John Mulinge Nzei
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Geoffrey Mwachala
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 - 00100 Nairobi, KenyaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Botany Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, KenyaKenya Forestry Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaWuhan Botanical GardenWuhanChina
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaSino-Africa Joint Research CenterWuhanChina
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Peng S, Rono PC, Yang JX, Wang JJ, Hu GW, Wang QF. Description of a New Species and Lectotypification of Two Names in Impatiens Sect. Racemosae (Balsaminaceae) from China. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1812. [PMID: 34579345 PMCID: PMC8469104 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impatiens longiaristata (Balsaminaceae), a new species from western Sichuan Province in China, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and molecular data. It is similar to I. longiloba and I. siculifer, but differs in its lower sepal with a long arista at the apex of the mouth, spur curved downward or circinate, and lower petal that is oblong-elliptic and two times longer than the upper petal. Molecular analysis confirmed its placement in sect. Racemosae. Simultaneously, during the inspection of the protologues and type specimens of allied species, it was found that the types of two names from this section were syntypes based on Article 9.6 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). According to Articles 8.1, 9.3, and Recommendations 9A.1, 9A.2, and 9A.3, the lectotypes of these two names are here designated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.P.); (P.C.R.); (J.-X.Y.); (J.-J.W.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.P.); (P.C.R.); (J.-X.Y.); (J.-J.W.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.P.); (P.C.R.); (J.-X.Y.); (J.-J.W.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.P.); (P.C.R.); (J.-X.Y.); (J.-J.W.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.P.); (P.C.R.); (J.-X.Y.); (J.-J.W.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (S.P.); (P.C.R.); (J.-X.Y.); (J.-J.W.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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8
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Rono PC, Dong X, Yang JX, Mutie FM, Oulo MA, Malombe I, Kirika PM, Hu GW, Wang QF. Initial Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Alchemilla (Rosaceae): Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Relationships. Front Genet 2020; 11:560368. [PMID: 33362846 PMCID: PMC7756076 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.560368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Alchemilla L., known for its medicinal and ornamental value, is widely distributed in the Holarctic regions with a few species found in Asia and Africa. Delimitation of species within Alchemilla is difficult due to hybridization, autonomous apomixes, and polyploidy, necessitating efficient molecular-based characterization. Herein, we report the initial complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of Alchemilla. The cp genomes of two African (Afromilla) species Alchemilla pedata and Alchemilla argyrophylla were sequenced, and phylogenetic and comparative analyses were conducted in the family Rosaceae. The cp genomes mapped a typical circular quadripartite structure of lengths 152,438 and 152,427 base pairs (bp) in A. pedata and A. argyrophylla, respectively. Alchemilla cp genomes were composed of a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRa/IRb) of length 25,923 and 25,915 bp, separating the small single copy (SSC) region of 17,980 and 17,981 bp and a large single copy (LSC) region of 82,612 and 82,616 bp in A. pedata and A. argyrophylla, respectively. The cp genomes encoded 114 unique genes including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Additionally, 88 and 95 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 37 and 40 tandem repeats were identified in A. pedata and A. argyrophylla, respectively. Significantly, the loss of group II intron in atpF gene in Alchemilla species was detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on 26 whole cp genome sequences and 78 protein-coding gene sequences of 27 Rosaceae species revealed a monophyletic clustering of Alchemilla nested within subfamily Rosoideae. Based on a protein-coding region, negative selective pressure (Ka/Ks < 1) was detected with an average Ka/Ks value of 0.1322 in A. argyrophylla and 0.1418 in A. pedata. The availability of complete cp genome in the genus Alchemilla will contribute to species delineation and further phylogenetic and evolutionary studies in the family Rosaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Millicent A Oulo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Itambo Malombe
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul M Kirika
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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9
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Kathambi V, Mutie FM, Rono PC, Wei N, Munyao JN, Kamau P, Gituru RW, Hu GW, Wang QF. Traditional knowledge, use and conservation of plants by the communities of Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya. Plant Divers 2020; 42:479-487. [PMID: 33733015 PMCID: PMC7936104 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Rural communities in Kenya largely depend on plant resources for their livelihood. The utilization of these resources depends on the availability of plant resources and the level of knowledge of the residents. We conducted an ethnobotanical study in Tharaka-Nithi County in Kenya to determine the knowledge and utilization of various plant species by the local communities. The study was conducted in four major administrative regions from June 2018 to February 2019, involving interview schedules using semi-structured open-ended questionnaires and guided field collections with 48 informants. A total of 214 plant species distributed in 73 families and 169 genera with 616 Use Reports (URs) were documented. Fabaceae was the highest family cited by the informants (31 species) followed by Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae (each with 11 species). Trees (49%) and shrubs (32%) were the top life forms of the plants frequently utilized by the local residents. The general plant uses reported were medicinal, food, fodder, construction, fuel, pesticidal, religious, live fencing, and making crafts. Zanthoxylum gilletii, Prunus africana, and Solanum incanum were found to be highly valued by the local communities. Plant utilization as food and medicinal uses against snake-bite related problems had the highest Informant Consensus Factor (ICF). Only 29 (13.6%) of the species reported had their status assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Conservation measures, alongside awareness creation in this region, are highly recommended for the species endemic to the region, highly depended on by the community, and those threatened according to IUCN standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Kathambi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 451660-0100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Neng Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jacinta Ndunge Munyao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peris Kamau
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 451660-0100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Corresponding author. CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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10
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Oulo MA, Yang JX, Dong X, Wanga VO, Mkala EM, Munyao JN, Onjolo VO, Rono PC, Hu GW, Wang QF. Complete Chloroplast Genome of Rhipsalis baccifera, the only Cactus with Natural Distribution in the Old World: Genome Rearrangement, Intron Gain and Loss, and Implications for Phylogenetic Studies. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E979. [PMID: 32752116 PMCID: PMC7464518 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rhipsalis baccifera is the only cactus that naturally occurs in both the New World and the Old World, and has thus drawn the attention of most researchers. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of R. baccifera is reported here for the first time. The cp genome of R. baccifera has 122, 333 base pairs (bp), with a large single-copy (LSC) region (81,459 bp), SSC (23,531 bp) and two inverted repeat (IR) regions each 8530 bp. The genome contains 110 genes, with 73 protein-coding genes, 31 tRNAs, 4 rRNAs and 2 pseudogenes. Twelve genes have introns, with loss of introns being observed in, rpoc1clpP and rps12 genes. 49 repeat sequences and 62 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were found in the genome. Comparative analysis with eight species of the ACPT (Anacampserotaceae, Cactaceae, Portulacaceae, and Talinaceae) clade of the suborder Portulacineae species, showed that R. baccifera genome has higher number of rearrangements, with a 19 gene inversion in its LSC region representing the most significant structural change in terms of its size. Inversion of the SSC region seems common in subfamily Cactoideae, and another 6 kb gene inversion between rbcL- trnM was observed in R. baccifera and Carnegiea gigantea. The IRs of R. baccifera are contracted. The phylogenetic analysis among 36 complete chloroplast genomes of Caryophyllales species and two outgroup species supported monophyly of the families of the ACPT clade. R. baccifera occupied a basal position of the family Cactaceae clade in the tree. A high number of rearrangements in this cp genome suggests a larger number mutation events in the history of evolution of R. baccifera. These results provide important tools for future work on R. baccifera and in the evolutionary studies of the suborder Portulacineae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent Akinyi Oulo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Vincent Okelo Wanga
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jacinta Ndunge Munyao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Victor Omondi Onjolo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (M.A.O.); (J.-X.Y.); (X.D.); (V.O.W.); (E.M.M.); (J.N.M.); (V.O.O.); (P.C.R.); (Q.-F.W.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Morara Mbuni Y, Zhou Y, Wang S, Ngumbau VM, Mutuku Musili P, Munyao Mutie F, Njoroge B, Muigai Kirika P, Mwachala G, Vivian K, Cheptoo Rono P, Hu G, Wang Q. An annotated checklist of vascular plants of Cherangani hills, Western Kenya. PhytoKeys 2019; 120:1-90. [PMID: 31065231 PMCID: PMC6483958 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.120.30274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cherangani hills, located in Western Kenya, comprises of 12 forest blocks, maintaining great plant diversity. However, little attention to plant diversity studies has been paid to it in the past years. Here, we present a checklist of the vascular plants of this region obtained through intensive field investigations and matching of herbarium specimens. In total, 1296 species, including 17 endemic species are documented, belonging to 130 families and 608 genera. This flora represents 18.50%, 43.83% and 54.17% of the Kenyan species, genera and families, respectively. The habit, habitat and voucher specimens, as well as brief notes on the distribution of each taxon recorded are presented in this checklist. It is the first exhaustive inventory of the terrestrial vascular plants in Cherangani hills which is a significant regional centre for plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvenalis Morara Mbuni
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Mutuku Musili
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brian Njoroge
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Muigai Kirika
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey Mwachala
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kathambi Vivian
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peninah Cheptoo Rono
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- East African Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 45166 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Guangwan Hu
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (SAJOREC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
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