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Borai A, Ichihara K, Tamimi W, Masaud A, Sobki S. Establishment of reference intervals for free light chains and immunoglobulins in Saudi population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:522-529. [PMID: 37787915 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Testing of serum-free light chains kappa (κ) and lambda (λ), along with ratio (FLCR) is essential for the diagnosis and management of monoclonal gammopathies. Accurate clinical diagnosis depends upon appropriate local population reference intervals (RIs). This study examined the Saudi population for serum-free light chains and other immunoglobulins to establish RIs and to explore variations in the test results by using the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine's global protocol for harmonized implementation of RI study. METHODS A total of 180 healthy Saudi adults were recruited. All serum samples were assayed using the Freelite reagents from the Binding Site. The variation in reference values attributable to sex, age, BMI, and region was calculated by ANOVA as a standard deviation ratio (SDR). The RIs for the FLCR were derived by the parametric method and validated by using samples from patients with hypo- and hypergammaglobulinemia. RESULTS The new RIs for free κ and FLCR were shifted to a higher side from the manufacturer-adapted RIs. Based on the SDR cutoff value (>0.4), between-sex partition RIs were not required for all analytes except IgM. Validation using patients with hypo- or hypergammaglobulinemia and without multiple myeloma, was all within the new RI. BMI, smoking, and exercise were not relevant sources of variation for any analyte. CONCLUSIONS Locally derived RIs for free light chains and immunoglobulins analytes specific for Saudis were established after careful consideration of various factors. These RIs were more reliable than those provided as guidance by the manufacturer, or from other countries, for appropriate classification and prediction of disease progression for Saudi patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Borai
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiyoshi Ichihara
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Masaud
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia Sobki
- Central Military Laboratory & Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Borai A, Ichihara K, Bahijri S, Almasoud A, Tamimi W, Abdulhadi W, Lingga J, Bawazeer A, Abdelaal M, Boraie S, Alsofyani A, Elsayid M, Sannan NS, Al-Shareef AS, Khan E, Almohammadi M. Establishment of reference intervals for hematological parameters of adult population in the western region of Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281494. [PMID: 36753498 PMCID: PMC9907849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of hematology laboratories in Saudi Arabia utilize the reference intervals (RIs) provided by instrument manufacturers. This study aimed to define RIs of hematological parameters for adult population in the western region of Saudi Arabia and to explore their specific features from an international perspective. METHOD This study was conducted according to the harmonized protocol of IFCC Committee on RIs and Decision Limits. Blood samples collected from 409 healthy Saudi males and females adults were analyzed for complete blood count (CBC) by using Cell-Dyn Sapphire analyzer and for iron profile by using Architect analyzers. The needs for RIs partitioned by sex and age was based on standard deviation ratio (SDR) and/or bias ratio (BR). RIs were derived parametrically with/without application of the latent abnormal values exclusion method (LAVE). RESULTS Based on thresholds of SDR≥0.4 and/or BR≥0.57, RIs were partitioned by sex for red-blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell distribution width, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, iron, transferrin, ferritin, eosinophil, platelet, plateletcrit, etc. Partitioning by age was not necessary for any of the analytes. LAVE procedure caused appreciable changes in RI limits for most erythrocyte and iron parameters but not for leukocyte parameters. Comparable to other non-IFCC studies on CBC RIs, the RBC and hematocrit (Ht) ranges have shifted to a higher side in both genders. After applying the LAVE method, the male and female RIs for Hb were 4.56 to 6.22 ×106/μL and 3.94 to 5.25 ×106/μL respectively while RIs for Ht were 40.2 to 52.0% and 33.6 to 44.5% respectively. CONCLUSION LAVE method contributed to reducing the influence of latent anemia in deriving RIs for erythrocyte related parameters. Using the up-to-date methods, the RIs of CBC determined specifically for Saudis will help to improve the interpretation of test results in medical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Borai
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kiyoshi Ichihara
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry–Faculty of Medicine- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Almasoud
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail Abdulhadi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamil Lingga
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Bawazeer
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdelaal
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultanah Boraie
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Alsofyani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohieldin Elsayid
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif S. Sannan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Al-Shareef
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Khan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almohammadi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Albloui F, John J, Alghamdi O, Alseraye F, Alqahtani A, Tamimi W, Albloshi A, Aldakheel FM, Mateen A, Syed R. Effect of hematocrit, galactose and ascorbic acid on the blood glucose readings of three point-of-care glucometers. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2022; 82:563-570. [PMID: 36332153 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2022.2138779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glucometers are commonly used in a variety of healthcare settings and use in critically ill patients should not be assumed without appropriate tool validation. The study objective was to evaluate the accuracy of three point-of-care glucometers (POCGs) to assess glucose concentration in human blood sample. The POCGs tested included three different instruments and utilized three factors (hematocrit [Hct], galactose and ascorbic acid) in glucose measurements to determine the glucometers' accuracy and compared to the reference laboratory biochemical analyzer (Cobs 8000, Roche, Basal, Switzerland). In this study, the Nova StatStrip glucometer showed no significant variation compared to the laboratory method at high glucose level with various Hct%. ACCU-Chek Inform II overestimated the glucose results at Hct 22% and underestimated at Hct 62%. The Freestyle glucometer showed lower glucose levels compared to the Cobas 8000 at Hct 62%. The ACCU-Check showed significant increase of blood glucose with low Hct% levels when compared to the laboratory method. The Freestyle showed a decreased level of glucose with high Hct 62% interference compared to the Cobas 8000. Galactose interference 100 and 200 mg/dL dramatically affected the accuracy of ACCU-Chek Inform II. Nevertheless, among all three POCGs in this study, the Nova StatStrip showed the most reliable and stable results for glucose level in the presence of interference. Especially, those in critical care units, whereas the Freestyle Precision Pro and ACCU-Chek Inform II were insufficiently accurate for critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Albloui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - James John
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Science, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Osama Alghamdi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alseraye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kind Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alqahtani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Albloshi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Mateen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabbani Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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AlMuhaidib S, AlBuhairan F, Tamimi W, AlDubayee M, AlAqeel A, Babiker A, AlFaraidi H, AlJuraibah F, Badri M, Al Alwan I. Prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidemia among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16888. [PMID: 36207522 PMCID: PMC9547070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Screening for dyslipidemia at an early age is essential to prevent and control its consequences. This study aimed to determine prevalence of dyslipidemia and its correlates among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Data of 5854 adolescents aged 10–19 years from all 13 regions of Saudi Arabia were obtained from the Jeeluna study; a national cross-sectional, multistage stratified cluster sample survey. Dyslipidemia was defined based on the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines for adolescents. We found that a quarter of Saudi adolescents have dyslipidemia (males: 33.3%, females: 17.9%). Significant variation was observed by region (p < 0.001). Prevalence of abnormal Total Cholesterol was 6.7%, LDL-C 7.1%, HDL-C 12.8%, Non-HDL-C 8.3%, and Triglycerides 9.6%. Factors independently associated with dyslipidemia were male gender (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.78–2.70, p < 0.001), BMI (underweight OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.69–0.94, overweight OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.50–2.06, obese OR = 2.80, 95% CI 2.34–3.34, p < 0.001, vs. normal) and serum ferritin (high OR = 7.02, 95% CI 1.49–34.79, low OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.67–1.01, p = 0.04 vs. normal) and ≥ 1 daily intake of carbonated beverage (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.00–1.20, p = 0.03 vs. no or not daily intake). Public health interventions for improving lipid profile of adolescents are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadan AlMuhaidib
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadia AlBuhairan
- Health Sector Transformation Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlDubayee
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel AlAqeel
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Babiker
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa AlFaraidi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad AlJuraibah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motasim Badri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim Al Alwan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alabdullatif M, Hazizi A, Alsadoon A, Albloui F, Hawsawi Y, Alseraye F, Tamimi W. W137 Comparison of two RT PCR methods with two different genes for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). Clin Chim Acta 2022. [PMCID: PMC9182948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Alfadda N, Alrifdah K, Beth L, Alseraye F, Albloui F, Haider S, Alsughyyir A, Tamimi W. W206 Comparison of COBAS immunoassay with HPLC methods among Saudi diabetic population. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Albogami M, Alotaibi B, Alotaibi M, Alotaibi R, Alahmed M, Tamimi W. T202 Evaluation and characterization of hospitalized patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Alqahtani A, Alghamdi O, Alseraye F, Saweed O, Albloui F, Alqahtani M, Abodahish M, Alshehry Z, Tamimi W. T112 Accuracy assessment of three different glucometers used at the point of care testing (POCT) by using potential interferences. Clin Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Al Alwan I, Alfaraidi H, Al Juraibah F, Al Dubayee M, Babiker A, Tamimi W, Musalli D, Alsheikh M, Badri M. Timing of Puberty and Late Pubertal Height in Saudi Schoolboys: Riyadh Puberty Study II. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:4343596. [PMID: 36311910 PMCID: PMC9613388 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4343596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Puberty has a significant contribution to the final height. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the normal variations in the onset and tempo of puberty in a specific population. In this study, we aimed to provide normative data on the timing of puberty and late pubertal height (LPH) in Saudi schoolboys in Riyadh. METHODS This is a cross-sectional field study (2011-2013) including Saudi schoolboys (grades 1-12; aged 6 to 19 years). Schools were chosen to represent the population from urban and rural areas in the Riyadh region. Pubertal maturity staging for gonads was assessed by measuring testicular size using a Prader orchidometer and assessing the Tanner staging of pubic hair. The marginal mean age was calculated using regression analysis. RESULTS We recruited 1086 schoolboys. The estimated mean age of pubertal onset at G2 was 11.8 (95% CI 11.60-12.0) years, for gonadal development at G3 was 13.2 (95% CI 12.9-13.5), G4 = 15.0 (95% CI 14.7-15.2), and G5 = 16.1 (95% CI 15.9-16.3) years, and for pubic hair stage 2 (PH2) was 12.6 (95% CI 12.4-12.9) years. The estimated time from G2/PH2 to G5/PH5 was 4.3 and 3.9 years, respectively. At the onset of puberty, the mean height was 144.7 cm and it reached 167.8 cm at G5 with a pubertal height gain of 23.1 cm. CONCLUSION Our data present the norms of the timing of puberty and LPH in Saudi schoolboys. Saudi adolescent males are shorter than some European and American comparatives mainly due to shortness during childhood. However, they could have shorter LPH than Turkish, Greek, Thai, and Japanese due to a less pubertal height gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al Alwan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Alfaraidi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al Juraibah
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Al Dubayee
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Babiker
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Musalli
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical city, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alsheikh
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motasim Badri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alzahrani N, Alouffi S, Almutairi K, Almutairi M, Almutairi T, Alwan IA, Otaibi N, Tamimi W. Can Fasting Blood Sugar be Used as an Indicator of Long-Term Diabetic Control Instead of Estimated Average Glucose? Clin Lab 2021; 66. [PMID: 33337826 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that is a worldwide issue. HbA1c has been used to monitor glycemic control in patients with diabetes for many years. Although HbA1c measurement is needed for calculating estimated average blood glucose (eAG), it is now recommended that eAG is used instead of HbA1c for expression of blood glucose control and communication with patients and health care providers. This study, investigated fasting blood glucose (FBS) as an indicator of overall chronic blood sugar control by assessing the correlation between FBS with eAG derived from HbA1c. METHODS The blood samples for HbA1c assay were collected in EDTA tubes and were analyzed by an HPLC analyzer (G8 Tosoh, Japan). Blood samples for FBS were collected in serum separator tubes, transported, and centrifuged for 15 minutes at 3,000 g. FBS levels were determined in serum samples with the enzymatic hexokinase method by a clinical chemistry analyzer (Architect 8000, Abbott, USA). RESULTS Statistical analysis was performed on 1,740 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with HbA1c levels above 6.5 mmol/L. The difference between FBS (9.3 ± 3.7 mmol/L) and eAG (11.14 ± 2.7 mmol/L) was statistically signif-icant (p < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient between FBS and eAG was r = 0.65 (95% CI; 0.62 - 0.69), with a p-value < 0.0001. While the correlation coefficient between FBS and eAG at HbA1c < 6.5% was r = 0.251 (95% CI, 0.16 - 0.34), with a significant p-value of < 0.00001. The combined data, standard deviation (SD), median, and interquartile range of eAG and FBS for all of the diabetic groups (n = 2,315), were 10.1 ± 3.00 mmol/L, 9.5 mmol/L, and 7.75 - 12.03 mmol/L for eAG, respectively. Similarly, these values were 8.5 ± 3.6 mmol/L, 7.5 mmol/L, and 6.0 - 10.00 mmol/L for FBS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that there is a moderate and significant positive correlation between fasting blood sugar and the estimated average blood glucose derived from HbA1c. Although FBS might be helpful for daily monitoring of diabetes. Further studies must be conducted to provide solid results to support that FBS and its derived variable eAG can replace HbA1c as an indicator of long-term overall control of T2DM patients.
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Al Shaikh A, Farahat F, Abaalkhail B, Kaddam I, Aseri K, Al Saleh Y, Al Qarni A, Al Shuaibi A, Tamimi W. Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight among School-Aged Children in Saudi Arabia and Its Association with Vitamin D Status. Acta Biomed 2020; 91:e2020133. [PMID: 33525269 PMCID: PMC7927516 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4.10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a significant global public health problem. Worldwide data showed an increasing trend over the years. We aimed to explore the prevalence of obesity, and its association with vitamin D status. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from 2016 to 2017. The study included 3613 schoolchildren aged 6-19 years in the western, central, and eastern regions in Saudi Arabia. Anthropometric data including age, sex and body mass index (BMI) was collected and the serum 25OH- vitamin D (25OHD) was measured. Age-sex standardized BMI Z-scores using the 2007 World Health Organization growth standards were applied. RESULTS Data from 3613 school-aged children (females = 51.8%), with equal percentage of participants from each region were analyzed. Prevalence of obesity and overweight was estimated at 7.1% and 14.4% respectively. An increasing trend was detected with age (p: 0.006). Obesity started to increase at the age of 10 years and continued to increase until 19 years. Most of the obese children (64.2%) had deficient vitamin D levels, compared to 33.7% of them with suboptimal levels and only 2.0% with optimal levels (p: <0.001). CONCLUSIONS This large cohort study revealed a high prevalence (21.5%) of obesity and overweight in school children aged between 6-19 years with increasing trend with age. Children with high BMI showed extremely high prevalence of VDD and VDI. These findings are alarming and point to the need for effective national interventions that include improving and encouraging access to physical activity and exposure to sunlight, educational activities for students, parents, and schoolteachers and possible enrichment of staple food with vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Al Shaikh
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | - Yousef Al Saleh
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences - Riyadh.
| | - Ali Al Qarni
- Al Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, MNGHA - Dammam.
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Borai A, Ichihara K, Masaud A, Tamimi W, Bahijri S, Armbuster D, Kawano R, Baarmah Z, Joatar F, Almohammadi M. Establishment of reference intervals for immunoassay analytes of adult population in Saudi Arabia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:1302-1313. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This is a second part of report on the IFCC global multicenter study conducted in Saudi Arabia to derive reference intervals (RIs) for 20 immunoassay analytes including five tumor makers, five reproductive, seven other hormones and three vitamins.
Methods
A total of 826 apparently healthy individuals aged ≥18 years were recruited in three clinical laboratories located in western, central and eastern Saudi Arabia using the protocol specified for the global study. All serum specimens were measured using Abbott, Architect analyzers. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) was performed to explore sources of variation of each analyte: age, body mass index (BMI), physical exercise and smoking. The magnitude of variation of reference values (RVs) attributable to sex, age and region was calculated by ANOVA as a standard deviation ratio (SDR). RIs were derived by the parametric (P) method.
Results
MRA revealed that region, smoking and exercise were not relevant sources of variation for any analyte. Based on SDR and actual between-sex differences in upper limits (ULs), we chose to partition RIs by sex for all analytes except for α-fetoprotein and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Age-specific RIs were required in females for ferritin, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, follitropin, luteotropin and prolactin (PRL). With prominent BMI-related increase, RIs for insulin and C-peptide were derived after excluding individuals with BMI > 32 kg/m2. Individuals taking vitamin D supplements were excluded in deriving RIs for vitamin D and PTH.
Conclusions
RIs of major immunoassay analytes specific for Saudi Arabians were established in careful consideration of various biological sources of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Borai
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiyoshi Ichihara
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine , Ube , Japan
| | - Abdulaziz Masaud
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - David Armbuster
- Global Scientific Affairs, Abbott Diagnostics , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Reo Kawano
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine , Ube , Japan
| | - Ziad Baarmah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Joatar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almohammadi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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Alouffi S, Khan MWA, Alotabi N, Alsuggyair A, Alhassan I, Al Alwan I, Al Banyan E, Al-Twaijri YA, Tamim H, Al-Hussein F, Aljasser S, Alfwaz H, Tamimi W. Correlations between Direct and Calculated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Measurements in Children and Adolescents. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23236. [PMID: 32125729 PMCID: PMC7307368 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), as a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, should be assessed and monitored. This study compared directly measured and Friedewald‐estimated LDL‐C values in children and adolescents. Methods Blood samples were collected from 464 children and adolescents. Calculated LDL‐C (CLDL‐C) levels were estimated using the Friedewald formula for any triglyceride value below 4.6 mmol/L. Direct LDL‐C (DLDL‐C) levels were measured on an ARCHITECT c8000 Abbott Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. The differences in LDL‐C were then calculated. Results The correlation coefficients (R) between DLDL‐C and CLDL‐C were 0.978 (P = .148) and R = 0.970 (P = .052) for children and adolescents, respectively. Children with LDL‐C values above 4.92 mmol/L had a correlation value of 0.971 (P = .419). The correlation and agreement between DLDL‐C and CLDL‐C in adolescents were moderate for LDL‐C below 2.85 mmol/L (R = 0.806; 84.1%) and improved above 2.85 mmol/L (R = 0.978; 91.5%). In children, good correlations between DLDL‐C and CLDL‐C were observed for normal (<0.85 mmol/L), borderline (0.85‐1.12 mmol/L), and abnormal (≥1.13 mmol/L) triglyceride levels (R = 0.9782, 0.990, and 0.951, respectively). The rates of agreement were better for normal (80.5%) and borderline (82.9%) but not abnormal (68.2%) triglyceride levels. Conclusion We observed good agreement between DLDL‐C and CLDL‐C in both children and adolescents. The Friedewald formula provided an adequate estimate of LDL‐C for most fasting specimens. LDL‐C difference percentage can also be used as a quality indicator to check laboratory analyzer performance in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alotabi
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alsuggyair
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram Alhassan
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al Alwan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Al Banyan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin A Al-Twaijri
- Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Tamim
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Hussein
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salih Aljasser
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alfwaz
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alouffi S, Alsalloom A, Alharbi M, Khan W, Tamimi W. Assessment of Relationship between Galectin-3 and Biochemical Parameters in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. J Clin Diagn Res 2020. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2020/44534.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular complications are considered as the main cause of mortality in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) includes disorders of the Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) of the heart which is the most frequent cardiac alteration in ESRD. Galectin-3 (GAL-3), a β-galactoside-binding protein has been proposed to be a new clinical biomarker that reflects cardiac fibrosis in patients with Heart Failure (HF). Aim: To evaluate the relationship between GAL-3 and biochemical parameters in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) patients with and without LVH. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 45 patients (25 women and 20 men) with ESRD who were categorised as having CVD with (n=12) or without (n=33) LVH. Demographic, biochemical and clinical characteristics of 45 patients were analysed. The relationship of plasma GAL-3 levels was analysed with the biochemical parameters for both the groups of patients. For comparison between groups, Student unpaired t-test was used for the data of normal distribution while Mann-Whitney test was used for data of non-Gaussian distribution. Pearson’s correlation test was performed to examine various correlations. Results: Significantly high number (83.3%) of female patients were observed in ESRD with LVH. The groups did not differ significantly in their demographic, and biochemical and clinical parameters. There was significant increase in Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Diameters (LVEDD), Left Ventricular (LV) mass and LV mass index in patients with LVH as compared to the patients without LVH. The levels of GAL-3 showed slight increase (91±23.98 ng/mL) levels in LVH patients as compared to the patients without LVH (83.68±32.8 ng/mL). Exponential positive correlation between serum levels of GAL-3 and creatinine in ESRD patients without LVH (r=0.563, p=0.001). GAL-3 also showed positive correlations with urea without (r=0.563, p=0.001) as well as and uric acid (r=0.416, p=0.0178) for ESRD patients without LVH. However, GAL-3 showed no association with uric acid and urea (r=0.04487, p=0.896; r=0.2383, p=0.48) in ESRD patients with LVH. Conclusion: GAL-3 positively correlated to the biochemical parameters in ESRD patients. Patients with LVH only showed positive correlation between GAL-3 and creatinine. Moreover, GAL-3 could not be used as the biomarker because it did not correlate with established diagnostic parameter like LV mass and LV mass index. Hence, in this study GAL-3 is not a potential clinical biomarker for the progression of cardiovascular complications in ESRD patients. Overall, these data reflect the need for further investigation of GAL-3 to HF in patients with ESRD.
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15
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Tamimi W, Martin-Ballesteros J, Brearton S, Alenzi FQ, Hasanato R. Evaluation of biological specimen acceptability in a complex clinical laboratory before and after implementing automated grading serum indices. Br J Biomed Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2012.12069134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Tamimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh
| | - J. Martin-Ballesteros
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh
| | - S. Brearton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh
| | - F. Q. Alenzi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Kharj University, Al-Kharj
| | - R. Hasanato
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Alotabi N, Bautista T, Tamimi W. Evaluation of adenosine deaminase body fluids: Experience in tertiary hospital. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Arabi Y, Jawdat D, Bouchama A, Tamim H, Tamimi W, Al-Balwi M, Al-Dorzi HM, Sadat M, Afesh L, Abdullah ML, Mashaqbeh W, Sakhija M, Hussein MA, ElObeid A, Al-Dawood A. Permissive underfeeding, cytokine profiles and outcomes in critically ill patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209669. [PMID: 30615631 PMCID: PMC6322779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During critical illness in humans, the effects of caloric restriction on the inflammatory response are not well understood. The aim of this study is to examine the associations of caloric restriction, inflammatory response profiles and outcomes in critically ill patients. Methods This is a sub-study of the PermiT trial (Permissive Underfeeding or Standard Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Adults Trial- ISRCTN68144998). Serum samples were collected on study days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 and analyzed for a panel of 29 cytokines. We used principal component analysis to convert possibly correlated variables (cytokine levels) into a limited number of linearly uncorrelated variables (principal components). We constructed repeated measures mixed linear models to assess whether permissive underfeeding compared to standard feeding was associated with difference cytokine levels over time. Results A total of 72 critically ill patients were enrolled in this study (permissive underfeeding n = 36 and standard feeding n = 36). Principal component analysis identified 6 components that were responsible for 78% of the total variance. When adjusted to principal components, permissive underfeeding was not associated with 90-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 0.44, 6.95, p = 0.43) or with incident renal replacement therapy. The cytokines did not differ with time between permissive underfeeding and standard feeding groups. Conclusions The association of permissive underfeeding compared to standard feeding with mortality was not influenced by the inflammatory profile. Permissive underfeeding compared to standard feeding was not associated with differences in the serum levels of cytokines in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Dunia Jawdat
- Cord Blood Bank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abderrezak Bouchama
- Department of Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Balwi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan M. Al-Dorzi
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musharaf Sadat
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lara Afesh
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashan L. Abdullah
- Department of Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Mashaqbeh
- Cord Blood Bank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Sakhija
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Hussein
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adila ElObeid
- Department of Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Dawood
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Arabi Y, Jawdat D, Bouchama A, Tamim H, Tamimi W, Al-Balwi M, Al-Dorzi HM, Sadat M, Afesh L, Lehe C, Almashaqbeh W, Sakhija M, Al-Dawood A. Oxidative stress, caloric intake and outcomes of critically ill patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 29:103-111. [PMID: 30661672 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of oxidative stress in critically ill patients and the association with caloric intake and outcomes. METHODS In this pre-planned sub-study of the PermiT (Permissive Underfeeding versus Target Enteral Feeding in Adult Critically Ill Patients Trial- ISRCTN68144998), we included patients expected to stay in the ICU for ≥14 days. Serum samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 of enrollment. We measured total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl concentration (a measure of protein oxidation) and 8-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (a measure of DNA oxidation). We used principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to group patients according to oxidative stress. RESULTS Principal component analysis identified 2 components that were responsible for 79% of the total variance, and cluster analysis grouped patients in three statistically distinct clusters. Majority of patients 78.6% (44/55) were included in cluster 1 with lowest TAC, protein carbonyl and 8-OHdG levels and cluster 2 which accounted for 16.1% (9/55) of patients had the highest levels of TAC and intermediate levels of protein carbonyl levels. Cluster 3 patients 5.4% (3/56) had the highest protein carbonyl levels. Incident renal replacement therapy was highest in cluster 2 (4/8, 50.0%), compared to cluster 1 (4/42, 9.5%) and cluster 3 (1/3, 33.3%, p 0.01). When adjusted to oxidative stress cluster membership, permissive underfeeding was not associated with 90-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.37, 95% CI 0.36, 5.25, p 0.64) but was associated significantly with lower incident renal replacement therapy (aOR 0.02, 95% CI < 0.001, 0.57, p 0.02). CONCLUSIONS There are different distinct patterns of oxidative stress in critically ill patients. Incident renal replacement therapy was different among the three clusters. Our data suggest a protective effect of permissive underfeeding on incident renal replacement therapy that may differ by clusters of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Arabi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dunia Jawdat
- Cord Blood Bank, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abderrezak Bouchama
- Department of Experimental Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hani Tamim
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut- Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Al-Balwi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan M Al-Dorzi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Musharaf Sadat
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lara Afesh
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Cynthia Lehe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Walid Almashaqbeh
- Cord Blood Bank, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maram Sakhija
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Dawood
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Jawadi AH, Wakeel A, Tamimi W, Nasr A, Iqbal Z, Mashhour A, Fattah MA, Alkhanein N, Abu Jaffal AS. Association analysis between four vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Genet 2018; 97:925-930. [PMID: 30262704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a congenital condition characterized by abnormality in acetabulum size and/or shape. The incidence rate of DDH differs between different populations with risk factors including positive family history, breech presentation, sex, firstborn status, side of the hip, mode of delivery and oligohydramnios. It is recognized that DDH has a genetic component that exhibit autosomal dominant patterns. Many candidate genes have been studied and found to be associated with the disease; most of them are normally involved in cartilage development and joint metabolism. In this study, the association of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs731236, rs1544410, rs7975232 and rs2228570) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene was studied by a case-control analysis. The study sample involves 50 cases with confirmed DDH presentation and 50 nonDDH controls. SNPs were genotyped using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Genotype and allele frequencies were analysed using SPSS software. No significant associations were found between the VDR polymorphisms analysed and DDH. Further work need to be performed using genomewide analysis to elucidate the genetic basis of DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman H Jawadi
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital (KASCH), P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
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Jawadi AH, Wakeel A, Tamimi W, Nasr A, Iqbal Z, Mashhour A, Fattah MA, Alkhanein N, Jaffal ASA. Association analysis between four vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Aljumah AA, Tamim H, Saeed M, Tamimi W, Alfawaz H, Al Qurashi S, Al Dawood A, Al Sayyari A. The Role of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Predicting Acute Kidney Dysfunction in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis. J Clin Med Res 2018; 10:419-428. [PMID: 29581805 PMCID: PMC5862090 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3366w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of acute kidney dysfunction (AKD) in cirrhotic patients is crucial. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) has been identified as an early marker of AKD. The aim of the study was to evaluate serial uNGAL as a marker and predictor of AKD in liver cirrhosis patients. Methods Serial uNGAL and serum creatinine (sCr) levels were measured daily during the first 6 days of admission. Furthermore, sCr levels and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured after 3 - 6 weeks. The uNGAL levels in patients with and without abnormal sCr were compared. Results Fifty-seven consecutive cirrhotic patients were enrolled in the study. Eight of 14 patients (57%) who developed abnormal uNGAL level also had abnormal sCr level (odds ratio (OR) = 3.4, 95% CI: 0.99 - 12.03, P = 0.05). After 6 weeks, 41% of patients exhibited an abnormal uNGAL level and abnormal sCr (OR = 6.7, 95% CI: 1.55 - 28.85, P = 0.01). Area under the curve (AUROC) and the best cut-off point for highest NGAL in 6 days were 0.64 and 72.55 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusions There is a modest association between highest uNGAL in the first 6 days of admission and sCr at week 6 in all participants. This may indicate that in cirrhotic patients, uNGAL level during the first 6 days of admission has a potential predictability for the development of high sCr and low eGFR 6 weeks later. The AUROC of 0.64 quantifies the overall ability of uNGAL to discriminate between those individuals who will have a raised sCr levels and those who will not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Aljumah
- Hepatology Division, Department of Organ Transplant and Hepatobiliary Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Saeed
- Hepatology Division, Department of Organ Transplant and Hepatobiliary Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Al Qurashi
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Division, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al Dawood
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Intensive Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Al Sayyari
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Division, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Daghri NM, Al-Saleh Y, Aljohani N, Sulimani R, Al-Othman AM, Alfawaz H, Fouda M, Al-Amri F, Shahrani A, Alharbi M, Alshahrani F, Tamimi W, Sabico S, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. Vitamin D status correction in Saudi Arabia: an experts' consensus under the auspices of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:1. [PMID: 28004295 PMCID: PMC5177666 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-016-0295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is common in the Middle East and in Saudi Arabia, in particular. While several international recommendations on the management of vitamin D deficiency have been documented and practiced globally, these recommendations should be adapted to the conditions of the Middle Eastern region. To address this challenge, the Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis (PMCO) in King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, KSA, together with local experts and in cooperation with the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO), organized a panel that formulated unified recommendations in the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in the region. METHODS The selection of local and international experts commenced during the 2nd International Vitamin D Symposium conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, last January 20--21, 2016. Reviews of the most recent literature were done, and face-to-face meetings were conducted for revisions and final recommendations. RESULTS Vitamin D sufficiency is defined as circulating serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol (≥20 ng/ml) for the general population and vitamin D adequacy as serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L l (>30 ng/ml) for the frail and osteoporotic elderly. Despite overwhelming prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, universal screening is not recommended. Recommendations for the general population, children, pregnant/lactating women, post-menopausal women, the elderly, and those with subsequent metabolic diseases were provided. RESULTS Vitamin D sufficiency is defined as circulating serum 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol (≥20 ng/ml) for the general population and vitamin D adequacy as serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L l (>30 ng/ml) for the frail and osteoporotic elderly. Despite overwhelming prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, universal screening is not recommended. Recommendations for the general population, children, pregnant/lactating women, post-menopausal women, the elderly, and those with subsequent metabolic diseases were provided. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation/correction is advised in all persons whose serum 25(OH)D falls below 50 nmol/l (20 ng/ml), and achieving a target of 75 nmol/l (30 ng/ml) is particularly suited for frail, osteoporotic, and older patients. Conducting well-designed clinical trials in the region that will address economic implications and investigations on the treatment persistence and compliance to vitamin D treatment in the region are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University|, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yousef Al-Saleh
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14229, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Aljohani
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riad Sulimani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Al-Othman
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Sehhati National Medical Co., Riyadh, 11321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alfawaz
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Fouda
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Amri
- Osteoporosis Control Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Shahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14229, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alharbi
- Diabetes Centers and Units Administration, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alshahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14229, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14229, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University|, PO Box, 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rene Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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Tamim H, Felimban N, AlMutair A, Altwaijri Y, AlAlwan I, Tamimi W. Age- and gender-specific reference intervals for serum glucose levels in school children measured by an Advia 1650 chemistry analyzer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1586401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Tamim
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naila Felimban
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angham AlMutair
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin Altwaijri
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim AlAlwan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tamimi W, Dafterdar R, Mansi M, Alsaad K, Alarifi SA. Complexed and total PSA in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 67:184-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2010.11730317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Tamimi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Dafterdar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Riyadh Military Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Mansi
- Department of Surgery, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Alsaad
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. A. Alarifi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alqahatani M, Tamimi W, Aldaker M, Alenzi F, Tamim H, Alsadhan A. Young adult reference ranges for thyroid function tests on the Centaur immunoassay analyser. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 63:163-5. [PMID: 17201204 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2006.11732744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to establish reference ranges for thyroid tests in young Saudi adults using the Centaur immunoassay method. Physical examination is performed and thyroid function tests include thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3). These are performed on 291 young Saudi adults (182 [63%] females and 109 [37%] males; average age: 27 years [range 18-50]). Clinical thyroid abnormality, related symptoms and/or abnormal thyroid function tests exclude a person from the study and thus a total of 276 subjects (171 [62%] females and 105 [38%] males) are used to establish the new reference ranges. Combined female and male ranges for TSH, FT4, and FT3 were found to be 0.48-6.30 miu/L (9.00-18.62 pmol/L and 3.39-6.85 pmol/L, respectively). Mean TSH and FT4 levels were significantly different (P<0.0001) from those quoted by the manufacturer. Ranges for TSH were 0.48-6.30 miu/L (female) and 0.52-4.89 miu/L (male) (P=0.08). Female ranges for FT4 and FT3 were 9.00-17.15 pmol/L and 3.39-5.82 pmol/L, respectively. Male ranges were 9.92-18.62 pmol/L (P=0.0001) and 4.36-6.85 pmol/L (P<0.0001). The range of TSH levels in the young local Saudi population proved to be higher than that quoted by the manufacturer. FT4 range was lower and narrower than that quoted by the manufacturer. Significant differences between female and male populations suggest that partitioning of the reference ranges by gender is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alqahatani
- Pediatric Department, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Alkhobar
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Hasanato R, Brearton S, Alshebani M, Bailey L, Aldugashim S, Alothaim A, Tamimi W. Effects of serum indices interference on hormonal results from the Abbott Architect i2000 immunoassay analyser. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 72:151-5. [PMID: 26738394 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2015.11665744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The routine chemical assays are affected by sample haemolysis, icterus and lipaemia, collectively known as serum indices; however, little attention has been given to the consequences of these conditions on hormonal assays (immunoassays). In this study, we assess the impact of interferences from exogenous serum indices on various endocrine assays performed on the Abbott Architect i2000 system. The pool of 20 serum samples was derived from a hospitalised population. The diluted serum samples were spiked with red cell haemolysate, Intralipid and bilirubin. The interferences were studied at baseline; 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of 5.0 g/L haemoglobin; 1% of 20% Intralipid; and 0.342 mmol/L of bilirubin according to the EP7-A2 guideline (Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry; CLSI, USA). Aliquots were analysed in duplicate and/or triplicate for various hormones on the Abbott Architect i2000 immunoassay analyser. Serum ferritin (r2=0.84; P=0.074) and TSH (r2=0.81; P=0.52) levels showed a direct relationship with haemolysis and therefore overestimated because of the effects of haemolysis. The vitamin B12 level progressively decreased as the amount of haemolysis increased (r2=-0.76; P=0.136). There was a significant decrease in progesterone concentration owing to lipaemia (r2=-0.983; P=0.003). For icteric interferences, a strong inverse correlation was observed for folic acid and was shown to be statistically significant (r2=-0.94; P=0.017). Assays for ferritin, TSH, vitamin B12, folic acid and progesterone showed various degrees of interference because of the variability in serum indices.
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Borai A, Ichihara K, Al Masaud A, Tamimi W, Bahijri S, Armbuster D, Bawazeer A, Nawajha M, Otaibi N, Khalil H, Kawano R, Kaddam I, Abdelaal M. Establishment of reference intervals of clinical chemistry analytes for the adult population in Saudi Arabia: a study conducted as a part of the IFCC global study on reference values. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 54:843-55. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:This study is a part of the IFCC-global study to derive reference intervals (RIs) for 28 chemistry analytes in Saudis.Method:Healthy individuals (n=826) aged ≥18 years were recruited using the global study protocol. All specimens were measured using an Architect analyzer. RIs were derived by both parametric and non-parametric methods for comparative purpose. The need for secondary exclusion of reference values based on latent abnormal values exclusion (LAVE) method was examined. The magnitude of variation attributable to gender, ages and regions was calculated by the standard deviation ratio (SDR). Sources of variations: age, BMI, physical exercise and smoking levels were investigated by using the multiple regression analysis.Results:SDRs for gender, age and regional differences were significant for 14, 8 and 2 analytes, respectively. BMI-related changes in test results were noted conspicuously for CRP. For some metabolic related parameters the ranges of RIs by non-parametric method were wider than by the parametric method and RIs derived using the LAVE method were significantly different than those without it. RIs were derived with and without gender partition (BMI, drugs and supplements were considered).Conclusions:RIs applicable to Saudis were established for the majority of chemistry analytes, whereas gender, regional and age RI partitioning was required for some analytes. The elevated upper limits of metabolic analytes reflects the existence of high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Saudi population.
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Amir MA, Alenazi B, Wyse RKH, Tamimi W, Kujan O, Khan T, Alenzi FQ. Neglected Bilateral Posterior Shoulder Fracture Dislocation in an Uncontrolled Seizure patient. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:1018-20. [PMID: 26430452 PMCID: PMC4590399 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.314.8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior dislocation of the shoulder is a rare injury that occurs secondary to trauma and seizures. Diagnosis is often missed and treatment is challenging. Neglected posterior dislocation is associated with Hill-Sachs lesion which leads to locking of dislocation. Correct diagnosis is achieved by history taking, a physical examination and appropriate imaging. In neglected shoulder dislocation with uncontrolled seizure and humeral head defects of up to 45% the McLaughlin procedure shows excellent results at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaath A Amir
- Moaath A. Amir, Department of Orthopedics, Military Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashir Alenazi
- Bashir Alenazi, Department of Orthopedics, Military Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waleed Tamimi
- Waleed Tamimi, Biochemistry Section, Pathology Department, KAMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Kujan
- Omar Kujan, Alfarabi Dental College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajdar Khan
- Tajdar Khan, College of Pharmacy, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Q Alenzi
- Faris Q. Alenzi, College of Appl Med Sci, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Alharbi KK, Kashour TS, Al-Hussaini W, Nbaheen MS, Hasanato RM, Mohamed S, Tamimi W, Khan IA. Screening for genetic mutations in LDLR gene with familial hypercholesterolemia patients in the Saudi population. Acta Biochim Pol 2015; 62:559-62. [PMID: 26345093 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2015_1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is caused by genetic defects involving the low density lipoprotein-receptor (LDL-R), predisposing affected people to premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and death. The aim of the present study was to assess certain exons in the LDLR gene mutation detection analysis affecting in the Saudi population with FH. This case-control study was carried out with 200 subjects; 100 were FH cases and 100 were healthy controls. Five mL of venous blood samples were collected from all the subjects and used for biochemical and genetic analysis. DNA was extracted from 2 mL of the EDTA samples, and precise primers were designed for LDL-R gene which includes Exon 3, 4 and 8. PCR was followed by DNA sequencing. In our study, we found 25 mutations in cases in Exon-3 and 2 mutations in controls, however, we have found only 5 mutations in exon 4 and none of the mutations were identified in exon 8. We conclude that screening of FH among Saudi population is very important to identify individuals who are prone to develop the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Khalaf Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek S. Kashour
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of medicine, King Fahad Cardiac Center, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805 (92), Riyadh 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan Al-Hussaini
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Stem Cell Units, Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - May Salem Nbaheen
- Stem Cell Units, Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Preparatory Year-Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M.W. Hasanato
- Department of Pathology, College of medicine, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, P.O. Box 66533, Riyadh 11586, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarar Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad D, Bakairy AK, Katheri AM, Tamimi W. MDM2 (RS769412) G>A Polymorphism in Cigarette Smokers: a Clue for the Susceptibility to Smoking and Lung Cancer Risk. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:4057-60. [PMID: 25987086 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke contains oxidants and free radicals which are carcinogens that can induce mutations in humans. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most frequent genetic alterations found in the human genome. In the present study, we have examined the ability of the murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) (rs769412) A>G polymorphism in cigarette smokers to predict risk of cancers. Our results showed that of smokers, 87% were found with AA genotype, 10% with heterozygous AG genotype, and 3% with GG genotype. The heterozygous AG genotype was observed in a lower percentage of smokers (10%) as compared to non-smokers (18%), whereas, homozygous AA genotype was observed in lower percentage of non-smokers (81%) as compared to the smokers (87%). The results from present study support the association with an allele and AG genotype in non-smokers. However, further studies are required to establish the role of Mdm2 (rs769412) C>T in cigarettes smokers and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshad Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia E-mail :
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Dafterdar R, Al-Fayoumi M, Saadeddin S, Khan R, Alothaim A, Hasanato R, Al-Shangiti A, Fakhoury H, Tamimi W. Vitamin D immunoassay systems: a comparison. Br J Biomed Sci 2014; 71:127-30. [PMID: 25265759 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2014.11978289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Qurashi S, Ghamdi G, Jaradat M, Tamim H, Aljumah A, Tamimi W, Al Dawood A, Binsalih S, Al Sayyari A. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and the occurrence of delayed graft function after kidney transplant. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2014; 12:396-400. [PMID: 25019387 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2013.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the predictive value of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in the occurrence of delayed graft function after kidney transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective cohort study of 67 consecutive patients who received a living-related (40 patients [61%]) or deceased-donor kidney transplant (27 patients [39%]), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was determined in the first 100 mL perfusate of the donor kidney and in urine at 6 hours after transplant. Patients were followed (11 ± 7 mo) for changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate and delayed graft function. RESULTS The mean urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level at 6 hours after transplant was significantly higher after deceased-donor (781 ± 452 ng/mL) than living-donor transplant (229 ± 223 ng/mL; P ≤ 0.001). The decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate from 6 to 12 months after transplant was positively correlated with the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in the perfusate in living-donor transplant. A significant correlation was noted between the occurrence of delayed graft function and the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level at 6 hours after living-donor transplant. In the deceased-donor group, the occurrence of delayed graft function was correlated with urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in the perfusate. In deceased-donor kidney transplant, the mean urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level in the perfusion fluid was significantly greater from donors who had terminal serum creatinine > 150 μmol/L, and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level at 6 hours after transplant was significantly greater in transplants with longer cold ischemia time and donors who had hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in the donor kidney perfusate and 6 hours after transplant may be a useful predictor of delayed graft function and decreased graft function from 6 to 12 months after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Qurashi
- From the Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Division, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Khalil MI, Sagr ER, Bahyan R, Elrifaei RM, Alzahrani MH, Tamimi W. How accurate are placental growth factor, urate, lactate dehydrogenase and proteinuria in diagnosing preeclampsia and its severity? Pregnancy Hypertens 2014; 4:156-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Alfawaz H, Tamim H, Alharbi S, Aljaser S, Tamimi W. Vitamin D status among patients visiting a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective review of 3475 cases. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:159. [PMID: 24524260 PMCID: PMC3942273 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in several chronic, non-communicable diseases independent of its conventional role in bone and calcium homeostasis. In this retrospective study, we determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association to several cardiometabolic indices among patients visiting King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A total of 3475 charts of out-patient subjects who visited KAMC from September 2009 until December 2010 were reviewed and included. Variables of interest included measurements of vitamin D status, glycemic and renal profile, as well as trace elements (calcium and phosphorous). RESULTS The over-all prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the cohort studied was 78.1% in females and 72.4% in males. 25(OH) vitamin D was significantly associated with increasing age and weight (p-values < 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively). It was also positively associated with albumin, calcium and phosphorous (p-values < 0.0001, < 0.0001 and 0.0007, respectively) and negatively associated with alkaline phosphatase as well as circulating levels of PTH (p-values 0.0002 and 0.0007, respectively). CONCLUSION In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is overwhelmingly common among patients seen at KAMC regardless of the medical condition, and it is significantly associated with increasing age, weight and markers of calcium homeostasis. Findings of the present study further stress the spotlight on vitamin D deficiency epidemic in the country and region in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture King Saud University, P, O, Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
Objective and Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition and has been described in women who have polycystic ovaries as the underlying cause of hirsutism and chronic anovulation. Studies on PCOS in the Saudi population are very few. The aim of this study was to investigate the reproductive hormones levels in patients with PCOS. Effect of age and body mass index (BMI) on the hormonal findings was eliminated through a multivariate analysis. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was conducted on Saudi subjects attending the outpatient clinic of National Guard Hospital in Riyadh. A total of 62 cases with PCOS and 40 healthy Saudi women were included in this study. Physical evaluation and laboratory investigations were carried out. Blood luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone, prolactin, and progesterone were determined. To adjust for the potentially confounding effect of age and BMI, we carried out multivariate linear regression analyses for the association between each of the reproductive hormones and PCOS. Results: Serum levels of FSH, SHBG, and progesterone were significantly lower in PCOS compared to controls (respective P values 0.001, 0.001, and 0.002), while LH/FSH and testosterone levels were higher in PCOS cases than in controls (P = 0.008 and 0.003, respectively). When multivariate linear regression analyses were carried out, LH/FSH and total testosterone were positively correlated with the disease [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.02–0.35 and 0.02–0.17, respectively], whereas FSH, SHBG, and progesterone were negatively correlated with the disease (95% CI = –0.06 to 0.001, –0.01 to 0.001, and –0.17 to –0.03, respectively), independent of age and BMI. Conclusion: Our study suggests that regardless of the age and weight factors, Saudi patients with PCOS have higher levels of LH/FSH and total testosterone; but have lower levels of FSH, SHBG, and progesterone compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Fakhoury
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Ferwana
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran A Siddiqui
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Adham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Hussein FA, Tamimi W, Al Banyan E, Al-Twaijri YA, Tamim H. Cardiometabolic risk among Saudi children and adolescents: Saudi childrens overweight, obesity, and lifestyles (S.Ch.O.O.Ls) study. Ann Saudi Med 2014; 34:46-53. [PMID: 24658553 PMCID: PMC6074937 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2014.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are major contributors to the global burden of disease, with a high reported prevalence of risk factors among different populations. Early and efficient assessment of cardiometabolic risk is important to identify target groups for preventive interventions. The aims of Saudi children's overweight, obesity, and lifestyles study were to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and to compare the different paradigms of assessing such risk among children and adolescents. The study was funded by National Guard Health Affairs and approved by the ethics committee. DESIGN AND SETTINGS A cross-sectional study of students from primary, middle, and secondary schools located in the residential areas for the Saudi National Guard employees in Riyadh. METHODS A random sample of 2149 students, clustered by school and stratified by grade, was selected from a sampling frame of 16 812 students from 10 schools in the residential areas for Saudi National Guard employees. Informed consent was taken from children and parents. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were documented. Fasting blood samples were taken for blood glucose and lipid profile. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome ranged from 2% to 18%, according to the sensitivity of the 6 different definitions. Systolic blood pressure and triglycerides-to-HDL (high-density lipoprotein) ratio showed a dose-response increase with the quartiles of waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). Assessment of cardiometabolic risk by diagnosing the metabolic syndrome would lead to missed opportunity of intervention in 94% to 95% of children identified to be in need of intervention by waist circumference and BMI above 75th percentile. CONCLUSION Relying on the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome can harm primary preventive initiatives. BMI and waist circumference for age should be used for assessing cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Abdullah Al-Hussein
- Dr. Fahad Abdullah Al-Hussein, Department of Family and Community Medicine,, College of Medicine, King Saud Ibn AbdulAziz University for Health Sciences,, King Abdulaziz Medical City,, National Guard Health Affairs,, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, T: +966112520088 loc. 1514, F: +966112520305,
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Khan A, Al Balwi MA, Tanaka Y, Hajeer A, Sanai FM, Al Abdulkarim I, Al Ayyar L, Badri M, Saudi D, Tamimi W, Mizokami M, Al Knawy B. Novel point mutations and mutational complexes in the enhancer II, core promoter and precore regions of hepatitis B virus genotype D1 associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in Saudi Arabia. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2864-2871. [PMID: 23740667 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a cohort of 182 patients [55 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 127 non-HCC] infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Saudi Arabia was investigated to study the relationship between sequence variation in the enhancer II (EnhII), basal core promoter (BCP) and precore regions of HBV genotype D (HBV/D) and the risk of HCC. HBV genotypes were determined by sequencing analysis and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Variations in the EnhII, BCP and precore regions were compared between 107 non-HCC and 45 HCC patients infected with HBV/D, followed by age-matched analysis of 40 cases versus equal number of controls. Age and male gender were significantly associated with HCC (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.03, respectively). Serological markers such as aspartate aminotransferase, albumin and anti-HBe were significantly associated with HCC (p = 0.0001 for all), whereas HBeAg positivity was associated with non-HCC (p = 0.0001). The most prevalent HBV genotype was HBV/D (94%), followed by HBV/E (4%), HBV/A (1.6%) and HBV/C (0.5%). For HBV/D1, genomic mutations associated with HCC were T1673/G1679, G1727, C1741, C1761, A1757/T1764/G1766, T1773, T1773/G1775 and C1909. Age- and gender-adjusted stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that mutations G1727 [odds ratio (OR) = 18.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.8-118.4; p = 0.002], A1757/T1764/G1766 (OR = 4.7; 95% CI = 1.3-17.2; p = 0.01) and T1773 (OR = 14.06; 95% CI = 2.3-84.8; p = 0.004) are independent predictors of HCC development. These results implicate novel individual and combination patterns of mutations in the X/precore region of HBV/D1 as predictors of HCC. Risk stratification based on these mutation complexes would be useful in determining high-risk patients and improving diagnostic and treatment strategies for HBV/D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Khan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Alharbi KK, Kashour TS, Al-Hussaini W, Al-Nbaheen MS, Mohamed S, Hasanato RMW, Tamimi W, Al-Naami MY, Khan IA. Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and familial hypercholesterolemia in the Saudi population. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:177. [PMID: 24289455 PMCID: PMC4220775 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the association between genotype and phenotype is of great importance for the prediction of multiple diseases and pathophysiological conditions. The relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) Insertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphism and Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) has been not fully investigated in all the ethnicities. In this study we sought to determine the frequency of I/D polymorphism genotypes of ACE gene in Saudi patients with FH. RESULTS This is a case-control study carried out purely in Saudi population. Genomic DNA was isolated from 128 subjects who have participated in this study. ACE gene I/D polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction in 64 FH cases and 64 healthy controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to genotype distribution. Furthermore, we did not find any significant difference in the frequency of ACE I/D polymorphism in FH subjects when stratified by gender (p = 0.43). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that ACE gene I/D polymorphism examined in this study has no role in predicting the occurrence and diagnosis of FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid K Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek S Kashour
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of medicine, King Fahad Cardiac Center, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805 (92), Riyadh 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan Al-Hussaini
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Stem Cell Units, Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - May Salem Al-Nbaheen
- Stem Cell Units, Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Prepratory Year-Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarar Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana MW Hasanato
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, P.O. Box 66533, Riyadh 11586, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Yahya Al-Naami
- Department of Surgery#37, College of Medicine, King Saud University and Affiliated Hospitals, P.O. Box-7805, Riyadh 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine factors associated with pubertal gynecomastia. DESIGN AND SETTINGS A cross-sectional study among healthy male school children and adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS Subjects were selected from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Tanner stage, height, weight, blood hormonal levels (leutilizing hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], total testosterone, and estradiol), and anthropometric and lipid parameters (body mass index [BMI], triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], and low-density lipoprotein [LDL]), were collected and compared in children with and without gynecomastia. RESULTS The study included 542 children and adolescents. Median (interquartile range) age in the whole group was 11(8-13) years. The prevalence of gynecomastia was 185/542 (34%), with a peak at age 14. The 2 groups compared had nonsignificant difference in cholesterol (P=.331), LH (P=.215) and FSH (P=.571) levels. Those with gynecomastia were significantly older, had lower gonad stage, had higher anthropometric (height, weight, and BMI), and lipid (triglycerides, HDL, and LDL) values. In multivariate regression analysis, factors significantly associated with gynecomastia were BMI (odds ratio [OR]=1.05; 95%CI 1.00-1.10; P=.013), HDL (OR=0.42; 95%CI 0.19-0.92; P=.03), and gonad (Stage II OR=2.23; 95%CI 1.27-3.92; P=.005, Stage III OR=6.40; 95%CI 2.70-15.0; P < .0001, Stage IV OR=3.24; 95%CI 1.32-7.95; P=.01, Stage V OR=1.37; 95%CI 0.52-3.56; P=.53, compared with stage I). CONCLUSION Pubertal gynecomastia tends to increase in mid-puberty. In our setting, BMI, HDL, and gonad stage were the major factors associated with the development of pubertal gynecomastia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al Alwan
- Dr. Ibrahim Al Alwan, College of Medicine King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences,, PO Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia, T: 966-504461425,
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Hazzazi MA, Alzeer I, Tamimi W, Al Atawi M, Al Alwan I. Clinical presentation and etiology of osteomalacia/rickets in adolescents. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2013; 24:938-41. [PMID: 24029258 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.118087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the causes and clinical presentations of osteomalacia/rickets in adolescents seen at the King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh. Because osteomalacia and rickets constitute the same entity, the term osteomalacia will be used for future discussion. A retrospective file review was performed on all adolescents (10-16 years) with osteomalacia, defined as alkaline phosphatase levels ≥500 IU/L, seen at the KAMC, Riyadh, from 2000 to 2006. We recorded the signs and symptoms, dietary history and amount of sun exposure at presentation. A total of 135 patients were found to fit the inclusion criteria for the study. Of them, 57 had nutritional causes, with a mean age of 13.2 years, and included 32 females. At diagnosis, 22 patients were found to have bone pain, 10 had bone deformities, eight had pathological fractures and 17 were asymptomatic. Secondary causes for osteomalacia were found in 59 cases who had liver and renal disease and in 19 other patients who were on medications such as anticonvulsants and steroids, which are known to cause osteomalacia. Our study indicates that osteomalacia is a significant health burden that deserves special attention. Bone pain is the most common presenting symptom at diagnosis. Because of the high risk of osteomalacia associated with the use of anticonvulsants and steroids, it is advised that all patients on these drugs should be routinely screened for secondary osteomalacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Hazzazi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
AIM The potential role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia has been reported in the literature. There are only a few studies that have investigated changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin E and total blood glutathione together in pre-eclampsia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the levels of MDA, vitamin E and total glutathione as putative circulatory markers of oxidative stress for the early detection of pre-eclampsia. PATIENTS & METHODS In this case-control study, blood samples were collected from 40 pre-eclamptic and 80 normal pregnant females at the department of obstetrics and gynecology at King Abdulaziz Medical City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) between February 2009 and January 2010. Circulating markers of oxidative stress were evaluated, including MDA, total glutathione and vitamin E, by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Markers of oxidative stress including serum MDA, total glutathione and vitamin E were found to be significantly different in both groups. CONCLUSION MDA, vitamin E and blood total glutathione are possible candidate markers to predict pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran A Siddiqui
- College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Tamimi W, Hejaili F, Al Ismaili F, Tamim H, Shaheen F, Taher S, Al Sayyari A. The impact of introducing automated eGFR reporting on uncovering new cases of chronic kidney disease in a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Ren Fail 2013; 35:1278-80. [PMID: 23924398 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.824361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of introducing eGFR automated reporting on uncovering new cases of Chronic Kidney Disease. METHODS All serum creatinine (SCr) in adult patients attending outpatient clinics over a two-month period were recorded and eGFR estimated. Cases with a SCr within normal limits but were in CKD stage 3 (<60 mL/min) or higher were recorded and their numbers, percentages and mean ages calculated. Stages 1 and 2 were excluded from analysis because urinary albumin and other urinary abnormalities were not checked. RESULTS A total of 26,422 SCr from different patients were included. The mean SCr was 92.5 ± 130.9 μmol/ and the mean eGFR was 99.8 ± 32.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Of all the10,601 males with normal SCr, 0.84% were in CKD stage 3 and in all the 14,695 female, 19.24% were in stage 2 in stage. Of all the 14,695 females with serum creatinine in the normal range, 200 (1.36%) were in CKD stage 3. The patients in stages 2 and 3 were significantly older. CONCLUSION If our findings are shown to be true for the rest of Saudi Arabia, one could extrapolate that for each 100,000 serum creatinine assayed for males, 840 new cases will be uncovered in CKD stage 3. The corresponding number for females would be 1360 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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Dilshad A, Abulkhair O, Nemenqani D, Tamimi W. Antiproliferative properties of methanolic extract of Nigella sativa against the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:5839-42. [PMID: 23317266 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women in the world and is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer. Health benefits have been linked to additive and synergistic combinations of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables. Nigella sativa has been shown to possess anti-carcinogenic activity, inhibiting growth of several cancer cell lines in vitro. However, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer properties of Nigella sativa phytochemical extracts have not been completely understood. Our data showed that Nigella sativa extracts significantly inhibited human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation at doses of 2.5-5 μg/mL (P<0.05). Apoptotic induction in MDA-MB-231 cells was observed in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to Nigella sativa extracts for 48 h. Real time PCR and flow cytometry analyses suggested that Nigella sativa extracts possess the ability to suppress the proliferation of human breast cancer cells through induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Dilshad
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Felimban N, Jawdat D, Al-Twaijri Y, Al-Mutair A, Tamimi W, Shoukri M, Tamim H, Al-Alwan I. Pubertal characteristics among schoolgirls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172:971-5. [PMID: 23640021 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-012-1752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Puberty is the gradual transition period between childhood and adulthood. Many factors may contribute to the onset of puberty. The objective of the study was to determine the age of onset of secondary pubertal characteristics among Saudi Arabian girls. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a cluster sample design. Seven hundred and twenty-five schoolgirls between the ages of 6 and 16 years from diverse socioeconomic levels were included. During physical examinations, the height and weight of the girls were recorded, and the stages of breast and pubic hair development were determined according to Tanner stages; axillary hair development was determined according to modified stages. The median age at Tanner stage 2 for breast and pubic hair development was 10 years. The median age at stage 2 in modified scales for axillary hair development was 12 years. In conclusion, the median age of the onset of breast development at Tanner stage 2 for Saudi girls in Riyadh is lower than what has been reported in some countries in Europe, South Africa, Turkey and India but similar to girls in Hong Kong, China and white girls in the USA, which may support secular trends of an earlier onset of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Felimban
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alenzi FQ, Alanazi FGB, Al-Faim AD, Al-Rabea MW, Tamimi W, Tarakji B, Kujan O, Al-Jabri A, Wyse RKH. The role of eosinophils in asthma. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.52a045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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AlBuhairan F, Tamimi W, Tamim H, Al Mutair A, Felimban N, Altwaijri Y, Shoukri M, Al Alwan I. Puberty development among children and adolescents with chronic disease in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2012; 32:408-11. [PMID: 22705613 PMCID: PMC6081014 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2012.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Increasing numbers of children with chronic health conditions are now surviving into adolescence and adulthood because of advancing health care. These chronic health conditions are generally known to impact a child's growth and development, including pubertal development. In Saudi Arabia, chronic diseases are prevalent, yet no reports of pubertal onset and its relation to chronic illness are available. The aim of this study was to explore pubertal development among Saudi children and adolescents with a chronic illness. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study conducted at schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 2006. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Those students whose parents reported that their son/daughter had a chronic illness and/or was taking a long-term medication underwent a physical examination to determine sexual maturity rating and growth parameters. RESULTS Of 1371 students who participated in the study, 155 (11.3%) had a chronic illness. Of those, 79 (51%) were male, and the mean SD age of all the students was 11.4 (2.4) years. Ninety (58%) students were taking medication for their health condition. Bronchial asthma was reported to be the most common chronic condition (n=66; 42.6%), followed by blood disorders (n=41; 26.5%). Fifty-three (34%) students were overweight or obese. For male gonadal (G) development, the mean age of boys with G stage 2 was 11.7 years; stage 3: 13.5 years; stage 4: 14.1 years; and stage 5: 14.6 years. For female breast (B) development, the mean age of girls with B stage 2 was 10.7 years; stage 3: 11.3 years; stage 4: 12.4 years; and stage 5: 14.1 years. The pubic hair development for both boys and girls was similar to the corresponding gonadal or breast development, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The age of onset of pubertal development for both boys and girls with a chronic illness are within normal limits. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity may contribute to this phenomenon, yet further studies should consider the effects of disease severity and chronicity and medication use as possible confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia AlBuhairan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alenzi FQ, Al-Amri AM, Alanazi FGB, Tamimi W, Alanazi A, Alenezy AK, Al-Swailmi F. Cellular and molecular responses of Saudi chronic myeloid leukaemia patients to imatinib (STI-571): ten year experience. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2012; 24:122-128. [PMID: 24397072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyto-genetic hallmark of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), is the first consistent chromosomal abnormality that has been associated to a certain cancer type. In CML, Philadelphia chromosome is present leading to resistance to cell death and rapid proliferation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the different responses, toxicity and survival of Saudi CML patients to imatinib mesylate. METHODS All newly diagnosed CML patients who were treated with imatinib were included in this study. We investigated haematological, and molecular and cytogenetic responses by CBC, FISH and RT-PCR respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assayed using AUC and TUNEL respectively. RESULTS Of the 12 cases, 9 (75%) were males and 3 (25%) were female. Four (33%) of the cases were diagnosed incidentally and 8 cases (67%) presented mainly with fatigue (75%), fever (58%), and splenomegaly (83%). Signs of bleeding and rashes were rare at presentation. The majority of patients had low risk (8, 67%), and 33% had intermediate risk; but none of them had high risk CML. At the last follow up, 11 (92%) were in remissions. One patient (8%) was in remission after 3 years, 4 (33%) were in remission after 6 years, one was in remission after 7 years and 5 (42%) were in remission after 10 years. Only one patient had incomplete major molecular response (MMR) to imatinib after 12 years. The majority of the patients (10, 83%) were in MMR after 6 years and 42% of them were in MMR after 10 years of therapy. Adverse effects of imatinib were not reported by the patients. Imatinib treatment resulted in the reduction of proliferation and induction of apoptosis of CML CFU-GM cells. CONCLUSION Imatinib mesylate is capable of treating Philadelphia chromosome-positive CP-CML without any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Q Alenzi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali M Al-Amri
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ayad Alanazi
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Tamimi W, Albanyan E, Altwaijri Y, Tamim H, Alhussein F. Age- and Gender-Specific Reference Intervals for Fasting Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels in School Children Measured With Abbott Architect c8000 Chemistry Analyzer. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 27:141-6. [PMID: 23542765 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Reference intervals for pubertal characteristics are influenced by genetic, geographic, dietary and socioeconomic factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish age-specific reference intervals of glucose and lipid levels among local school children. This was cross-sectional study, conducted among Saudi school children. Fasting blood samples were collected from 2149 children, 1138 (53%) boys and 1011 (47%) girls, aged 6 to 18 years old. Samples were analyzed on the Architect c8000 Chemistry System (Abbott Diagnostics, USA) for glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL. Reference intervals were established by nonparametric methods between the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. Significant differences were observed between boys and girls for cholesterol and triglycerides levels in all age groups (P < 0.02). Only at age 6-7 years and at adolescents, HDL and LDL levels were found to be significant (P < 0.001). No significant differences were seen in glucose levels except at age 12 to 13 years. Saudi children have comparable serum cholesterol levels than their Western counterparts. This may reflect changing dietary habits and increasing affluence in Saudi Arabia. Increased lipid screening is anticipated, and these reference intervals will aid in the early assessment of cardiovascular and diabetes risk in Saudi pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Tamimi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tamimi W, Martin-Ballesteros J, Brearton S, Alenzi FQ, Hasanato R. Evaluation of biological specimen acceptability in a complex clinical laboratory before and after implementing automated grading serum indices. Br J Biomed Sci 2012; 69:103-107. [PMID: 23057156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of specimen acceptability, collection and transport can result in the prompt identification and correction of problems, leading to improved patient care and a reduction in unnecessary redraws and delays in reporting results. This study aims to identify unacceptable blood specimens and to calculate the specimen rejection rate (SRR) before and after the implementation of automated checks of serum indices. This study was conducted between January 2009 and December 2010. The number of rejected specimens, location and reason for rejection were recorded. The Architect c8000 analyser (Abbott, Illinois, USA) was used to assess serum indices based on characteristic spectral patterns and mathematical manipulations of absorbance values measured at several wavelengths. The SRR was calculated, and the target cut-off value for the SRR was < 0.5%, as established by the College of American Pathologists (CAP). The SRR values were 0.13% and 0.21% for the years 2009 and 2010, respectively. Haemolysis was the most significant reason for sample rejection, with cumulative rejection rates (CRR) of 49.3% and 61.4% for 2009 and 2010, respectively. Adult intensive care units (ICUs) had the most sample rejections (23.5%), followed by neonatal ICUs (13.8%), cardiac ICUs (13%), paediatric ICUs (10.8%) and long-term wards (10.5%), of which 60%, 79%, 84.9%, 36.6% and 75%, respectively, of the rejected samples were haemolysed. The increase in rejected samples may be due to an improvement in staff awareness of sample rejection, aided by automatic sample integrity grading by automated chemistry analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tamimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alenzi FQ, Salem ML, Alyaqoub FS, Alanazi FGB, Alanazi WG, Alanazi MG, Alanazi AG, Alanazi MG, Al-Shehri H, Abuderman AA, Tamimi W. Apoptotic proteins and cancer: many faces. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2012; 24:111-115. [PMID: 23855111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faris Q Alenzi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudia Arabia.
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