Ten years of the Peruvian Society of the History of Psychology

This article briefly reviews the development of the history of psychology as a specialized discipline in Peru, in order to learn about the emergence, organization and productivity of the Peruvian Society of the History of Psychology (SPHP), which was founded in 2012. Previously, by way of introduction, the advances in the institutionalization of the history of psychology in Latin America and the development of the historiography of psychology in Peru are described. Seminars, journals, and books edited by the SPHP are discussed, as well as new projects and the challenges that must be faced for a greater dissemination of the history of psychology in Peru. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

COVID-19 Bereavement in Ten Latin American Countries: Measurement Invariance of the Pandemic Grief Scale and Its Relation to Suicidal Ideation

The present study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) in ten Latin American countries. A total of 2,321 people who had lost a family member or other loved one due to COVID-19 participated, with a mean age of 34.22 years old (SD = 11.99). In addition to the PGS, a single item of suicidal ideation was applied. The unidimensional model of the PGS had adequate fit in most countries and good reliability estimates. There was evidence of measurement invariance by country and gender. Also, a one-point increase in the PGS was associated with an almost twofold increase in the odds of suicidal ideation. Scores greater than or equal to 4 on the PGS are proposed as a cut off to identify individuals with suicidal ideation. Strong evidence of the cross-cultural validity of the PGS is provided.

Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19, Conspiracy Beliefs About Vaccines and Intention to Vaccinate Against COVID-19: A Cross-National Indirect Effect Model in 13 Latin American Countries

The present study explored the predictive capacity of fear of COVID-19 on the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and the influence in this relationship of conspiracy beliefs as a possible mediating psychological variable, in 13 Latin American countries. A total of 5779 people recruited through non-probabilistic convenience sampling participated. To collect information, we used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Vaccine conspiracy beliefs Scale-COVID-19 and a single item of intention to vaccinate. A full a priori Structural Equation Model was used; whereas, cross-country invariance was performed from increasingly restricted structural models. The results indicated that, fear of COVID-19 positively predicts intention to vaccinate and the presence of conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines. The latter negatively predicted intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Besides, conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines had an indirect effect on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in the 13 countries assessed. Finally, the cross-national similarities of the mediational model among the 13 participating countries are strongly supported. The study is the first to test a cross-national mediational model across variables in a large number of Latin American countries. However, further studies with other countries in other regions of the world are needed.

Cross-cultural invariance of the Spanish version of the COVID-19 Assessment Scorecard to measure the perception of government actions against COVID-19 in Latin America

OBJECTIVES

The present study aimed to evaluate the measurement invariance of a general measure of the perception of governmental responses to COVID-|19 (COVID-SCORE-10) in the general population of 13 Latin American countries.

METHODS

A total of 5780 individuals from 13 Latin American and Caribbean countries selected by non-probabilistic snowball sampling participated. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and the alignment method was used to evaluate invariance. Additionally, a graded response model was used for the assessment of item characteristics.

RESULTS

The results indicate that there is approximate measurement invariance of the COVID-SCORE-10 among the participating countries. Furthermore, IRT results suggest that the COVID-SCORE-10 measures with good psychometric ability a broad spectrum of the construct assessed, especially around average levels. Comparison of COVID-SCORE-10 scores indicated that participants from Cuba, Uruguay and El Salvador had the most positive perceptions of government actions to address the pandemic. Thus, the underlying construct of perception of government actions was equivalent in all countries.

CONCLUSION

The results show the importance of initially establishing the fundamental measurement properties and MI before inferring the cross-cultural universality of the construct to be measured.

Assessment of Obsessive Thoughts About COVID-19 in 7 Latin American Countries: Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsession With COVID-19 Scale

The present study aimed to evaluate the measurement invariance of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) among seven Latin American countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Although the OCS has been used in several countries and languages, there is a need for approaches that better integrate the cross-cultural equivalence of the scale. A total of 3185 people participated in the study. The results indicated the presence of a unidimensional structure and good reliability indices for the OCS in each country. The alignment method indicated that the OCS is an invariant measure of COVID-19 obsession among the populations of seven Latin American countries. The findings based on IRT analysis indicated that all OCS items had adequate discrimination and difficulty parameters. The findings contribute to the understanding of the internal structure of the scale in different countries at the same time, something that has been pending evaluation.

Work, telework, and mental health during COVID-19

This review addresses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workers' mental health, in particular, teleworking conditions. Our analysis is based on documents from several international organizations and specialized scientific publications. The retrieved information reveals that the pandemic has had a significant effect on the mental health of frontline workers and employees who had to migrate to a virtual environment without prior warning. However, a positive aspect is reflected in the development of several remote mental health care devices implemented to protect vulnerable population, frontline workers, and the general population. Finally, this paper underscores the importance of developing public policies for protecting workers' mental health.

Impact of COVID-19 on quality of life in Peruvian older adults: construct validity, reliability and invariance of the COV19-Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) measurement

The aim of the present study was to translate into Spanish and evaluate the psychometric evidence of the Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) applied to a sample of Peruvian older adults (N = 298; 58.1% women, 41.9% men, mean age 65.34 years [SD = 11.33]). The study used techniques from the Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). The findings confirmed the single factor structure of the COV19-QoL, high internal consistency reliability, measurement invariance by gender, and all items demonstrated adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. In this sense, the items allow adequate discrimination between low, medium and high levels of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life. In addition, a greater perceived impact of the pandemic on quality of life is necessary to answer the higher response options of the COV19-QoL. In conclusion, the COV19-QoL is a valid measurement scale of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of Peruvian older adults.

Cultura ciudadana y democrática en habitantes de la ciudad de Arequipa, Perú

En esta investigación se pretende valorar la cultura ciudadana y democrática en la ciudad de Arequipa en función de ciertas variables sociodemográficas. Para ello se aplicó la Escala de Cultura Ciudadana y Democrática (Arias & Banda, en prensa) en 805 habitantes de Arequipa metropolitana y se analizaron los datos comparativamente, en función del sexo, la edad, el estado civil, el grado de instrucción y el nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados indican que tomando en cuenta el estado civil, los divorciados, separados y viudos presentan los puntajes más altos en cuanto a la calidad de gobierno (F(3, 805) = 6.875; p< .001; η2 = .025), cultura cívica (F(3, 805) = 2.82; p = .038; η2 = .011) y libertad y democracia (F(3, 805) = 5.289; p = .001; η2 = .020). Además, según el nivel socioeconómico, los evaluados del segmento A/B presentan menores puntajes en cultura cívica (F(3, 805) = 5.140; p = .002; η2 = .019), pero los más altos puntajes en libertad y democracia (F(3, 805) = 7.287; p< .001; η2 = .027). Así mismo, según el grado de instrucción, los evaluados con un nivel superior de estudios tienen los mayores puntajes en libertad y democracia (F(2, 805) = 3.484; p = .031; η2 = .009). Se puede concluir que variables sociodemográficas como el estado civil, nivel socioeconómico y educación están asociados a la valoración de la cultura ciudadana y democrática de los habitantes de la ciudad de Arequipa.

Network analysis of the relationships between conspiracy beliefs towards COVID-19 vaccine and symptoms of fear of COVID-19 in a sample of latin american countries

The present study examined how conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines specifically relate to symptoms of fear of COVID-19 in a sample of four South American countries. A total of 1785 people from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru participated, responding to a sociodemographic survey, the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19 S) and the Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale-COVID-19 (VCBS-COVID-19). Network analysis identified the most important symptoms of fear and conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines (nodes) and the associations between them (edges). In addition, the robustness of the network of these indicators of centrality and the possible differences in the structure and connectivity of the networks between the four countries were evaluated. The results suggest that the nodes with the highest centrality were items 2 and 5 of the FCV-19 S and item 2 of the VCBS-COVID-19. Likewise, item 6 is the belief that most predicts conspiracy beliefs about vaccines against COVID-19; while item 6 was the symptom that most predicts fear of COVID-19. The findings strongly support cross-cultural similarities in the networks across the four countries rather than differences. Although it was expected that a higher presence of symptoms of fear of COVID-19 may lead people to compensate for their fear by believing in conspiratorial ideas about vaccines and, consequently, rejecting the COVID-19 vaccine, the results do not clearly show this relationship. This could lead other researchers to generate evidence to explain the differences between Latin American countries and countries in other contexts in terms of vaccination rates. This evidence could be useful to develop policies favoring vaccination against COVID-19 that are more contextualized to the Latin American region, characterized by social instability and economic recession during the pandemic.

Design and Cross-Cultural Invariance of the COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (COVID-VCBS) in 13 Latin American Countries

Aims

Over the past 2 years, the vaccine conspiracy beliefs construct has been used in a number of different studies. These publications have assessed the determinants and outcomes of vaccine conspiracy beliefs using, in some cases, pooled data from different countries, and compared the results across these contexts. However, studies often do not consider measurement invariance as a necessary requirement for comparative analyses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the cross-cultural MI of the COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (COVID-VCBS) in 12 Latin American countries.

Methods

Confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory analysis and alignment method were applied to test measurement invariance in a large number of groups.

Results

The COVID-VCBS showed robust psychometric properties and measurement invariance for both factor loadings and crosstabs. Also, a higher level of acceptance of conspiracy beliefs about vaccines is necessary to respond to higher response categories. Similarly, greater acceptance of conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines was related to a lower intention to be vaccinated.

Conclusion

The results allow for improved understanding of conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines in the countries assessed; furthermore, they provide researchers and practitioners with an invariant measure that they can use in cross-cultural studies in Latin America. However, further studies are needed to test invariance in other countries, with the goal of developing a truly international measure of conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines.

What Is the Support for Conspiracy Beliefs About COVID-19 Vaccines in Latin America? A Prospective Exploratory Study in 13 Countries

Conspiracy theories about COVID-19 began to emerge immediately after the first news about the disease and threaten to prolong the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by limiting people's willingness of receiving a life-saving vaccine. In this context, this study aimed to explore the variation of conspiracy beliefs regarding COVID-19 and the vaccine against it in 5779 people living in 13 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela) according to sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, educational level and source of information about COVID-19. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic between September 15 and October 25, 2021. The Spanish-language COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs Scale (ECCV-COVID) and a sociodemographic survey were used. The results indicate that, in most countries, women, people with a lower educational level and those who receive information about the vaccine and COVID-19 from family/friends are more supportive of conspiracy ideas regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. In the case of age, the results vary by country. The analysis of the responses to each of the questions of the ECCV-COVID reveals that, in general, the countries evaluated are mostly in some degree of disagreement or indecision regarding conspiratorial beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines. The findings could help open further study which could support prevention and treatment efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prevalence and Predictors of Intention to be Vaccinated Against COVID-19 in Thirteen Latin American and Caribbean Countries

The presence of a significant number of people who do not intend to be vaccinated could negatively impact efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and associated sociodemographic and psychosocial factors in thirteen countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). A total of 5510 people from 13 LAC countries participated. Frequencies, percentages, bivariate analyses using chi-square tests, and Poisson regression analysis with robust variance were used. The countries with the highest prevalence of intention to be vaccinated were Brazil (96.94%), Cuba (89.59%), Chile (84.59%), and Mexico (78.33%). On the other hand, the countries with the lowest prevalence were El Salvador (54.01%), Paraguay (55.87%), and Uruguay (56.40%). Prevalence is also reported according to some sociodemographic and health variables. It was found that country, male sex, hours exposed to information about COVID-19, university education, living in an urban area, belief in the animal origin of the virus, perceived likelihood of contracting COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19, and concern about infecting others significantly predicted intention to be vaccinated in the 13 LAC countries. While most countries had a high prevalence of intention to be vaccinated, there are still subgroups that have levels of intention that may be insufficient to predict the presence of community immunity. In this sense, knowing the estimates of vaccination intention rates, as well as the associated sociodemographic and psychological factors, can be used to plan actions and interventions that will inform about the safety and benefits of vaccines, as well as strengthen trust in health authorities.

Cross-Cultural Validation of a New Version in Spanish of Four Items of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) in Twelve Latin American Countries

The invariance of the Preventive COVID-19 Infection Behaviors Scale (PCIBS) was evaluated in 12 Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay). A total of 5183 people from the aforementioned countries participated, selected using the snowball sampling method. Measurement invariance was assessed by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) and Multi-Group Factor Analysis Alignment (CFA-MIAL). In addition, item characteristics were assessed based on Item Response Theory. The results indicate that the original five-item version of the PCIBS is not adequate; whereas a four-item version of the PCIBS (PCIBS-4) showed a good fit in all countries. Thus, using the MG-CFA method, the PCIBS-4 achieved metric invariance, while the CFA-MIAL method indicated that the PCIBS-4 shows metric and scalar invariance. Likewise, the four items present increasing difficulties and high values in the discrimination parameters. The comparison of means of the PCIBS-4 reported irrelevant differences between countries; however, Mexico and Peru presented the highest frequency of preventive behaviors related to COVID-19. It is concluded that the PCIBS-4 is a unidimensional self-report measure which is reliable and invariant across the twelve participating Latin American countries. It is expected that the findings will be of interest to social and health scientists, as well as those professionals directly involved in public health decision making.

Assessment of Dysfunctional Grief due to Death from COVID-19 in Peru: Adaptation and Validation of a Spanish Version of the Pandemic Grief Scale

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) methods, in a sample of 458 people who have suffered the loss of a loved one due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Pandemic Grief Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), and a single item on suicidal ideation were used. The unidimensional model had good fit and reliability; furthermore, convergent validity was demonstrated based on the relationships between dysfunctional grief, anxiety symptoms, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, a higher presence of dysfunctional grief is required to answer using the higher response categories. The evidence of validity and reliability of the PGS in its Spanish version, using traditional and modern methods, is confirmed in Peru.

Análisis psicométrico del Cuestionario de Autorregulación del Aprendizaje en estudiantes de Psicología de una universidad privada de Arequipa

En el presente estudio de corte psicométrico, se analiza la validez y confiabilidad del Cuestionario de Autorregulación del Aprendizaje en una muestra de 151 estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Psicología de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Arequipa. Se realizaron los cálculos con el análisis factorial exploratorio y el método de consistencia interna, para la validez y la confiabilidad, respectivamente. Los resultados indican que la prueba tiene una estructura de dos factores, similar a la reportada en estudios previos que han confirmado la estructura bifactorial de la versión original.

Belén Salvatierra y la Psicología en Arequipa

En este trabajo de corte histórico, se revisa y analiza la vida y obra de Belén Salvatierra, una de las psicólogas más destacadas del país. Su vida familiar, su formación profesional y su activa producción académica son nuestro objeto de estudio, dado que no existen trabajos previos que aborden las contribuciones que ha hecho a la psicología peruana. Se revisan sus libros, ponencias y artículos de investigación; así como su gestión como Decana de la Facultad de Psicología y Relaciones Industriales y Públicas que fortaleció la profesionalización de la carrera en Arequipa. También se revisan sus líneas de investigación en familia, neuropsicología y salud ocupacional.

Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Machismo Sexual en estudiantes universitarios peruanos y chilenos

En este estudio analizamos las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Machismo Sexual, en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos y una muestra de estudiantes universitarios peruanos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 303 estudiantes hombres de dos universidades privadas de una ciudad de provincia de ambos países. Se aplicó la Escala de Machismo Sexual de Díaz et al. (2010) que consta de 12 ítems y fue construida y validada originalmente en México. Los valores psicométricos indican que la prueba presenta una estructura unidimensional calculada mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y niveles adecuados de confiabilidad solo para la muestra chilena. Aunque no se confirmó el modelo estructural de la prueba original, dado que se tuvo que eliminar un ítem.

Síndrome de Burnout en profesores de escuela y universidad: un análisis psicométrico y comparativo en la ciudad de Arequipa

<p>En el presente estudio se analizaron comparativamente las manifestaciones del síndrome de burnout en profesores de escuela y de universidad, radicados en la ciudad de Arequipa. Se evaluó a un total de 413 profesores, que fueron seleccionados de manera intencional, y se les aplicó el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach, que arrojó adecuados niveles de confiabilidad para nuestra muestra y tres factores obtenidos mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, que confirman la teoría de Maslach y Jackson (1981). Se encontró que existen diferencias significativas en función del sexo, el estado civil y el nivel de enseñanza de los profesores, resultando en mayores niveles de agotamiento para las profesoras de nivel escolar y niveles moderados de despersonalización para los profesores universitarios, en quienes se obtuvieron correlaciones negativas con el número de hijos y el síndrome de burnout.</p>

[Psychometric evidence of a brief version of the Coping Humor Scale in elderly peruvians]

INTRODUCTION

Humour plays an important role in promoting successful and healthy aging. However, its scientific study is still limited, partly due to the absence of validated tools for use in Latin America. The objective of this study was to translate the 5-item Coping with Humor Scale (CHS-5) from English to Spanish and examine the evidence of reliability and validity based on the internal, convergent, and discriminant structure of the Peruvian version of the scale.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

The participants were 236 elderly Peruvian adults (78.4% A confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of correlation (r), and reliability (α, Cronbach's alpha and ω, omega) was performed.

RESULTS

The one-dimensional model presented an adequate fit of the data (χ² = 7.72, df =5, P=.17, χ² / df = 1.54, GFI = 0.988, CFI = 0.996, NFI = 0.988, RMSEA =0. 048 [95% CI; 0.000-0.111]; and SRMR = 0.016). The reliability indexes were adequate (α= 0.86 [95% CI: 0.82-0.89] and ω = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.87-0.91]). A positive correlation was observed between the mean score of CHS-5 and satisfaction with life, and was negative with depression.

CONCLUSIONS

The CHS-5 has excellent psychometric properties, being a measure that provides valid and reliable interpretations to be used in elderly Peruvians with depression.

Validez e invarianza factorial de una medida breve de Satisfacción con la Vida Familiar

Se examinó la estructura factorial, la confiabilidad, la validez convergente y discriminante, y la invarianza factorial por sexo, de la Satisfaction with Family Life Scale (SWFLS). Los participantes fueron 804 estudiantes de primaria y secundaria de escuelas privadas de Lima, con un promedio de edad de 13.5 años (DE = 1.6). Los resultados confirman la estructura unidimensional de la escala (χ2 = 3.49, df = 5, p = 0.63; χ2/df = 0.69; GFI = 0.998; CFI = 1; NFI = 0.998; RMSEA = 0 [IC90% 0, 0.038] y SRMR = 0.007), la invarianza factorial por sexo y una consistencia interna adecuada (α = 0.84; ω = 0.84; H = 0.85). Se obtuvieron evidencias satisfactorias de validez convergente y discriminante de las SWFLS con medidas de funcionalidad familiar, bienestar subjetivo y depresión. En conclusión, la SWFLS presenta excelentes propiedades psicométricas para medir la satisfacción con la vida familiar en escolares limeños.

Psychometric Evidence of the Diener’s Satisfaction with Life Scale in Peruvian Elderly

Introducción: En los últimos años, la satisfacción con la vida ha despertado el interés de la investigación gerontológica, siendo uno de los conceptos más utilizados para medir el bienestar subjetivo, además de constituir un indicador del envejecimiento exitoso. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en adultos mayores peruanos. Participaron 236 personas (78.40% mujeres; 21.60% hombres). La edad promedio fue de 72.8 años y su de = 6.90. Para obtener evidencia de validez convergente y discriminante se aplicaron la prueba de Ítem Único de Satisfacción con la Vida, la Brief Resilient Coping Scale y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica. Resultados: se encuentra que la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida muestra una estructura unidimensional (χ2 = 10.960, DF = 5, p = .05, χ2/DF = 2.192, GFI = .983, CFI = .994, NFI = .988; RMSEA = .071 [IC 90% .000, .129]; y SRMR = .013), se relaciona positivamente con la resiliencia y negativamente con la depresión. Además, presenta altos índices de consistencia interna (alfa = .93; IC 95 %: .90-.94; omega = .93; IC 95 %: .92-.95 y GLB =.94). Conclusión: cuando menos, para propósitos de investigación se recomienda el uso de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en adultos mayores peruanos.

Evidencias psicométricas iniciales de una medida breve sobre preocupación por el cáncer

Objetivo: La preocupación por el cáncer está asociada con los comportamientos preventivos para la detección de esta enfermedad; sin embargo, no existe un instrumento con evidencias de validez y confiabilidad para medir este constructo en países latinoamericanos, entre ellos el Perú. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la validez basada en la estructura interna y fiabilidad de la Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) en una muestra de personas sin diagnóstico oncológico con historia familiar de cáncer. Método: Se contó con la participación de 215 personas sanas con historia familiar de cáncer que acudían al servicio de consulta externa de dos instituciones públicas y privadas de salud de la ciudad de Chimbote con una edad promedio de 42,10 años (DT = 14,05). Para el recojo de información se utilizó una ficha sociodemográfica ad hoc y la Cancer Worry Scale. Resultados: El modelo unidimensional presentó un buen ajuste de los datos (SBχ2 (8) = 14,39; SB χ2 / df = 1,79; CFI = 0,991; SRMR = 0,025; RMSEA = 0,061 [IC90%: 0,000 -0,111]; AIC = 47,701) y una confiabilidad adecuada (ωcorregido = 0,90; IC95%: 0,88-0,92). Conclusión: Se concluye que la CWS presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, siendo una medida que brinda interpretaciones válidas y fiables de la preocupación por el cáncer en el contexto peruano.

Representación de la Psicología Positiva en el Perú: un estudio bibliométrico en diez revistas científicas peruanas del 2000 al 2016

En este estudio se realizó un análisis bibliométrico de las revistas de psicología publicadas en el Perú, con la finalidad de valorar la recepción de la Psicología Positiva de parte de los psicólogos peruanos, en este país. Se revisaron 10 revistas de psicología de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión, y se detectaron 1,701 trabajos publicados, de los cuales, 1,138 fueron de autoría de peruanos. Solo 35 trabajos publicados corresponden a la Psicología Positiva, lo que representa el 3.07% de las publicaciones hechas por psicólogos peruanos. De estos documentos, el 45.72% fueron trabajos de corte bibliográfico (reseñas, artículos de revisión y un comentario), mientras que 54.28% fueron investigaciones empíricas, siendo el método correlacional el más utilizado, después del comparativo, descriptivo y predictivo. Los autores que más publicaciones tienen son Walter Arias, Tomás Caycho y Reynaldo Alarcón, que suman poco más del 50% de la producción total. El autor más citado fue Reynaldo Alarcón, seguido de Martin Seligman, Ed Diener, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Bárbara Fredrickson y Robert Emmons.

Análisis transgeneracional de la violencia familiar a través de la técnica de genogramas

En el presente estudio, se reportan los resultados de la valoración de las dinámicas familiares en personas víctimas de violencia intrafamiliar. Para ello se adoptó un enfoque sistémico familiar y se aplicó la técnica de los genogramas. Se evaluó a 79 personas que acudieron al Ministerio Público de la ciudad de Arequipa, quienes fueron seleccionadas mediante muestreo por cuotas. Como instrumentos se emplearon una ficha de datos sociodemográficos, una hoja de evaluación de genograma y una lista de cotejo. Los datos se procesaron descriptivamente dada la naturaleza de la data obtenida. Los resultados indican que el 78.48% de personas ha sufrido de violencia física, siendo en su mayoría mujeres (83.9%) y que provienen de familias nucleares. Asimismo, sus relaciones con sus padres han sido nulas o distantes, y en sus familias propias, que suelen ser nucleares, las relaciones con sus parejas son conflictivas, mientras que las relaciones con sus hijos tienden a ser distantes, fusionadas y conflictivas.