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Sihag P, Kumar U, Sagwal V, Kapoor P, Singh Y, Mehla S, Balyan P, Mir RR, Varshney RK, Singh KP, Dhankher OP. Effect of terminal heat stress on osmolyte accumulation and gene expression during grain filling in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Genome 2024; 17:e20307. [PMID: 36751876 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The grain-filling stage in Triticum aestivum (wheat) is highly vulnerable to increasing temperature as terminal heat stress diminishes grain quality and yield. To examine the mechanism of terminal heat tolerance, we performed the biochemical and gene expression analyses using two heat-tolerant (WH730 and WH1218) and two heat-sensitive (WH711 and WH157) wheat genotypes. We observed a significant increase in total soluble sugar (25%-47%), proline (7%-15%), and glycine betaine (GB) (22%-34%) contents in flag leaf, whereas a decrease in grain-filling duration, 1000-kernel weight (8%-25%), and grain yield per plant (11%-23%) was observed under the late-sown compared to the timely sown. The maximum content of osmolytes, including total soluble sugar, proline, and GB, was observed in heat-tolerant genotypes compared to heat-sensitive genotypes. The expression of 10 heat-responsive genes associated with heat shock proteins (sHsp-1, Hsp17, and HsfA4), flavonoid biosynthesis (F3'-1 and PAL), β-glucan synthesis (CslF6 and CslH), and xyloglucan metabolism (XTH1, XTH2, and XTH5) was studied in flag leaf exposed to different heat treatments (34, 36, 38, and 40°C) at 15 days after anthesis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A significant increase in the relative fold expression of these genes with increasing temperature indicated their involvement in providing heat-stress tolerance. The high differential expression of most of the genes in heat-tolerant genotype "WH730" followed by "WH1218" indicates the high adaptability of these genotypes to heat stress compared to heat-sensitive wheat genotypes. Based on the previous results, "WH730" performed better in terms of maximum osmolyte accumulation, grain yield, and gene expression under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sihag
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vijeta Sagwal
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Prexha Kapoor
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Yogita Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sheetal Mehla
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Balyan
- Department of Botany, Deva Nagri College, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Biophysics Unit, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
- Vice-Chancellor's Secretariat, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Singh Y, Kumar U, Panigrahi S, Balyan P, Mehla S, Sihag P, Sagwal V, Singh KP, White JC, Dhankher OP. Nanoparticles as novel elicitors in plant tissue culture applications: Current status and future outlook. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 203:108004. [PMID: 37714027 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue culture is the primary, fundamental, and applied aspect of plant biology. It is an indispensable and valuable technique for investigating morphogenesis, embryogenesis, clonal propagation, crop improvements, generation of pathogen-free plants, gene transfer and expression, and the production of secondary metabolites. The extensive use of various nanoparticles (NPs) in fields such as cosmetics, energy, medicine, pharmaceuticals, electronics, agriculture, and biotechnology have demonstrated positive impacts in microbial decontamination, callus differentiation, organogenesis, somatic variations, biotransformation, cryopreservation, and enhanced synthesis of bioactive compounds. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to the use of nanoparticles in plant tissue culture, with a particular focus on the beneficial outcomes. The positive (beneficial) and negative (toxic) effects of engineered NPs in tissue culture medium, delivery of transgenes, NPs toxicity concerns, safety issues, and potential hazards arising from utilization of nanomaterials in agriculture through plant tissue culture are discussed in detail, along with the future prospects for these applications. In addition, the potential use of novel nanomaterials such as graphene, graphite, dendrimers, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes as well as unique metal or metalloid NPs are proposed. Further, the potential mechanisms underlying NPs elicitation of tissue culture response in different applications are critically evaluated. The potential of these approaches in plant nanobiotechnology is only now becoming understood and it is clear that the role of these strategies in sustainably increasing crop production to combat global food security and safety in a changing climate will be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India; Department of Plant Science, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243001, India.
| | - Sourav Panigrahi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Priyanka Balyan
- Department of Botany, Deva Nagri P.G. College, CCS University, Meerut, 245206, India
| | - Sheetal Mehla
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Pooja Sihag
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Vijeta Sagwal
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Biophysics Unit, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India; Vice-Chancellor's Secretariat, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243001, India
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Sagwal V, Kumar U, Sihag P, Singh Y, Balyan P, Singh KP. Physiological traits and expression profile of genes associated with nitrogen and phosphorous use efficiency in wheat. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5091-5103. [PMID: 37101006 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) play a very important role in the growth and development of wheat as well as major constituents of biological membranes. To meet the plant's nutritional demand these nutrients are applied in the form of fertilizers. But the plant can utilize only half of the applied fertilizer whereas the rest is lost through surface runoff, leaching and volatilization. Thus, to overcome the N/P loss we need to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the N/P uptake. METHODS In our study, we used DBW16 (low NUE), and WH147 (high NUE) wheat genotypes under different doses of N, whereas HD2967 (low PUE) and WH1100 (high PUE) genotypes were studied under different doses of P. To check the effect of different doses of N/P, the physiological parameters like total chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, N/P content, and N/PUE of these genotypes were calculated. In addition, gene expression of various genes involved in N uptake, utilization, and acquisition such as Nitrite reductase (NiR), Nitrate transporter 1/Peptide transporter family (NPF2.4/2.5), Nitrate transporter (NRT1) and NIN Like Protein (NLP) and induced phosphate starvation (IPS), Phosphate Transporter (PHT1.7) and Phosphate 2 (PHO2) acquisition was studied by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed a lower percent reduction in TCC, NPR, and N/P content in N/P efficient wheat genotypes (WH147 & WH1100). A significant increase in relative fold expression of genes under low N/P concentration was observed in N/P efficient genotypes as compared to N/P deficient genotypes. CONCLUSION Significant differences in physiological data and gene expression among N/ P efficient and deficient wheat genotypes could be useful for future improvement of N/P use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijeta Sagwal
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India.
| | - Pooja Sihag
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Yogita Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Priyanka Balyan
- Department of Botany, Deva Nagri P.G. College, CCS University, Meerut, 245206, India
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Biophysics Unit, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
- Vice-Chancellor's Secretariat, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243001, India
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Sagwal V, Sihag P, Singh Y, Mehla S, Kapoor P, Balyan P, Kumar A, Mir RR, Dhankher OP, Kumar U. Development and characterization of nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency responsive genic and miRNA derived SSR markers in wheat. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:391-401. [PMID: 35132208 PMCID: PMC9177559 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the nutrients, nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) are the most limiting factors reducing wheat production and productivity world-wide. These macronutrients are directly applied to soil in the form of fertilizers. However, only 30-40% of these applied fertilizers are utilized by crop plants, while the rest is lost through volatilization, leaching, and surface run off. Therefore, to overcome the deficiency of N and P, it becomes necessary to improve their use efficiency. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) combined with traditional plant breeding approaches is considered best to improve the N and P use efficiency (N/PUE) of wheat varieties. In this study, we developed and evaluated a total of 98 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers including 66 microRNAs and 32 gene-specific SSRs on a panel of 10 (N and P efficient/deficient) wheat genotypes. Out of these, 35 SSRs were found polymorphic and have been used for the study of genetic diversity and population differentiation. A set of two SSRs, namely miR171a and miR167a were found candidate markers able to discriminate contrasting genotypes for N/PUE, respectively. Therefore, these two markers could be used as functional markers for characterization of wheat germplasm for N and P use efficiency. Target genes of these miRNAs were found to be highly associated with biological processes (24 GO terms) as compared to molecular function and cellular component and shows differential expression under various P starving conditions and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijeta Sagwal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Pooja Sihag
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Yogita Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Sheetal Mehla
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Prexha Kapoor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Priyanka Balyan
- Department of Botany, Deva Nagri P.G. College, CCS University, Meerut, 250001, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India.
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Kapoor P, Dhaka RK, Sihag P, Mehla S, Sagwal V, Singh Y, Langaya S, Balyan P, Singh KP, Xing B, White JC, Dhankher OP, Kumar U. Nanotechnology-enabled biofortification strategies for micronutrients enrichment of food crops: Current understanding and future scope. NanoImpact 2022; 26:100407. [PMID: 35594741 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiency in food crops severely compromises human health, particularly in under privileged communities. Globally, billions of people, particularly in developing nations, have limited access to nutritional supplements and fortified foods, subsequently suffering from micronutrient deficiency leading to a range of health issues. The green revolution enhanced crop production and provided food to billions of people but often falls short with respect to the nutritional quality of that food. Plants may assimilate nutrients from synthetic chemical fertilizers, but this approach generally has low nutrient delivery and use efficiency. Further, the overexposure of chemical fertilizers may increase the risk of neoplastic diseases, render food crops unfit for consumption and cause environmental degradation. Therefore, to address these challenges, more research is needed for sustainable crop yield and quality enhancement with minimum use of chemical fertilizers. Complex nutritional disorders and 'hidden hunger' can be addressed through biofortification of food crops. Nanotechnology may help to improve food quality via biofortification as plants may readily acquire nanoparticle-based nutrients. Nanofertilizers are target specific, possess controlled release, and can be retained for relatively long time periods, thus prevent leaching or run-off from soil. This review evaluates the recent literature on the development and use of nanofertilizers, their effects on the environment, and benefits to food quality. Further, the review highlights the potential of nanomaterials on plant genetics in biofortification, as well as issues of affordability, sustainability, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prexha Kapoor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Dhaka
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Bio-Nanotechnology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Pooja Sihag
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Sheetal Mehla
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Vijeta Sagwal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Yogita Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Sonu Langaya
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Priyanka Balyan
- Department of Botany, Deva Nagri P.G. College, CCS University Meerut, 245206, India
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Biophysics Unit, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India; Vice-Chancellor's Secretariat, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243001, India
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.
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Mehla S, Kumar U, Kapoor P, Singh Y, Sihag P, Sagwal V, Balyan P, Kumar A, Ahalawat N, Lakra N, Singh KP, Pesic V, Djalovic I, Mir RR, Dhankher OP. Structural and functional insights into the candidate genes associated with different developmental stages of flag leaf in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Front Genet 2022; 13:933560. [PMID: 36092892 PMCID: PMC9449350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.933560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain yield is one of the most important aims for combating the needs of the growing world population. The role of development and nutrient transfer in flag leaf for higher yields at the grain level is well known. It is a great challenge to properly exploit this knowledge because all the processes, starting from the emergence of the flag leaf to the grain filling stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are very complex biochemical and physiological processes to address. This study was conducted with the primary goal of functionally and structurally annotating the candidate genes associated with different developmental stages of flag leaf in a comprehensive manner using a plethora of in silico tools. Flag leaf-associated genes were analyzed for their structural and functional impacts using a set of bioinformatics tools and algorithms. The results revealed the association of 17 candidate genes with different stages of flag leaf development in wheat crop. Of these 17 candidate genes, the expression analysis results revealed the upregulation of genes such as TaSRT1-5D, TaPNH1-7B, and TaNfl1-2B and the downregulation of genes such as TaNAP1-7B, TaNOL-4D, and TaOsl2-2B can be utilized for the generation of high-yielding wheat varieties. Through MD simulation and other in silico analyses, all these proteins were found to be stable. Based on the outcome of bioinformatics and molecular analysis, the identified candidate genes were found to play principal roles in the flag leaf development process and can be utilized for higher-yield wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Mehla
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Prexha Kapoor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Yogita Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Pooja Sihag
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Vijeta Sagwal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Priyanka Balyan
- Department of Botany, Deva Nagri P. G. College, CCS University, Meerut, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Navjeet Ahalawat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Biophysics Unit, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
- Vice-Chancellor’s Secretariat, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
| | - Vladan Pesic
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivica Djalovic
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki 30, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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Sihag P, Sagwal V, Kumar A, Balyan P, Mir RR, Dhankher OP, Kumar U. Discovery of miRNAs and Development of Heat-Responsive miRNA-SSR Markers for Characterization of Wheat Germplasm for Terminal Heat Tolerance Breeding. Front Genet 2021; 12:699420. [PMID: 34394189 PMCID: PMC8356722 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.699420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of the Asian population fulfills their energy requirements from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat quality and yield are critically affected by the terminal heat stress across the globe. It affects approximately 40% of the wheat-cultivating regions of the world. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop improved terminal heat-tolerant wheat varieties. Marker-assisted breeding with genic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers have been used for developing terminal heat-tolerant wheat varieties; however, only few studies involved the use of microRNA (miRNA)-based SSR markers (miRNA-SSRs) in wheat, which were found as key players in various abiotic stresses. In the present study, we identified 104 heat-stress-responsive miRNAs reported in various crops. Out of these, 70 miRNA-SSR markers have been validated on a set of 20 terminal heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible wheat genotypes. Among these, only 19 miRNA-SSR markers were found to be polymorphic, which were further used to study the genetic diversity and population structure. The polymorphic miRNA-SSRs amplified 61 SSR loci with an average of 2.9 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value of polymorphic miRNA-SSRs ranged from 0.10 to 0.87 with a mean value of 0.48. The dendrogram constructed using unweighted neighbor-joining method and population structure analysis clustered these 20 wheat genotypes into 3 clusters. The target genes of these miRNAs are involved either directly or indirectly in providing tolerance to heat stress. Furthermore, two polymorphic markers miR159c and miR165b were declared as very promising diagnostic markers, since these markers showed specific alleles and discriminated terminal heat-tolerant genotypes from the susceptible genotypes. Thus, these identified miRNA-SSR markers will prove useful in the characterization of wheat germplasm through the study of genetic diversity and population structural analysis and in wheat molecular breeding programs aimed at terminal heat tolerance of wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sihag
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Vijeta Sagwal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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