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Ghosh R, Fatahian AN, Rouzbehani OMT, Hathaway MA, Mosleh T, Vinod V, Vowles S, Stephens SL, Chung SLD, Cao ID, Jonnavithula A, Symons JD, Boudina S. Sequestosome 1 (p62) mitigates hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:531-547. [PMID: 38332738 PMCID: PMC11060490 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. A major contributing factor to IHD-induced cardiac damage is hypoxia. Sequestosome 1 (p62) is a multi-functional adaptor protein with pleiotropic roles in autophagy, proteostasis, inflammation, and cancer. Despite abundant expression in cardiomyocytes, the role of p62 in cardiac physiology is not well understood. We hypothesized that cardiomyocyte-specific p62 deletion evokes hypoxia-induced cardiac pathology by impairing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult mice with germline deletion of cardiomyocyte p62 exhibited mild cardiac dysfunction under normoxic conditions. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a selective impairment in Nrf2 target genes in the hearts from these mice. Demonstrating the functional importance of this adaptor protein, adult mice with inducible depletion of cardiomyocyte p62 displayed hypoxia-induced contractile dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cell death. Mechanistically, p62-depleted hearts exhibit impaired Hif-1α and Nrf2 transcriptional activity. Because findings from these two murine models suggested a cardioprotective role for p62, mechanisms were evaluated using H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Loss of p62 in H9c2 cells exposed to hypoxia reduced Hif-1α and Nrf2 protein levels. Further, the lack of p62 decreased Nrf2 protein expression, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity. Repressed Nrf2 activity associated with heightened Nrf2-Keap1 co-localization in p62-deficient cells, which was concurrent with increased Nrf2 ubiquitination facilitated by the E3 ligase Cullin 3, followed by proteasomal-mediated degradation. Substantiating our results, a gain of p62 in H9c2 cells stabilized Nrf2 and increased the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 downstream targets. CONCLUSION Cardiac p62 mitigates hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction by stabilizing Hif-1α and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwary Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program (U2M2), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amir Nima Fatahian
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Omid M T Rouzbehani
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marissa A Hathaway
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tariq Mosleh
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Vishaka Vinod
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sidney Vowles
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sophie L Stephens
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Siu-Lai Desmond Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Isaac D Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anila Jonnavithula
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program (U2M2), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program (U2M2), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Singh T, Bhojaraju N, Vinod V, Anjali K, Shah S, Kumar N. Evaluation of microbial contamination in removable dental prosthesis at different time of usage. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:333-339. [PMID: 37854919 PMCID: PMC10581316 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_157_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The current study evaluates and compares the percentage distribution of different microorganisms according to their strains and occurrence among the three studied groups. Method and Methodology Sample of 30 removable dental prosthesis wearing patients was selected: wearing either complete dentures or partial dentures and without any significant medical history or on prescription medication for the past 3-6 months. Samples were obtained in three subcategories based on the duration of prostheses worn by the patient. A sterile swab made up of cotton moistened with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was scrubbed on the dental prosthesis at the fitting surfaces and the denture-bearing area of the oral cavity. Within two hours, the collected swab sample was infused in the sterile tube containing 1 ml of 0.84% PBS solution maintained at pH 7-7.2 and sent for microbiological analysis. The samples were then inoculated into different medias. Microbial growth was checked after incubating the culture plates for 48 h at 37°C. Microorganisms were recognized and counted by calibrated colony counter. Gram's stain was used to stain the colony smear and biochemical tests such as coagulase, catalase, oxidase, sugar fermentation with acid and gas production (triple sugar iron), methyl red test, test for indole production, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) production, citrate utilization, urease test, germ tube tests were performed. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics included calculation of means and standard deviation using multivariate analysis. All values were considered statistically significant for a value of P < 0.05. Results Streptococcus species, Coagulase-negative staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the maximum positive culture among the secluded microorganisms in all three groups. Conclusion A progressive increase in the microbial contamination was directly proportional to the duration of removable prosthesis usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rama Dental College and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandakishore Bhojaraju
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rama Dental College and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Vinod
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rama Dental College and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Anjali
- Department of Microbiology, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Mahe, Pondicherry, India
| | - Samsuddeen Shah
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rama Dental College and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rama Dental College and Research Centre, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fatahian AN, Ghosh R, Pires KM, MOSLEH TARIQ, Vinod V, Vowles S, Campbell KS, Symons JDD, Boudina S. Abstract MP248: Sequestrosome1/p62 Regulates Redox Homeostasis Via The Nrf2-keap1 Pathway In The Murine Heart. Circ Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/res.129.suppl_1.mp248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sequestosome1 (p62) is a multifunctional signaling molecule and an autophagy adaptor protein. Previous work demonstrated that mice with whole-body p62 knockout recapitulated many detrimental features of aging. Of note, these mice developed late onset obesity and systemic abnormalities that could have contributed to their aging phenotype. Multiple studies have also shown that cardiac dysfunction can be linked to an increase in oxidative stress. The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is critical for protection against oxidative stress and p62 has been shown to interact with Keap1, thus allowing Nrf2 activation to induce anti-oxidant responses. However, the role of p62 in the heart is not well known. We tested the hypothesis that p62 plays an important homeostatic role in the heart through the regulation of redox homeostasis via the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. Wild-type and cardiomyocytes-specific p62 knockout (cp62 KO) mice at 8 weeks and 60 weeks of age were used. At 8 weeks, cp62KO mice exhibited mild but significant contractile dysfunction compared to the wild-type controls. By 60 weeks, the KO mice developed cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and increased oxidative stress. cp62 KO hearts had decreased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and activation as evidenced by a 50% (p<0.005) reduction in the expression of the Nrf2 target glutathione S-transferase A4 (
Gsta2
) gene. These findings were further validated by transcriptomic analysis followed by KEGG pathway analysis, which indicated that redox pathways were altered in the 60-week p62 null hearts. To examine the mechanisms involved in p62 regulation of Nrf2-Keap signaling, we utilized rat cardiac H9c2 myoblasts. Loss of p62 using p62 siRNA in H9c2 cells resulted in decreased Nrf2 levels and increased oxidative stress. These pathological consequences of suppressing p62 could be attributed to increased Nrf2 degradation via the proteasome. Together, these results reveal a previously uncharacterized role for p62 in the maintenance of cardiac redox signaling in the mouse heart.
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Raj S, Vinod V, Jayakumar J, Suresh P, Kumar A, Biswas R. Antifungal activity of Syzygium samarangense leaf extracts against Candida. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:31-38. [PMID: 33735468 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida species are opportunistic human fungal pathogens that cause acute and chronic infections against which only few antifungal agents are available. Here we have elucidated the antifungal effect of Syzygium samarangense leaf extracts (SSLE). Antifungal activity of SSLE was studied against Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. auris and C. tropicalis. Following experiments were performed: minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) determination, agar well disc diffusion assays, fungal morphology analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM), ex vivo fungal survival assays on porcine tongue and skin and in vivo fungal survival assays using Drosophila melanogaster fly model. Results demonstrated MFC of SSLE ranges between 100 and 125 mg ml-1 . SEM images showed cell wall degradation of C. albicans when treated with SSLE. Around 75% decrease in C. albicans viability was observed when infected porcine tongue and skin were treated using SSLE. The C. albicans infected D. melanogaster when fed with SSLE showed significant decrease (around 80%) of fungal count than the infected control. Furthermore, agar plate disc diffusion assays demonstrated that the antifungal activity of SSLE could be due to chalcone, which is one of the active constituents in SSLE. Our study demonstrated that SSLE could be used for the topical treatment of Candida infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raj
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V Vinod
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - J Jayakumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - P Suresh
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - R Biswas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Mali CR, Patwardhan AW, Pandey G, Banerjee I, Vinod V. CFD study on the effect of various geometrical parameters of honeycomb type orifices on pressure drop and cavitation characteristics. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2020.110880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mali CR, Vinod V, Patwardhan AW. New methodology for modeling pressure drop and thermal hydraulic characteristics in long vertical boiler tubes at high pressure. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mali CR, Vinod V, Patwardhan AW. Comparison of phase interaction models for high pressure subcooled boiling flow in long vertical tubes. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vinod V, Sathishkumar S, Mourya R, Chandramouli S, Padmakumar G, Nashine B, Selvaraj P. Performance evaluation of decay heat removal system of PFBR with partial availability of air side dampers. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shahir V, Jawahar C, Suresh P, Vinod V. Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Common Rail Direct InjectionEngine Using Animal Fat Biodiesel Blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shivakumar N, Bekkenti N, Suresh Kumar S, Ravichandran N, Vinod V, Padmakumar G, Rajan K. Evaluation of hydraulic characteristics of core flow monitoring mechanism for PFBR. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sathishkumar S, Vinod V, Padmakumar G, Rajan K. Process optimisation of a liquid sodium economiser circuit. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Antony J, Saikia M, Vinod V, Nath LR, Katiki MR, Murty MSR, Paul A, Shabna A, Chandran H, Joseph SM, Kumar NS, Panakkal EJ, Sriramya IV, Sridivya IV, Ran S, Sankar S, Rajan E, Anto RJ. Corrigendum: DW-F5: A novel formulation against malignant melanoma from Wrightia tinctoria. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12662. [PMID: 26237232 PMCID: PMC4536531 DOI: 10.1038/srep12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Kannan K, Vinod V, Padmakumar G, Rudramoorthy R, Rajan K. Effect of geometric factors on performance of a sodium to air heat exchanger in a fast breeder reactor. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2014.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Babu MR, Rao CS, Ahmed ST, Bharat JSV, Rao NV, Vinod V. A comparative evaluation of the dimensional accuracy of heat polymerised PMMA denture base cured by different curing cycles and clamped by R S technique and conventional method - An In-vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2014; 6:68-75. [PMID: 24876705 PMCID: PMC4037793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of heat polymerized PMMA denture base clamped by the conventional method and by R.S technique and cured by a different curing cycle. MATERIALS & METHODS In this study, a total of 40 standardized maxillary record bases were fabricated with seven reference points: Point A - Incisive papilla, Point B & C - Canine region on either side, Point E & G - Midpoint of tuberosities on either side, Point F- Midpoint of the line joining the two tuberosities, Point D- Midpoint between the line joining A and F. Group A: Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by conventional clamping method and cured by long curing cycle. Group A1: Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by R.S tension clamping method and cured by long curing cycle. Group B: Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by conventional clamping method and cured by short curing cycle. Group B1: Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by R.S tension clamping method and cured by short curing cycle. The distances between the reference points i.e. A-B, A-C, A-D, D-F, B-E, C-G, E-F, F-G, B-D, D-G, CD, D-E of all three thermoplastic denture base plates were measured and recorded with the help of a travelling microscope and were used for comparison with the measured and recorded readings of processed acrylic denture bases. The data obtained was analyzed by using the One Way Analysis of Variance. RESULTS The overall results of the in vitro study indicate that among all the PMMA bases cured by the two clamping systems and the different curing cycle, group A` was the most dimensionally stable, followed by control group A, then followed by B` and B was most unstable. CONCLUSION The study concluded that the denture bases fabricated by the R.S Technique using the long curing cycle would produce the most dimensionally stable PMMA denture bases. How to cite the article: Babu MR, Rao CS, Ahmed ST, Bharat JS, Rao NV, Vinod V. A comparative evaluation of the dimensional accuracy of heat polymerised PMMA denture base cured by different curing cycles and clamped by R S technique and conventional method - An In-vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(2):68-75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandava Ramesh Babu
- Department of Conservative dentistry & Endodontics, Drs. Sudha & Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinnoutupalli, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - C Satyanageswar Rao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Syed Tauqheer Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - J S V Bharat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajanagaram, Rajamundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - N Venugopal Rao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Vinod
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Vinod V, Padmakrishnan CJ, Vijayan B, Gopala S. 'How can I halt thee?' The puzzles involved in autophagic inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2014; 82:1-8. [PMID: 24657238 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The strategy for interpreting the role of autophagy on the basis of evidence obtained through autophagic inhibition sounds logical, but is beset with practical constraints. The knock down of autophagy-related (ATG) gene(s) or blockage of class III PI3-Kinase are the most common approaches for inhibiting autophagy. However, during stressful conditions, autophagy may operate in synchrony with other processes such as apoptosis; autophagy-related genes, unlike what their name implies, exert their regulation on apoptosis as well. Knocking down such genes not only blocks autophagy but also renders apoptosis defective, making the interpretation of autophagic roles unreliable. Similarly, class III PI3-Kinase aids in initiating autophagy but it is not a quintessential autophagic regulator. Class III PI3-Kinase also has a role in regulating almost all membrane transport in cells. Blocking it not only inhibits autophagy, but also hampers all the membrane trades, including endosomal transport. The pharmacological inhibitors used to block autophagy by blocking class III PI3-Kinase further compound these limitations with their off-target effects. Knowing the limitations involved in blocking a target or using an autophagy-blocking tool is a prerequisite for designing the experiments meant for analyzing autophagic functions. This review attempts to provide a detailed overview about the practical constraints involved in using autophagic inhibition as a strategy to understand autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vinod
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - C J Padmakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Bejoy Vijayan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, India.
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Bharathi M, Babu KRM, Reddy G, Gupta N, Misuriya A, Vinod V. Partial Edentulism based on Kennedy's classifcation: an epidemiological study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:229-31. [PMID: 25095849 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of different Kennedy's classes of partial edentulism during 18 months period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were clinically examined for various Kennedy's classes of partial edentulism in the outpatient department (OPD), prosthodontics, GPRDCH, Kurnool (Andhra Pradesh). RESULTS Of the total 1,420 OPD patients, Kennedy's class III was the most frequent classification encountered (62%) and followed by Kennedy's class I (18%), class II (11%), and class IV (9%) in decreasing order. CONCLUSION The patients with various Kennedy's classes of partial edentulism can be offered various treatment modalities like removable cast partial dentures, fixed partial dentures, over dentures and implant supported dentures. This study can be crucial for screening the population for incidence of tooth loss as a factor of gender and age. Clinical significance: Tooth loss appears to have an important role in the loss of esthetics and mastication. Study of incidence of various classes of partial edentulism provides clinically useful information for dental training and continuing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bharathi
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, G Pulla Reddy Dental College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kethi Reddy Mahesh Babu
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, Meghna Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Giridhar Reddy
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, G Pulla Reddy Dental College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Gupta
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Education and Advanced Studies, Etawah Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Misuriya
- Reader, Department of Endodontics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - V Vinod
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Vinod V, Kumar A, Zachariah TJ. Isolation, characterization and identification of pericarp-degrading bacteria for the production of off-odour-free white pepper from fresh berries of Piper nigrum L. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:890-902. [PMID: 24387754 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To isolate, fermentatively evaluate and identify black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)-associated bacteria for the microbial decortication of fresh ripened berries and dried black pepper for preparation of off-odour-free white pepper. METHODS AND RESULTS Among 45 bacterial isolates obtained from black pepper, seven of them were found to decorticate black pepper (>60%) and fresh pepper berries (98-100%) into white pepper within 5 days of immersion in bacterial suspension. The 16S rRNA genes (1500-bp amplicon) of these bacteria were sequenced, and species identity was established by closest match in GenBank. Superior-quality white pepper was obtained with Bacillus subtilis (IISR WP 33, 34, 38), Bacillus licheniformis (IISR WP 43), Acinetobacter baumanii (IISR WP 35), Klebsiella pneumoniae (IISR WP 19) and Microbacterium barkeri (IISR WP25). The bacterial isolates were found to secrete multiple hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase, amylase, protease and xylanase. Bacterial cultures were deposited with International Depository Authority at Microbial Type Culture Collection, India, as patent deposits as prescribed in Budapest Treaty for microbial deposits. The white pepper, thus obtained from bacterial decortication process, was free from off-odour compound, especially skatole. Other biochemical constituents such as oleoresin, piperine and essential oils were found in the acceptable range. The bacterial decortication did not affect inherent constituents of pepper such as essential oil constituents, oleoresin and piperine content. CONCLUSION One of the most significant findings of the work is identification of specific bacterial species for decortication of fresh berries or black pepper berries into value-added white pepper. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work paved way for developing a technological process for microbial decortication of fresh/black pepper for the production of superior-quality white pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vinod
- Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, India
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Vinod V, Krishnakumar S, Punniyamoorthy R, Vijayakumar G, Chandramouli S, Padmakumar G, Nashine B, Rajan K. Experimental evaluation of safety grade decay heat removal in prototype fast breeder reactor. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gupta N, Reddy UN, Vasundhar PL, Ramarao KS, Varma KP, Vinod V. Effectiveness of desensitizing agents in relieving the pre- and postcementation sensitivity for full coverage restorations: a clinical evaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:858-865. [PMID: 24685788 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Patients frequently report sensitivity of prepared abutment teeth during the temporization period and after the fnal cementation of full coverage restoration. Purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of desensitizing agents in reducing the pre- and postcementation sensitivity for full coverage restorations and to compare the relative effcacy of three in offce applied desensitizing agents in relieving the postcementation sensitivity with the use of glass ionomer luting cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study consisted of 30 patients requiring either full coverage restoration or 3 unit fxed partial denture. Total of 40 restorations (n = 40) were made and were randomly assigned into four groups comprising 10 restoration (n = 10) in each group. Group C control where no desensitizer application was done, group BB applied with BisBlock dentin desensitizer (Bisco Inc.), group ST applied with Systemp desensitizer (Ivoclar Vivadent), group GC applied with GC Tooth Mousse desensitizer (GC Asia). Desensitizer application was done immediately after the tooth preparation. Sensitivity of the tested abutment was determined by the patient response to cold, hot and bite stimuli and were recorded on visual analog scale (VAS). Sensitivity level scores was evaluated at 4 time intervals, i.e. 1 week after desensitizer application at baseline precementation appointment and others at 5 minutes, 1 day and 1 week postcementation appointment. VAS score data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test. RESULTS BisBlock and GC Tooth Mousse desensitizer resulted in statistically signifcant (p < 0.01) reduction in postcementation sensitivity of glass ionomer cement in comparison to Systemp desensitizer at 5 minutes, 1 week postcementation time interval with no statistical difference was seen between all desensitizer groups at 1 day postcementation. Application of BisBlock and GC Tooth Mousse desensitizer resulted in highly signifcant (p < 0.01) reduction in sensitivity level at the end of 1 week. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Desensitizer's application on the prepared abutment teeth is considerably effective in relieving both pre- and postcementation sensitivity for full coverage restoration over the short duration of time. Immediate reduction in postoperative sensitivity relatively in a short time period may be benefcial in terms of patient's comfort. Nonetheless, multicenter long-term clinical trials should be conducted to confrm the results. CONCLUSION Efficacy of BisBlock and GC Tooth Mousse desensitizer was more in relieving the postcementation sensitivity of glass ionomer cement at various time intervals in comparison to Systemp desensitizer. In conclusion, application of desensitizers was beneficial to reduce the pre- and postcementation abutment sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Gupta
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dental Education and Advanced Studies, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Upendra Natha Reddy
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics G Pulla Reddy Dental College and Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - P Leela Vasundhar
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Sai Dental College and Research Institute, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - K Sita Ramarao
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajanmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kvv Pratap Varma
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - V Vinod
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, e-mail:
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Jayanthi N, Vinod V. Comparative evaluation of compressive strength and flexural strength of conventional core materials with nanohybrid composite resin core material an in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2013; 13:281-9. [PMID: 24431748 PMCID: PMC3732736 DOI: 10.1007/s13191-012-0236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several dental materials have been used for core build-up procedures. Most of these materials were not specifically developed for this purpose, but as a consequence of their properties, have found application in core build-up procedures. Improvements in composites and the development of nanocomposites have led to their use as a core build up material due to their superior mechanical properties, optical properties and ease of handling. However it is not clear if they have better mechanical properties than the conventional core build up materials like amalgam, GIC and dual cure composite core build up material. The strength of the core material is very important and this study was undertaken to compare the mechanical properties of materials used for direct core foundations. The differences between the compressive strength and flexural strength of Filtek Z350 nanocomposite with conventional core build up materials like Amalgam, Vitremer GIC and Fluorocore were tested. Cylindrical plexi glass split molds of dimension 6 ± 1 mm [height] x4 ± 1 mm [diameter] were used to fabricate 15 samples of each core material for testing the compressive strength and rectangular plexi glass split molds of dimension 25 ± 1 mm [length] x 2 ± 1 mm[height] x2 ± 1 mm [width] used for fabricating samples for flexural strength. The samples were stored a water bath at 250 °C for 24 h before testing. The samples were tested using a Universal Instron testing machine. The results of the study showed that Fluorocore had the highest compressive strength and flexural strength followed by Filtek Z350 [nanocomposite] Amalgam had the least flexural strength and Vitremer GIC had the least compressive strength. Thus flurocore and nanocomposite are stronger than other core build up materials and hence should be preferred over other conventional core build up materials in extensively damaged teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V. Vinod
- The Oxford Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, India
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Kumar TK, Thomas V, Nilawar S, Balamurugan R, Marwaha BS, Vinod V. A cephalometric study to determine the center of anteroposterior curve of occlusion in the cranium. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14:836-41. [PMID: 24685784 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proper management of the occlusal plane is an essential consideration when multiple long span posterior restorations are designed. When restorations are added to an existing tooth arrangement characterized by rotated, tipped or extruded teeth, excursive interferences may be incorporated. The curve of Spee which exists in natural dentition, allows harmony to exist between the anterior teeth and the condylar guidance. Broadrick fag or occlusal plane analyzer is used to assist in the reproduction of tooth morphology that is commensurate with the curve of Spee when posterior restorations are designed; its use prevents the introduction of protrusive interferences. The current study determines the relationship of the center of anteroposterior curve of occlusion in the cranium and its relationship to other cephalometric landmarks and also evaluates the relationship of anteroposterior curve of occlusion to the condyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Kiran Kumar
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Thomas
- Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, Vananchal Dental College, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sanjay Nilawar
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Krishnatheja Institute of Dental Sciences, Thirupathi
| | - R Balamurugan
- Reader, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Baldeep Singh Marwaha
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Vananchal Dental College, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - V Vinod
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Padmakumar G, Vinod V, Pandey G, Krishnakumar S, Chandramouli S, Vijaykumar G, Rajendra Prasad R, Mourya R, Madankumar P, Shanmugasundaram M, Ramakrishnan V, Meikandamurthy C, Rajan K. SADHANA facility for simulation of natural convection in the SGDHR system of PFBR. Progress in Nuclear Energy 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shankar T, Gowd S, Ahmed ST, Vinod V, Goud MV, Rao NV. A comparative evaluation of the dimensional accuracy of heat polymerized acrylic resin denture base clamped by the conventional method and by new-press technique and cured by long curing cycle: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13:842-9. [PMID: 23404014 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of heat polymerized acrylic resin denture base clamped by the conventional method and by new-press technique and cured by long curing cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a total of 60 standardized maxillary record bases were fabricated with seven reference points as follows: Point A: Incisive papilla, Point B and C: Canine region on either side Point E and G: Midpoint of tuberosities on either side Point F: Midpoint of the line joining the two tuberosities Point D: Midpoint between the line joining A and F. GROUP A Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by conventional clamping method and cured by long curing cycle. GROUP A': Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by New Press or RS tension clamping method and cured by long curing cycle. The distances between the reference points, i.e. A-B, A-C, A-D, D-F, B-E, C-G, E-F, F-G, B-D, D-G, C-D, D-E of all three thermoplastic denture base plates were measured and recorded with the help of travelling microscope and were used for comparison with the measured and recorded readings of processed acrylic denture bases. The data obtained was analyzed by using the one-way analysis of variance and HSD Multiple Comparison Test. RESULTS The overall results of the study indicate that among all the denture bases cured by the two clamping systems and the long curing cycle, group A' were the most dimensionally stable, followed by control group A. CONCLUSION The study concluded that the denture bases fabricated by the New Press method using the long curing cycle would produce the most dimensionally stable denture bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shankar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Babu MR, RaviKiran V, Vinod V, Saraswathi D, Rao VN. Comparative analysis for selection of resin luting cements based on filler content: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13:481-486. [PMID: 23151697 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Resin luting of all-ceramic restorations results in increased performance; however, the strengthening mechanism and the role of the mechanical properties of the resin are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of filler content on the flexural properties of resin luting agents and thereby selecting an appropriate resin luting cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three esthetic resin luting agents studied were Calibra (Dentsply); RelyX ARC and Panavia F. Ten beam-shaped specimen (L * W * H: 30 * 8 * 2 mm) were made for each of the material tests carried out. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C. The specimens were then tested for flexural strength (MPa) and flexural modulus (GPa) using the three-point bending method on a universal material testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA followed by post-hoc-Tukey's test with p < 0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS Increase in mean strength related to an associated increase in the elastic modulus which in turn was related to the filler loading of the resin luting cements. CONCLUSION Strength and performance of resin-cemented allceramic restoration can be enhanced by the use of a resin luting cement having increased filler content. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Resin-composite cements may be most suitable for adhesively bonded restorations, where margins are placed on supragingival enamel, and where ultimate strength and energy absorption are paramount. The selection criteria for a resin cement depends on its flexural strength. To a great extent, the flexural strength is dependent on the filler loading of the resin luting cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandava Ramesh Babu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Drs Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Chinoutpalli, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Vinod V, Tiwari PK, Meshram GP. Evaluation of mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil in the in vitro Ames Salmonella/microsome assay and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 134:931-937. [PMID: 21315815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The possible mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of neem oil (NO) and its DMSO extract (NDE) were, examined in the Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight different strains of Salmonella typhimurium were, used to study the genotoxicity of neem oil both in the presence and absence of Aroclor-1254 induced rat liver homogenate (S9). Two-dose treatment protocol was, employed to study the cytogenetic activity in micronucleus assay. Similarly, the antimutagenic activity of neem oil and NDE was studied against mitomycin (MMC) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in the above two test systems. RESULTS Neem oil was non-mutagenic in all the eight tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium both in the presence and absence of S9 mix. In the present study, there was no significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in neem oil treated groups over the negative control (DMSO) group of animals, indicating the non-clastogenic activity of neem oil in the micronucleus test. Neem oil showed good antimutagenic activity against DMBA induced mutagenicity compared to its DMSO extract. However, neem oil showed comparatively less antimutagenicity against MMC in the Ames assay. In vivo anticlastogenic assays shows that neem oil exhibited better activity against DMBA induced clastogenicity. CONCLUSION These results indicate non-mutagenic activity of neem oil and significant antimutagenic activity of neem oil suggesting its pharmacological importance for the prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vinod
- Microbiology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474 002, India.
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Vinod V, Sridharan R. Development and analysis of scheduling decision rules for a dynamic flexible job shop production system: a simulation study. IJBPM 2009. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbpm.2009.023800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the various modalities of therapy available for the treatment of vitiligo, a combination of psoralen + ultraviolet A (PUVA) with autologous epidermal grafting appears to offer the best results. The erbium YAG laser can be used to prepare the recipient site in both punch grafting and suction blister grafting. METHODS In this study 29 subjects, 26 with localized and three with generalized stable vitiligo, had received pregrafting PUVA and underwent further PUVA starting 2 weeks after surgery until maximal pigmentation was achieved. The erbium YAG laser was used on 16 subjects; the recipient site for punch grafting was prepared with laser and minigrafts harvested by manual punch were placed into the prepared sites. For suction blister grafting, the site was dermabraded with a laser and the harvested blister roof (created using suction apparatus) was transplanted on to the site. RESULTS More than two-thirds (68.75%) of the subjects who were punch grafted using a laser showed repigmentation of more than 75%, but only one-half of those who underwent conventional punch grafting showed a similar response. All subjects with laser-assisted suction blister grafting showed a good response, compared with only 60% of those who underwent conventional suction blister grafting. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained with laser-assisted grafting are more satisfactory than those achieved with conventional grafting techniques. We found that the repigmentation zones are larger (up to 9 mm in the former vs. 3 mm in the latter) and cobblestoning does not occur with laser-assisted grafting. Also, the procedure is precise, relatively atraumatic and can be performed rapidly even when covering vast areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Pai
- Department of Dermatology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.
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Manjunath R, Kamath KN, Pai GS, Pinto J, Vinod V. Modified Active Surveillance System (MASS); a novel clinicopathological evaluation of PB leprosy patients after RFT, in Mangalore, India. LEPROSY REV 2001; 72:50-6. [PMID: 11355518 DOI: 10.5935/0305-7518.20010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current recommendations for leprosy control programmes include stopping active surveillance in view of the very low relapse rates and a phased integration of leprosy services with the general health services. Passive surveillance may not be adequate, more so because of the introduction of newer, shorter drug regimens. This study is an effort to evolve a modified active surveillance, which is cost-effective, simple and also a novel substitute for the increased workload caused by the dwindling number of PMWS. One thousand one hundred RFT-PB leprosy patients were recalled for a review under the Modified Active Surveillance System (MASS), carried out over two phases. Patients were divided into groups as per the mode of response to the mailed postcards; Responders (patients who reported to the OPD in person), Untraceables (patients whose postcards returned back) and non-responders (patients who did not report of the OPD after receiving the mail). At the end of phase I, we had 120 Responders, 480 Untraceables and 500 Non-responders. In phase II, which began 2 months later, the 500 non-responders were dispatched reminders. In this phase, there were 31 responders, 60 untraceables and 409 non-responders. Thus, at the completion of phases I and II, there were 151 responders, 540 untraceables and 409 non-responders. Of the 151 patients examined, 71 had no complaints (category 1), 41 had fresh leprosy-related complaints (category IIA), 14 had fresh leprosy-unrelated complaints (category IIB) and 25 had persistence of old complaints (category III). Cumulative PYR of the 151 patients was 1155.42. Forty-one patients had fresh leprosy-related complaints. Skin biopsy was done in the 17 patients with fresh skin patches, of whom four showed histopathological evidence of relapse. Relapse rate in our study was 0.35/100 PYR. Mean duration after RFT at relapse was 4.9 years. Our scepticism towards passive surveillance systems is justified by these 41 patients with fresh leprosy-related complaints, who voluntarily reported only after receiving the postcards. We recommend the introduction of a phase III, wherein the services of PMWs may be used to contact the 409 patients who remained unresponsive at the completion of phases I and II. We also recommend the introduction of a universal format for recording addresses of all new patients, which would be of immense help in patient retrieval in all such surveillance systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manjunath
- Department of Skin & Sexually Transmitted Disease, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575 001, India
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