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Patil VA. Malignancy masquerading as chronic meningitis in children: A rare differential. J Postgrad Med 2024; 70:9-10. [PMID: 36861548 PMCID: PMC10947729 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_816_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- VA Patil
- Department of Neurology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, New Marine Lines, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Joshi S, Desai S, Mudda JA, Patil VA, Mustafa M. Estimation of height and width of bone in anterior hard palate as a donor site for autogenous bone graft using IOPA by long cone paralleling technique. Niger J Clin Pract 2020; 23:1487-1493. [PMID: 33221770 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_42_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of bone available for harvesting from the anterior palate region using IOPA (Intra Oral Peri Apical) radiographs. Materials and Methods A total of 80 patients visiting the outpatient Department of Periodontics were selected. Two groups of male and female consisting 40 patients each were made. They were further subdivided into two groups based on age, 18-30 and 31-60 years of age, each with twenty patients. The patients were subjected to radiographic examination consisting of IOPA radiographs. All IOPA radiographs were taken using long cone paralleling technique. Availability of bone for harvesting, above the apices of teeth was calculated. Results The bone available in the incisor region was approximately 6.5 to 6.9 mm in height and 7.4 to 8 mm in width, in canine region 6.35 to 6.65 mm in height and 7.6 to 8.1 mm width, and in the premolar region 3.65 to 3.75 mm in height and width. When the bone height and width were compared gender and age wise for CI (central incisors), LI (lateral incisors), canine and premolars, using Student's t- test the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion For the purpose of harvesting autogenous bone, from the region of incisor and canine approximately 6.35 to 6.9 mm height and 7.4 to 8.1 mm width of bone may be harvested maintaining a safe distance from the apices of the teeth and the nasal floor. The premolar region does appear to yield sufficient bone at safe distances from the maxillary sinus and the apices of the premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joshi
- Department of Periodontics, HKE's S. N. Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - S Desai
- Department of Periodontics, HKE's S. N. Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - J A Mudda
- Department of Periodontics, HKE's S. N. Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - V A Patil
- Department of Periodontics, HKE's S. N. Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - M Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Li Y, Lou W, Grevel A, Böttinger L, Liang Z, Ji J, Patil VA, Liu J, Ye C, Hüttemann M, Becker T, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin-deficient cells have decreased levels of the iron-sulfur biogenesis protein frataxin. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11928-11937. [PMID: 32636300 PMCID: PMC7450130 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes, where it is synthesized locally and plays an important role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Previous studies in the yeast model have indicated that CL is required for optimal iron homeostasis, which is disrupted by a mechanism not yet determined in the yeast CL mutant, crd1Δ. This finding has implications for the severe genetic disorder, Barth syndrome (BTHS), in which CL metabolism is perturbed because of mutations in the CL-remodeling enzyme, tafazzin. Here, we investigate the effects of tafazzin deficiency on iron homeostasis in the mouse myoblast model of BTHS tafazzin knockout (TAZ-KO) cells. Similarly to CL-deficient yeast cells, TAZ-KO cells exhibited elevated sensitivity to iron, as well as to H2O2, which was alleviated by the iron chelator deferoxamine. TAZ-KO cells exhibited increased expression of the iron exporter ferroportin and decreased expression of the iron importer transferrin receptor, likely reflecting a regulatory response to elevated mitochondrial iron. Reduced activities of mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster enzymes suggested that the mechanism underlying perturbation of iron homeostasis was defective iron-sulfur biogenesis. We observed decreased levels of Yfh1/frataxin, an essential component of the iron-sulfur biogenesis machinery, in mitochondria from TAZ-KO mouse cells and in CL-deleted yeast crd1Δ cells, indicating that the role of CL in iron-sulfur biogenesis is highly conserved. Yeast crd1Δ cells exhibited decreased processing of the Yfh1 precursor upon import, which likely contributes to the iron homeostasis defects. Implications for understanding the pathogenesis of BTHS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenjia Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexander Grevel
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Böttinger
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zhuqing Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Vinay A Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Cunqi Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Shewale S, Shete AS, Doijad RC, Kadam SS, Patil VA, Yadav AV. Formulation and solid state characterization of nicotinamide-based co-crystals of fenofibrate. Indian J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:328-34. [PMID: 26180279 PMCID: PMC4502148 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.159669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation deals with formulation of nicotinamide-based co-crystals of fenofibrate by different methods and solid-state characterization of the prepared co-crystals. Fenofibrate and nicotinamide as a coformer in 1:1 molar ratio were used to formulate molecular complexes by kneading, solution crystallization, antisolvent addition and solvent drop grinding methods. The prepared molecular complexes were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and in vitro dissolution study. Considerable improvement in the dissolution rate of fenofibrate from optimized co-crystal formulation was due to an increased solubility that is attributed to the super saturation from the fine co-crystals is faster because of large specific surface area of small particles and prevention of phase transformation to pure fenofibrate. In vitro dissolution study showed that the formation of co-crystals improves the dissolution rate of fenofibrate. Nicotinamide forms the co-crystals with fenofibrate, theoretically and practically.
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Abstract
This review focuses on recent studies showing that cardiolipin (CL), a unique mitochondrial phospholipid, regulates many cellular functions and signaling pathways, both inside and outside the mitochondria. Inside the mitochondria, CL is a critical target of mitochondrial generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulates signaling events related to apoptosis and aging. CL deficiency causes perturbation of signaling pathways outside the mitochondria, including the PKC-Slt2 cell integrity pathway and the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, and is a key player in the cross-talk between the mitochondria and the vacuole. Understanding these connections may shed light on the pathology of Barth syndrome, a disorder of CL remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay A Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes, where it is synthesized locally and plays a critical role in mitochondrial bioenergetic functions. The importance of CL in human health is underscored by the observation that perturbation of CL biosynthesis causes the severe genetic disorder Barth syndrome. To fully understand the cellular response to the loss of CL, we carried out genome-wide expression profiling of the yeast CL mutant crd1Δ. Our results show that the loss of CL in this mutant leads to increased expression of iron uptake genes accompanied by elevated levels of mitochondrial iron and increased sensitivity to iron and hydrogen peroxide. Previous studies have shown that increased mitochondrial iron levels result from perturbations in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis. Consistent with an Fe-S defect, deletion of ISU1, one of two ISU genes that encode the mitochondrial Fe-S scaffolding protein essential for the synthesis of Fe-S clusters, led to synthetic growth defects with the crd1Δ mutant. We further show that crd1Δ cells have reduced activities of mitochondrial Fe-S enzymes (aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, and ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase), as well as cytosolic Fe-S enzymes (sulfite reductase and isopropylmalate isomerase). Increased expression of ATM1 or YAP1 did not rescue the Fe-S defects in crd1Δ. These findings show for the first time that CL is required for Fe-S biogenesis to maintain mitochondrial and cellular iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay A Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Angelini R, Vitale R, Patil VA, Cocco T, Ludwig B, Greenberg ML, Corcelli A. Lipidomics of intact mitochondria by MALDI-TOF/MS. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1417-25. [PMID: 22556215 PMCID: PMC3371254 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d026203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and fast method of lipid analysis of isolated intact mitochondria by means of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is described. Mitochondria isolated from bovine heart and yeast have been employed to set up and validate the new method of lipid analysis. The mitochondrial suspension is directly applied over the target and, after drying, covered by a thin layer of the 9-aminoacridine matrix solution. The lipid profiles acquired with this procedure contain all peaks previously obtained by analyzing the lipid extracts of isolated mitochondria by TLC and/or mass spectrometry. The novel procedure allows the quick, simple, precise, and accurate analysis of membrane lipids, utilizing only a tiny amount of isolated organelle; it has also been tested with intact membranes of the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans for its evolutionary link to present-day mitochondria. The method is of general validity for the lipid analysis of other cell fractions and isolated organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Angelini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Rita Vitale
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council (IMM-CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Vinay A. Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Bernd Ludwig
- Biocenter, Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Angela Corcelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, National Research Council (IPCF-CNR), Bari, Italy
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Varute AT, Patil VA. Histopathology of alimentary tract of rats infected by Moniliformis dubius Myer (Acanthocephala). 3. Changes in acid and alkaline phosphatases, -glucuronidase and esterase. Indian J Exp Biol 1972; 10:287-90. [PMID: 4659681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Varute AT, Patil VA. Histopathology of alimentary tract of rats infected by Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala), I. Histological alterations & changes in nuclei & mucopolysaccharide distribution. Indian J Exp Biol 1971; 9:195-9. [PMID: 4255233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Varute AT, Patil VA. Histochemical analysis of molluscan stomach and intestinal alkaline phosphatase: a sialoglycoprotein. Histochemie 1971; 25:77-90. [PMID: 5554989 DOI: 10.1007/bf00303949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Varute AT, Patil VA. Histoenzymorphology of beta-D-glucuronidase in cortical granules in oocytes of some representative vertebrates. Histochemie 1970; 23:107-15. [PMID: 5472878 DOI: 10.1007/bf00305843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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