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von Gönner J, Gröning J, Grescho V, Neuer L, Gottfried B, Hänsch VG, Molsberger-Lange E, Wilharm E, Liess M, Bonn A. Citizen science shows that small agricultural streams in Germany are in a poor ecological status. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171183. [PMID: 38408653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticides, nutrients, and habitat degradation are major causes of insect declines in lowland streams. To effectively conserve and restore stream habitats, standardized stream monitoring data and societal support for freshwater protection are needed. Here, we sampled 137 small stream monitoring sites across Germany, 83 % of which were located in agricultural catchments, with >900 citizen scientists in 96 monitoring groups. Sampling was carried out according to Water Framework Directive standards as part of the citizen science freshwater monitoring program FLOW in spring and summer 2021, 2022 and 2023. The biological indicator SPEARpesticides was used to assess pesticide exposure and effects based on macroinvertebrate community composition. Overall, 58 % of the agricultural monitoring sites failed to achieve a good ecological status in terms of macroinvertebrate community composition and indicated high pesticide exposure (SPEARpesticides status class: 29 % "moderate", 19 % "poor", 11 % "bad"). The indicated pesticide pressure in streams was related to the proportion of arable land in the catchment areas (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.001). Also with regards to hydromorphology, monitoring results revealed that 65 % of the agricultural monitoring sites failed to reach a good status. The database produced by citizen science groups was characterized by a high degree of accuracy, as results obtained by citizen scientists and professionals were highly correlated for SPEARpesticides index (R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001) and hydromorphology index values (R2 = 0.72, p < 0.001). Such citizen-driven monitoring of the status of watercourses could play a crucial role in monitoring and implementing the objectives of the European Water Framework Directive, thus contributing to restoring and protecting freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Gönner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department Biodiversity and People, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburgerstr.159, 07743 Jena, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jonas Gröning
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Volker Grescho
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department Biodiversity and People, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilian Neuer
- Friends of the Earth Germany e.V. (BUND), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 5, 10553 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Veit G Hänsch
- Saaletreff Jena, Beutnitzer Straße 5, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Molsberger-Lange
- Adolf-Reichwein-Schule, Heinrich-von-Kleist-Straße 14, 65549 Limburg an der Lahn, Germany
| | - Elke Wilharm
- Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Salzdahlumer Straße 46/48, 38302 Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Ecology & Computational Life Science, Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department Biodiversity and People, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburgerstr.159, 07743 Jena, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Jandt U, Bruelheide H, Jansen F, Bonn A, Grescho V, Klenke RA, Sabatini FM, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Blüml V, Dengler J, Diekmann M, Doerfler I, Döring U, Dullinger S, Haider S, Heinken T, Horchler P, Kuhn G, Lindner M, Metze K, Müller N, Naaf T, Peppler-Lisbach C, Poschlod P, Roscher C, Rosenthal G, Rumpf SB, Schmidt W, Schrautzer J, Schwabe A, Schwartze P, Sperle T, Stanik N, Storm C, Voigt W, Wegener U, Wesche K, Wittig B, Wulf M. More losses than gains during one century of plant biodiversity change in Germany. Nature 2022; 611:512-518. [PMID: 36261519 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long-term analyses of biodiversity data highlight a 'biodiversity conservation paradox': biological communities show substantial species turnover over the past century1,2, but changes in species richness are marginal1,3-5. Most studies, however, have focused only on the incidence of species, and have not considered changes in local abundance. Here we asked whether analysing changes in the cover of plant species could reveal previously unrecognized patterns of biodiversity change and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms. We compiled and analysed a dataset of 7,738 permanent and semi-permanent vegetation plots from Germany that were surveyed between 2 and 54 times from 1927 to 2020, in total comprising 1,794 species of vascular plants. We found that decrements in cover, averaged across all species and plots, occurred more often than increments; that the number of species that decreased in cover was higher than the number of species that increased; and that decrements were more equally distributed among losers than were gains among winners. Null model simulations confirmed that these trends do not emerge by chance, but are the consequence of species-specific negative effects of environmental changes. In the long run, these trends might result in substantial losses of species at both local and regional scales. Summarizing the changes by decade shows that the inequality in the mean change in species cover of losers and winners diverged as early as the 1960s. We conclude that changes in species cover in communities represent an important but understudied dimension of biodiversity change that should more routinely be considered in time-series analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Jandt
- Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. .,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Florian Jansen
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmhotz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Grescho
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmhotz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhard A Klenke
- Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Francesco Maria Sabatini
- Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Dengler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Vegetation Ecology Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland.,Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Inken Doerfler
- Vegetation Science and Nature Conservation Group, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ute Döring
- Independent researcher, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Horchler
- Department of Vegetation Studies and Landscape Management, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Gisbert Kuhn
- Institut für Agrarökologie und Biologischen Landbau, AG Vegetationsökologie und -monitoring, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Lindner
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Katrin Metze
- Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Energie, Klimaschutz und Umwelt des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Müller
- Department of Landscape Management & Restoration Ecology, Fachhochschule Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Cord Peppler-Lisbach
- Landscape Ecology Group, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Peter Poschlod
- Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gert Rosenthal
- Department of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Sabine B Rumpf
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Angelika Schwabe
- Faculty of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Peter Schwartze
- Biologische Station Kreis Steinfurt e.V., Tecklenburg, Germany
| | | | - Nils Stanik
- Department of Landscape and Vegetation Ecology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Christian Storm
- Fachgebiet Chemische Pflanzenökologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Winfried Voigt
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Wegener
- Independent researcher, Halberstadt, Germany
| | - Karsten Wesche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Botany Department, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany.,International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Zittau, Germany
| | - Burghard Wittig
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Lower Saxony Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation Agency, Betriebsstelle Lüneburg, Standort Verden, Verden, Germany
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Eichenberg D, Bowler DE, Bonn A, Bruelheide H, Grescho V, Harter D, Jandt U, May R, Winter M, Jansen F. Widespread decline in Central European plant diversity across six decades. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 27:1097-1110. [PMID: 33326165 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on plant occurrence data covering all parts of Germany, we investigated changes in the distribution of 2136 plant species between 1960 and 2017. We analyzed 29 million occurrence records over an area of ~350,000 km2 on a 5 × 5 km grid using temporal and spatiotemporal models and accounting for sampling bias. Since the 1960s, more than 70% of investigated plant species showed declines in nationwide occurrence. Archaeophytes (species introduced before 1492) most strongly declined but also native plant species experienced severe declines. In contrast, neophytes (species introduced after 1492) increased in their nationwide occurrence but not homogeneously throughout the country. Our analysis suggests that the strongest declines in native species already happened in the 1960s-1980s, a time frame in which often few data exist. Increases in neophytic species were strongest in the 1990s and 2010s. Overall, the increase in neophytes did not compensate for the loss of other species, resulting in a decrease in mean grid cell species richness of -1.9% per decade. The decline in plant biodiversity is a widespread phenomenon occurring in different habitats and geographic regions. It is likely that this decline has major repercussions on ecosystem functioning and overall biodiversity, potentially with cascading effects across trophic levels. The approach used in this study is transferable to other large-scale trend analyses using heterogeneous occurrence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eichenberg
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diana E Bowler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Volker Grescho
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Harter
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rudolf May
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Jansen
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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