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He X, Smith MR, Jarrell ZR, Thi Ly V, Liang Y, Lee CM, Orr M, Go YM, Jones DP. Metabolic alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction in human airway BEAS-2B cells exposed to vanadium pentoxide. Toxicology 2024; 504:153772. [PMID: 38479551 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Vanadium pentoxide (V+5) is a hazardous material that has drawn considerable attention due to its wide use in industrial sectors and increased release into environment from human activities. It poses potential adverse effects on animals and human health, with pronounced impact on lung physiology and functions. In this study, we investigated the metabolic response of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to low-level V+5 exposure (0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm) using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Exposure to V+5 caused extensive changes to cellular metabolism in BEAS-2B cells, including TCA cycle, glycolysis, fatty acids, amino acids, amino sugars, nucleotide sugar, sialic acid, vitamin D3, and drug metabolism, without causing cell death. Altered mitochondrial structure and function were observed with as low as 0.01 ppm (0.2 μM) V+5 exposure. In addition, decreased level of E-cadherin, the prototypical epithelial marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), was observed following V+5 treatment, supporting potential toxicity of V+5 at low levels. Taken together, the present study shows that V+5 has adverse effects on mitochondria and the metabolome which may result in EMT activation in the absence of cell death. Furthermore, results suggest that high-resolution metabolomics could serve as a powerful tool to investigate metal toxicity at levels which do not cause cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Matthew Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Decatur, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zachery R Jarrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - ViLinh Thi Ly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yongliang Liang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Choon-Myung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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He X, Jarrell ZR, Smith MR, Ly VT, Hu X, Sueblinvong V, Liang Y, Orr M, Go YM, Jones DP. Low-dose vanadium pentoxide perturbed lung metabolism associated with inflammation and fibrosis signaling in male animal and in vitro models. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L215-L232. [PMID: 37310758 PMCID: PMC10396228 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00303.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanadium is available as a dietary supplement and also is known to be toxic if inhaled, yet little information is available concerning the effects of vanadium on mammalian metabolism when concentrations found in food and water. Vanadium pentoxide (V+5) is representative of the most common dietary and environmental exposures, and prior research shows that low-dose V+5 exposure causes oxidative stress measured by glutathione oxidation and protein S-glutathionylation. We examined the metabolic impact of V+5 at relevant dietary and environmental doses (0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm for 24 h) in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) and male C57BL/6J mice (0.02, 0.2, and 2 ppm in drinking water for 7 mo). Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) showed that V+5 induced significant metabolic perturbations in both HLF cells and mouse lungs. We noted 30% of the significantly altered pathways in HLF cells, including pyrimidines and aminosugars, fatty acids, mitochondrial and redox pathways, showed similar dose-dependent patterns in mouse lung tissues. Alterations in lipid metabolism included leukotrienes and prostaglandins involved in inflammatory signaling, which have been associated with the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other disease processes. Elevated hydroxyproline levels and excessive collagen deposition were also present in lungs from V+5-treated mice. Taken together, these results show that oxidative stress from environmental V+5, ingested at low levels, could alter metabolism to contribute to common human lung diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used relevant dietary and environmental doses of Vanadium pentoxide (V+5) to examine its metabolic impact in vitro and in vivo. Using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), we found significant metabolic perturbations, with similar dose-dependent patterns observed in human lung fibroblasts and male mouse lungs. Alterations in lipid metabolism included inflammatory signaling, elevated hydroxyproline levels, and excessive collagen deposition were present in V+5-treated lungs. Our findings suggest that low levels of V+5 could trigger pulmonary fibrotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Zachery R Jarrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Matthew Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - ViLinh Thi Ly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Viranuj Sueblinvong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yongliang Liang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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He X, Jarrell ZR, Smith MR, Ly VT, Liang Y, Orr M, Go YM, Jones DP. Metabolomics of V 2O 5 nanoparticles and V 2O 5 nanofibers in human airway epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 459:116327. [PMID: 36460058 PMCID: PMC9986994 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium is a toxic metal listed by the IARC as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Manufactured nanosize vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) materials are used in a wide range of industrial sectors and recently have been developed as nanomedicine for cancer therapeutics, yet limited information is available to evaluate relevant nanotoxicity. In this study we used high-resolution metabolomics to assess effects of two V2O5 nanomaterials, nanoparticles and nanofibers, at exposure levels (0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm) that did not cause cell death (i.e., non-cytotoxic) in a human airway epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. As prepared, V2O5 nanofiber exhibited a fibrous morphology, with a width approximately 63 ± 12 nm and length in average 420 ± 70 nm; whereas, V2O5 nanoparticles showed a typical particle morphology with a size 36 ± 2 nm. Both V2O5 nanoparticles and nanofibers had dose-response effects on aminosugar, amino acid, fatty acid, carnitine, niacin and nucleotide metabolism. Differential effects of the particles and fibers included dibasic acid, glycosphingolipid and glycerophospholipid pathway associations with V2O5 nanoparticles, and cholesterol and sialic acid metabolism associations with V2O5 nanofibers. Examination by transmission electron microscopy provided evidence for mitochondrial stress and increased lysosome fusion by both nanomaterials, and these data were supported by effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and lysosomal activity. The results showed that non-cytotoxic exposures to V2O5 nanomaterials impact major metabolic pathways previously associated with human lung diseases and suggest that toxico-metabolomics may be useful to evaluate health risks from V2O5 nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zachery R Jarrell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Matthew Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - ViLinh Thi Ly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yongliang Liang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Kwei GY, Alvaro RF, Chen Q, Jenkins HJ, Hop CE, Keohane CA, Ly VT, Strauss JR, Wang RW, Wang Z, Pippert TR, Umbenhauer DR. Disposition of ivermectin and cyclosporin A in CF-1 mice deficient in mdr1a P-glycoprotein. Drug Metab Dispos 1999; 27:581-7. [PMID: 10220486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and hepatic metabolism of [3H] ivermectin (IVM) and [3H]cyclosporin A (CSA) were investigated in a subpopulation of the CF-1 mouse stock naturally deficient in mdr1a p-glycoprotein (PGP). A survey of key drug-metabolizing activities in liver fractions from PGP-deficient (-/-) or wild-type (+/+) animals indicated the two subpopulations are not different in hepatic metabolic activity and capacity. Intravenous pharmacokinetics of CSA were identical between the two groups, and results from microsomal incubations indicated similar biotransformation of IVM and CSA in liver. Intestinal excretion of [3H]IVM and [3H]CSA was enhanced in PGP (+/+) animals. Absence of PGP resulted in higher blood concentrations of IVM after oral dosing, suggesting enhanced absorption of IVM in (-/-) mice. Concentrations of [3H]IVM and [3H]CSA were always greater in the brains of (-/-) mice compared with (+/+) mice after either i.v. or oral administration. In contrast, liver concentrations of either compound were not different between (+/+) and (-/-) animals after an i.v. dose. These results show the PGP (-/-) and (+/+) subpopulations of CF-1 mice are useful for studying the role of mdr1a PGP in systemic exposure and tissue disposition of PGP substrates in the absence of metabolism differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Kwei
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Safety Assessment, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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Abstract
The effect of various hand washing regimens on transfer of bacterial contaminants from the hands to a hydrogel contact lenses was evaluated. Each of 47 subjects performed 5 different hand washing procedures, and then handled a new, sterile hydrogel contact lens. The lenses were cultured to determine colony-forming units (CFUs) and microbial identity. Median CFUs on lenses handled after washing with water, soap and water, or soap and water followed by towel drying were higher than the median CFU for lenses handled after no hand washing. The median CFU for lenses handled after soap and water washing followed by an alcohol wipe was not different from the no washing group. The majority of the contaminants were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. These results show that ordinary hand washing alone does not decrease, and may even increase, the amount of contaminants transferred from the hands to a hydrogel lens. Use of an alcoholic wipe after hand washing reverses this effect. Hand washing is still recommended in contact lens hygiene for removal of more pathogenic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Ly
- Southern California College of Optometry, Fullerton, USA
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