1
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Lindale JR, Smith LL, Mammen MW, Eriksson SL, Everhart LM, Warren WS. Multi-axis fields boost SABRE hyperpolarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400066121. [PMID: 38536754 PMCID: PMC10998558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400066121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The inherently low signal-to-noise ratio of NMR and MRI is now being addressed by hyperpolarization methods. For example, iridium-based catalysts that reversibly bind both parahydrogen and ligands in solution can hyperpolarize protons (SABRE) or heteronuclei (X-SABRE) on a wide variety of ligands, using a complex interplay of spin dynamics and chemical exchange processes, with common signal enhancements between 103 and 104. This does not approach obvious theoretical limits, and further enhancement would be valuable in many applications (such as imaging mM concentration species in vivo). Most SABRE/X-SABRE implementations require far lower fields (μT-mT) than standard magnetic resonance (>1T), and this gives an additional degree of freedom: the ability to fully modulate fields in three dimensions. However, this has been underexplored because the standard simplifying theoretical assumptions in magnetic resonance need to be revisited. Here, we take a different approach, an evolutionary strategy algorithm for numerical optimization, multi-axis computer-aided heteronuclear transfer enhancement for SABRE (MACHETE-SABRE). We find nonintuitive but highly efficient multiaxial pulse sequences which experimentally can produce a sevenfold improvement in polarization over continuous excitation. This approach optimizes polarization differently than traditional methods, thus gaining extra efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loren L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | | | - Shannon L. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
| | | | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC27708
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2
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Nantogma S, Eriksson SL, Adelabu I, Mandzhieva I, Browning A, TomHon P, Warren WS, Theis T, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Interplay of Near-Zero-Field Dephasing, Rephasing, and Relaxation Dynamics and [1- 13C]Pyruvate Polarization Transfer Efficiency in Pulsed SABRE-SHEATH. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9114-9123. [PMID: 36441955 PMCID: PMC9891742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate is a revolutionary molecular probe enabling ultrafast metabolic MRI scans in 1 min. This technology is now under evaluation in over 30 clinical trials, which employ dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (d-DNP) to prepare a batch of the contrast agent; however, d-DNP technology is slow and expensive. The emerging SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization technique enables fast (under 1 min) and robust production of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate via simultaneous chemical exchange of parahydrogen and pyruvate on IrIMes hexacoordinate complexes. Here, we study the application of microtesla pulses to investigate their effect on C-13 polarization efficiency, compared to that of conventional SABRE-SHEATH employing a static field (∼0.4 μT), to provide the matching conditions of polarization transfer from parahydrogen-derived hydrides to the 13C-1 nucleus. Our results demonstrate that using square-microtesla pulses with optimized parameters can produce 13C-1 polarization levels of up to 14.8% (when detected, averaging over all resonances), corresponding to signal enhancement by over 122,000-fold at the clinically relevant field of 1.4 T. We anticipate that our results can be directly translated to other structurally similar biomolecules such as [1-13C]α-ketoglutarate and [1-13C]α-ketoisocaproate. Moreover, other more advanced pulse shapes can potentially further boost heteronuclear polarization attainable via pulsed SABRE-SHEATH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shannon L. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Iuliia Mandzhieva
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
| | - Austin Browning
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
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3
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Park H, Eriksson S, Warren WS, Wang Q. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 15N- and 13C-labeled molecular probes as hyperpolarized nitric oxide sensors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 72:116969. [PMID: 36029732 PMCID: PMC9648624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in a wide range of biological processes. Development of non-invasive, real-time detection of NO is greatly desired yet remains challenging. Here we report the design and development of novel 15N- and 13C-labeled NO-sensing probes for hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance (HP-NMR) studies. These probes undergo selective and rapid reaction with NO to generate in situ AZO-products that can be monitored with distinguishable NMR signals as a read-out. This study also allows for a direct comparison of the 15N and 13C nuclei performances in hyperpolarized reaction-based probes. The simple and general SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization method works on the 15N- and 13C-NO-sensing probes. Measured long spin-lattice relaxation (T1) values, especially for 15N-NO probes, will allow for real-time reaction-based imaging of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shannon Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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4
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Eriksson SL, Mammen MW, Eriksson CW, Lindale JR, Warren WS. Multiaxial fields improve SABRE efficiency by preserving hydride order. J Magn Reson 2022; 342:107282. [PMID: 35970048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and the heteronuclear variant, X-SABRE, increase the sensitivity of magnetic resonance techniques using order derived from reversible binding of para-hydrogen. One current limitation of SABRE is suboptimal polarization transfer over the lifetime of the complex. Here, we demonstrate a multiaxial low-field pulse sequence which allows optimal polarization build-up during a low-field "evolution" pulse, followed by a high-field "mixing" pulse which permits proton decoupling along an orthogonal axis. This preserves the singlet character of the hydrides while allowing exchange to replenish the ligands on the iridium catalyst. This strategy leads to a 2.5-fold improvement over continuous field SABRE SHEATH experimentally which was confirmed with numerical simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Mathew W Mammen
- Department of Physics, Duke University, NC 27708, United States
| | - Clark W Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Jacob R Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
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5
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Grass D, Beasley GM, Fischer MC, Selim MA, Zhou Y, Warren WS. Contrast mechanisms in pump-probe microscopy of melanin. Opt Express 2022; 30:31852-31862. [PMID: 36242259 PMCID: PMC9576283 DOI: 10.1364/oe.469506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pump-probe microscopy of melanin in tumors has been proposed to improve diagnosis of malignant melanoma, based on the hypothesis that aggressive cancers disaggregate melanin structure. However, measured signals of melanin are complex superpositions of multiple nonlinear processes, which makes interpretation challenging. Polarization control during measurement and data fitting are used to decompose signals of melanin into their underlying molecular mechanisms. We then identify the molecular mechanisms that are most susceptible to melanin disaggregation and derive false-coloring schemes to highlight these processes in biological tissue. We demonstrate that false-colored images of a small set of melanoma tumors correlate with clinical concern. More generally, our systematic approach of decomposing pump-probe signals can be applied to a multitude of different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grass
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia M. Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Martin C. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M. Angelica Selim
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry,
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Li X, Lindale JR, Eriksson SL, Warren WS. SABRE enhancement with oscillating pulse sequences. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16462-16470. [PMID: 35552575 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
SABRE (Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange) methods provide a simple, fast, and cost-effective method to hyperpolarize a wide variety of molecules in solution, and have been demonstrated with protons and, more recently, with heteronuclei (X-SABRE). Here, we present several oscillating pulse sequences that use magnetic fields far away from the resonance condition of continuous excitation and can commonly triple the polarization. An analysis with average Hamiltonian theory indicates that the oscillating pulse, in effect, adjusts the J-couplings between hydrides and target nuclei and that a much weaker coupling produces maximum polarization. This theoretical treatment, combined with simulations and experiment, shows substantial magnetization improvements relative to traditional X-SABRE methods. It also shows that, in contrast to most pulse sequence applications, waveforms with reduced time symmetry in the toggling frame make magnetization generation more robust to experimental imperfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Jacob R Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shannon L Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA
- School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Physics, Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC (27708), USA.
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7
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Lindale JR, Eriksson SL, Warren WS. Phase coherent excitation of SABRE permits simultaneous hyperpolarization of multiple targets at high magnetic field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7214-7223. [PMID: 35266466 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization methods in magnetic resonance overcome sensitivity limitations, especially for low-γ nuclei such as 13C and 15N. Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and extended SABRE (X-SABRE) are efficient and low-cost methods for generating large polarizations on a variety of nuclei, but they most commonly use low magnetic fields (μT-mT). High field approaches, where hyperpolarization is generated directly in the spectrometer, are potentially much more convenient but have been limited to selectively hyperpolarize single targets. Here we introduce a new pulse sequence-based approach that affords broadband excitation of SABRE hyperpolarization at high magnetic fields without having to tailor pulse sequence parameters to specific targets. This permits simultaneous hyperpolarization of multiple targets for the first time at high field and offers a direct approach to integration of high-field SABRE hyperpolarization into routine NMR applications, such as NMR-based metabonomics and biomolecular NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shannon L Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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8
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Eriksson SL, Lindale JR, Li X, Warren WS. Improving SABRE hyperpolarization with highly nonintuitive pulse sequences: Moving beyond avoided crossings to describe dynamics. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl3708. [PMID: 35294248 PMCID: PMC8926330 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) creates "hyperpolarization" (large spin magnetization) using a transition metal catalyst and parahydrogen, addressing the sensitivity limitations of magnetic resonance. SABRE and its heteronuclear variant X-SABRE are simple, fast, and general, but to date have not produced polarization levels as large as more established methods. We show here that the commonly used theoretical framework for these applications, which focuses on avoided crossings (also called level anticrossings or LACs), steer current SABRE and X-SABRE experiments away from optimal solutions. Accurate simulations show astonishingly rich and unexpected dynamics in SABRE/X-SABRE, which we explain with a combination of perturbation theory and average Hamiltonian approaches. This theoretical picture predicts simple pulse sequences with field values far from LACs (both instantaneously and on average) using different terms in the effective Hamiltonian to strategically control evolution and improve polarization transfer. Substantial signal enhancements under such highly nonintuitive conditions are verified experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27704, USA
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9
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Warren WS. Earning the public's trust. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo6347. [PMID: 35263145 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Warren S Warren
- Warren S. Warren, Deputy Editor, Science Advances, James B. Duke Professor at Duke University.
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10
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Bae J, Zhang G, Park H, Warren WS, Wang Q. 15N-Azides as practical and effective tags for developing long-lived hyperpolarized agents. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14309-14315. [PMID: 34760217 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Azide moieties, unique linear species containing three nitrogen atoms, represent an attractive class of molecular tag for hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (HP-MRI). Here we demonstrate (15N)3-azide-containing molecules exhibit long-lasting hyperpolarization lifetimes up to 9.8 min at 1 T with remarkably high polarization levels up to 11.6% in water, thus establishing (15N)3-azide as a powerful spin storage for hyperpolarization. A single (15N)-labeled azide has also been examined as an effective alternative tag with long-lived hyperpolarization. A variety of biologically important molecules are studied in this work, including choline, glucose, amino acid, and drug derivatives, demonstrating great potential of 15N-labeled azides as universal hyperpolarized tags for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Guannan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Hyejin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA .,Department of Physics, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
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11
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Jiang J, Grass D, Zhou Y, Warren WS, Fischer MC. Beyond intensity modulation: new approaches to pump-probe microscopy. Opt Lett 2021; 46:1474-1477. [PMID: 33720215 DOI: 10.1364/ol.417905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pump-probe microscopy is an emerging nonlinear imaging technique based on high repetition rate lasers and fast intensity modulation. Here, we present new methods for pump-probe microscopy that keep the beam intensity constant and instead modulate the inter-pulse time delay or the relative polarization. These techniques can improve image quality for samples that have poor heat dissipation or long-lived radiative states and can selectively address nonlinear interactions in the sample. We experimentally demonstrate this approach and point out the advantages over conventional intensity modulation.
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12
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Fischer EP, Fischer MC, Grass D, Henrion I, Warren WS, Westman E. Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech. Sci Adv 2020; 6:sciadv.abd3083. [PMID: 32917603 PMCID: PMC7467698 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mandates for mask use in public during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, worsened by global shortage of commercial supplies, have led to widespread use of homemade masks and mask alternatives. It is assumed that wearing such masks reduces the likelihood for an infected person to spread the disease, but many of these mask designs have not been tested in practice. We have demonstrated a simple optical measurement method to evaluate the efficacy of masks to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets during regular speech. In proof-of-principle studies, we compared a variety of commonly available mask types and observed that some mask types approach the performance of standard surgical masks, while some mask alternatives, such as neck gaiters or bandanas, offer very little protection. Our measurement setup is inexpensive and can be built and operated by nonexperts, allowing for rapid evaluation of mask performance during speech, sneezing, or coughing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma P Fischer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Martin C Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David Grass
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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13
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Colell JFP, Logan AWJ, Zhou Z, Lindale JR, Laasner R, Shchepin RV, Chekmenev EY, Blum V, Warren WS, Malcolmson SJ, Theis T. Rational ligand choice extends the SABRE substrate scope. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9336-9339. [PMID: 32671356 PMCID: PMC7443256 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on chelating ligands for Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) catalysts that permit hyperpolarisation on otherwise sterically hindered substrates. We demonstrate 1H enhancements of ∼100-fold over 8.5 T thermal for 2-substituted pyridines, and smaller, yet significant enhancements for provitamin B6 and caffeine. We also show 15N-enhancements of ∼1000-fold and 19F-enhancements of 30-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Raul Laasner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | | | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Lindale JR, Eriksson SL, Tanner CPN, Warren WS. Infinite-order perturbative treatment for quantum evolution with exchange. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabb6874. [PMID: 32821841 PMCID: PMC7413723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many important applications in biochemistry, materials science, and catalysis sit squarely at the interface between quantum and statistical mechanics: Coherent evolution is interrupted by discrete events, such as binding of a substrate or isomerization. Theoretical models for such dynamics usually truncate the incorporation of these events to the linear response limit, thus requiring small step sizes. Here, we completely reassess the foundations of chemical exchange models and redesign a master equation treatment for exchange accurate to infinite order in perturbation theory. The net result is an astonishingly simple correction to the traditional picture, which vastly improves convergence with no increased computational cost. We demonstrate that this approach accurately and efficiently extracts physical parameters from complex experimental data, such as coherent hyperpolarization dynamics in magnetic resonance, and is applicable to a wide range of other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon L. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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15
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Jiang J, Warren WS, Fischer MC. Crossed-beam pump-probe microscopy. Opt Express 2020; 28:11259-11266. [PMID: 32403640 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a new imaging method for pump-probe microscopy that explores non-collinear excitation. This method (crossed-beam pump-probe microscopy, or CBPM) can significantly improve the axial resolution when imaging through low-NA lenses, providing an alternative way for depth-resolved, large field-of-view imaging. We performed a proof-of-concept demonstration, characterized CBPM's resolution using different imaging lenses, and measured an enhanced axial resolution for certain types of low-NA lenses.
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16
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Park H, Zhang G, Bae J, Theis T, Warren WS, Wang Q. Application of 15N 2-Diazirines as a Versatile Platform for Hyperpolarization of Biological Molecules by d-DNP. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:537-541. [PMID: 32023034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
15N2-Diazirines represent an attractive class of imaging tags for hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (HP-MRI), offering desirable biocompatibility, ease of incorporation into a variety of molecules, and ability to deliver long-lasting polarization. We have recently established hyperpolarization of 15N2-diazirines in organic solvents using SABRE-Shield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH). Yet, the current challenge of SABRE-SHEATH in water, specifically poor polarization efficiency, presents a barrier in examining the practical use of 15N2-diazirines for HP-MRI. Herein, we show that efficient polarization of diverse 15N2-diazirine-labeled molecules in water can be readily achieved by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP), a hyperpolarization technique used in clinical practice. Hyperpolarization by d-DNP also demonstrates greater enhancement for long-lasting 15N signals, in comparison with SABRE-SHEATH. Various biologically important molecules are studied in this work, including amino acid, sugar, and drug compounds, demonstrating the great potential of 15N2-diazirines as molecular tags in broad biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Guannan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Department of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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17
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Yu J, Li Z, Kolodziej C, Kuyuldar S, Warren WS, Burda C, Fischer MC. Visualizing the impact of chloride addition on the microscopic carrier dynamics of MAPbI3 thin films using femtosecond transient absorption microscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5127875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Zhongguo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Charles Kolodziej
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Seher Kuyuldar
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Martin C. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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18
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Gemeinhardt ME, Limbach MN, Gebhardt TR, Eriksson CW, Eriksson SL, Lindale JR, Goodson EA, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM. “Direct”
13
C Hyperpolarization of
13
C‐Acetate by MicroTesla NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max E. Gemeinhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Miranda N. Limbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Thomas R. Gebhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Clark W. Eriksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Shannon L. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Durham NC USA
- School of Medicine Duke University Durham NC USA
| | | | | | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Durham NC USA
- James B. Duke Professor, Physics Chemistry, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering; Director Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
- Materials Technology Center Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
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19
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Gemeinhardt ME, Limbach MN, Gebhardt TR, Eriksson CW, Eriksson SL, Lindale JR, Goodson EA, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM. "Direct" 13 C Hyperpolarization of 13 C-Acetate by MicroTesla NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:418-423. [PMID: 31661580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate "direct" 13 C hyperpolarization of 13 C-acetate via signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE). The standard SABRE homogeneous catalyst [Ir-IMes; [IrCl(COD)(IMes)], (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), imidazole-2-ylidene; COD=cyclooctadiene)] was first activated in the presence of an auxiliary substrate (pyridine) in alcohol. Following addition of sodium 1-13 C-acetate, parahydrogen bubbling within a microtesla magnetic field (i.e. under conditions of SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei, SABRE-SHEATH) resulted in positive enhancements of up to ≈100-fold in the 13 C NMR signal compared to thermal equilibrium at 9.4 T. The present results are consistent with a mechanism of "direct" transfer of spin order from parahydrogen to 13 C spins of acetate weakly bound to the catalyst, under conditions of fast exchange with respect to the 13 C acetate resonance, but we find that relaxation dynamics at microtesla fields alter the optimal matching from the traditional SABRE-SHEATH picture. Further development of this approach could lead to new ways to rapidly, cheaply, and simply hyperpolarize a broad range of substrates (e.g. metabolites with carboxyl groups) for various applications, including biomedical NMR and MRI of cellular and in vivo metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max E Gemeinhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Miranda N Limbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Thomas R Gebhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Clark W Eriksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shannon L Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,James B. Duke Professor, Physics, Chemistry, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering; Director, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.,Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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20
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Warren WS. Introduction to special collection on New Scientific Methods for Cultural Heritage. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaz3323. [PMID: 31616797 PMCID: PMC6774719 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Warren S Warren
- Warren S. Warren, James B. Duke Professor, Physics, Chemistry, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Warren is deputy editor of Science Advances covering physical and materials sciences.
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21
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Lindale JR, Tanner CPN, Eriksson SL, Warren WS. Decoupled LIGHT-SABRE variants allow hyperpolarization of asymmetric SABRE systems at an arbitrary field. J Magn Reson 2019; 307:106577. [PMID: 31454701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange, or SABRE, uses the singlet-order of parahydrogen to generate hyperpolarized signals on target nuclei, bypassing the limitations of traditional magnetic resonance. Experiments performed directly in the magnet provide a route to generate large magnetizations continuously without having to field-cycle the sample. For heteronuclear SABRE, these high-field methods have been restricted to the few SABRE complexes that exhibit efficient exchange with symmetric ligand environments as co-ligands induce chemical shift differences between the parahydrogen-derived hydrides, destroying the hyperpolarized spin order. Through careful consideration of the underlying spin physics, we introduce 1H decoupled LIGHT-SABRE pulse sequence variants which bypasses this limitation, drastically expanding the scope of heteronuclear SABRE at high field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | | | - Shannon L Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Warren S Warren
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
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22
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Glachet T, Marzag H, Saraiva Rosa N, Colell JFP, Zhang G, Warren WS, Franck X, Theis T, Reboul V. Iodonitrene in Action: Direct Transformation of Amino Acids into Terminal Diazirines and 15N 2-Diazirines and Their Application as Hyperpolarized Markers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13689-13696. [PMID: 31373802 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot metal-free conversion of unprotected amino acids to terminal diazirines has been developed using phenyliodonium diacetate (PIDA) and ammonia. This PIDA-mediated transformation occurs via three consecutive reactions and involves an iodonitrene intermediate. This method is tolerant to most functional groups found on the lateral chain of amino acids, it is operationally simple, and it can be scaled up to provide multigram quantities of diazirine. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that this transformation could be applied to dipeptides without racemization. Furthermore, 14N2 and 15N2 isotopomers can be obtained, emphasizing a key trans-imination step when using 15NH3. In addition, we report the first experimental observation of 14N/15N isotopomers directly creating an asymmetric carbon. Finally, the 15N2-diazirine from l-tyrosine was hyperpolarized by a parahydrogen-based method (SABRE-SHEATH), demonstrating the products' utility as hyperpolarized molecular tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Glachet
- Normandie Univ , ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT , 14000 Caen , France
| | - Hamid Marzag
- Normandie Univ , ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT , 14000 Caen , France
| | | | - Johannes F P Colell
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , 124 Science Drive , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Guannan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , 124 Science Drive , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , 124 Science Drive , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Xavier Franck
- Normandie Univ , CNRS, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , 124 Science Drive , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , 2620 Yarbrough Drive , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Vincent Reboul
- Normandie Univ , ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT , 14000 Caen , France
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23
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Ariyasingha NM, Lindale JR, Eriksson SL, Clark GP, Theis T, Shchepin RV, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY. Quasi-Resonance Fluorine-19 Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4229-4236. [PMID: 31291106 PMCID: PMC6675627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on an extension of the quasi-resonance (QUASR) pulse sequence used for signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), showing that we may target distantly J-coupled 19F-spins. Polarization transfer from the parahydrogen-derived hydrides to the 19F nucleus is accomplished via weak five-bond J-couplings using a shaped QUASR radio frequency pulse at a 0.05 T magnetic field. The net result is the direct generation of hyperpolarized 19F z-magnetization, derived from the parahydrogen singlet order. An accumulation of 19F polarization on the free ligand is achieved with subsequent repetition of this pulse sequence. The hyperpolarized 19F signal exhibits clear dependence on the pulse length, irradiation frequency, and delay time in a manner similar to that reported for 15N QUASR-SABRE. Moreover, the hyperpolarized 19F signals of 3-19F-14N-pyridine and 3-19F-15N-pyridine isotopologues are similar, suggesting that (i) polarization transfer via QUASR-SABRE is irrespective of the nitrogen isotopologue and (ii) the presence or absence of the spin-1/2 15N nucleus has no impact on the efficiency of QUASR-SABRE polarization transfer. Although optimization of polarization transfer efficiency to 19F (P19F ≈ 0.1%) was not the goal of this study, we show that high-field SABRE can be efficient and broadly applicable for direct hyperpolarization of 19F spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwandi M. Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Jacob R. Lindale
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Shannon L. Eriksson
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Grayson P. Clark
- Duke Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota, 57701, United States
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Duke University Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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24
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Tanner CPN, Lindale JR, Eriksson SL, Zhou Z, Colell JFP, Theis T, Warren WS. Selective hyperpolarization of heteronuclear singlet states via pulsed microtesla SABRE. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044201. [PMID: 31370556 DOI: 10.1063/1.5108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and its heteronuclear variant SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei create large nuclear magnetization in target ligands, exploiting level crossings in an iridium catalyst that transiently binds both the ligands and parahydrogen. This requires a specific, small magnetic field to match Zeeman splittings to scalar couplings. Here, we explore a different strategy, direct creation of heteronuclear singlet states in the target ligands, which produces enhanced signals at other field strengths, including zero field. We also show that pulsed methods (including pulsed field nulling) coherently and selectively pump such singlets, affording a significant enhancement on the resulting hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob R Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Shannon L Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | | | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27506, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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25
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Zhang G, Colell JFP, Glachet T, Lindale JR, Reboul V, Theis T, Warren WS. Terminal Diazirines Enable Reverse Polarization Transfer from
15
N
2
Singlets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | | | - Thomas Glachet
- Normandie Univ LCMT, ENSICAEN UNICAEN CNRS 14000 Caen France
| | | | - Vincent Reboul
- Normandie Univ LCMT, ENSICAEN UNICAEN CNRS 14000 Caen France
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry NC State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
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26
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Zhang G, Colell JFP, Glachet T, Lindale JR, Reboul V, Theis T, Warren WS. Terminal Diazirines Enable Reverse Polarization Transfer from 15 N 2 Singlets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11118-11124. [PMID: 31168901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diazirine moieties are chemically stable and have been incorporated into biomolecules without impediment of biological activity. The 15 N2 labeled diazirines are appealing motifs for hyperpolarization supporting relaxation protected states with long-lived lifetimes. The (-CH15 N2 ) diazirine groups investigated here are analogues to methyl groups, which provides the opportunity to transfer polarization stored on a relaxation protected (-CH15 N2 ) moiety to 1 H, thus combining the advantages of long lifetimes of 15 N polarization with superior sensitivity of 1 H detection. Despite the proximity of 1 H to 15 N nuclei in the diazirine moiety, 15 N T1 times of up to (4.6±0.4) min and singlet lifetimes Ts of up to (17.5±3.8) min are observed. Furthermore, we found terminal diazirines to support hyperpolarized 1 H2 singlet states in CH2 groups of chiral molecules. The singlet lifetime of 1 H singlets is up to (9.2±1.8) min, thus exceeding 1 H T1 relaxation time (at 8.45 T) by a factor of ≈100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Thomas Glachet
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Jacob R Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Vincent Reboul
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of, Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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27
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Robles FE, Deb S, Vajzovic L, Vora GK, Mruthyunjaya P, Warren WS. Analysis of Melanin Structure and Biochemical Composition in Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions Using Pump-Probe Microscopy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:33. [PMID: 31183249 PMCID: PMC6549561 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We analyze melanin structure and biochemical composition in conjunctival melanocytic lesions using pump-probe microscopy to assess the potential for this method to assist in melanoma diagnosis. Methods Pump-probe microscopy interrogates transient excited-state photodynamic properties of absorbing molecules, which yields highly specific molecular information with subcellular spatial resolution. This method is applied to analyze melanin in 39 unstained, thin biopsy specimens of melanocytic conjunctival lesions. Quantitative features of the biochemical composition and structure of melanin in histopathologic specimens are assessed using a geometric representation of principal component analysis (PCA) and principles of mathematical morphology. Diagnostic power is determined using a feature selection algorithm combined with cross validation. Results Conjunctival melanomas show higher biochemical heterogeneity and different overall biochemical composition than primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva (PAM) without severe atypia. The molecular signatures of PAMs with severe atypia more closely resemble melanomas than other types of PAMs. Pigment organization in the tissue becomes more disorganized as diagnosis of the lesions worsen, but nevi are more inconsistent biochemically and structurally than other lesions. Relatively high sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) is achieved for differentiating between various melanocytic lesions, particularly PAMs without severe atypia and melanomas (SE = 89%; SP = 87%). Conclusions Pump-probe microscopy is a powerful tool that can identify quantitative, phenotypic differences between various types of conjunctival melanocytic lesions. Translational Relevance This study further validates the use of pump-probe microscopy as a potential diagnostic aid for histopathologic evaluation of conjunctival melanocytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco E Robles
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lejla Vajzovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gargi K Vora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke University, Departments of Physics, Durham, NC, USA
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28
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Yu J, Warren WS, Fischer MC. Visualization of vermilion degradation using pump-probe microscopy. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw3136. [PMID: 31245540 PMCID: PMC6588381 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the use of pump-probe microscopy for high-resolution studies of vermilion degradation. Vermilion (mostly α-HgS), an important red pigment used in historical paintings, blackens over time, and metallic Hg and β-HgS have been implicated as possible degradation products. Conventional analysis techniques have trouble differentiating α- and β-HgS with sufficiently high spatial resolution. However, pump-probe microscopy can differentiate metallic mercury, α- and β-HgS, and map each distribution on the microscopic scale. We studied artificial degradation of α-HgS; femtosecond-pulsed laser irradiation induces an irreversible phase shift of α- to β-HgS, in which the initial presence of β-HgS grains can increase the rate of conversion in their vicinity. Continuous ultraviolet exposure instead generates both liquid Hg and β-HgS, with a conversion rate that increases with elevated temperatures. Last, we reveal the presence of β-HgS as a natural degradation product in discolored vermilion layers in a 14th century Italian painting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Martin C. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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29
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Shchepin RV, Birchall JR, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Theis T, Warren WS, Gelovani JG, Goodson BM, Shokouhi S, Rosen MS, Yen YF, Pham W, Chekmenev EY. Hyperpolarizing Concentrated Metronidazole 15 NO 2 Group over Six Chemical Bonds with More than 15 % Polarization and a 20 Minute Lifetime. Chemistry 2019; 25:8829-8836. [PMID: 30964568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The NMR hyperpolarization of uniformly 15 N-labeled [15 N3 ]metronidazole is demonstrated by using SABRE-SHEATH. In this antibiotic, the 15 NO2 group is hyperpolarized through spin relays created by 15 N spins in [15 N3 ]metronidazole, and the polarization is transferred from parahydrogen-derived hydrides over six chemical bonds. In less than a minute of parahydrogen bubbling at approximately 0.4 μT, a high level of nuclear spin polarization (P15N ) of around 16 % is achieved on all three 15 N sites. This product of 15 N polarization and concentration of 15 N spins is around six-fold better than any previous value determined for 15 N SABRE-derived hyperpolarization. At 1.4 T, the hyperpolarized state persists for tens of minutes (relaxation time, T1 ≈10 min). A novel synthesis of uniformly 15 N-enriched metronidazole is reported with a yield of 15 %. This approach can potentially be used for synthesis of a wide variety of in vivo metabolic probes with potential uses ranging from hypoxia sensing to theranostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, USA
| | - Sepideh Shokouhi
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, USA
| | - Wellington Pham
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Ju KY, Degan S, Fischer MC, Zhou KC, Jia X, Yu J, Warren WS. Unraveling the molecular nature of melanin changes in metastatic cancer. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-13. [PMID: 30977334 PMCID: PMC6460485 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.5.051414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
More people die from melanoma after a stage I diagnosis than after a stage IV diagnosis, because the tools available to clinicians do not readily identify which early-stage cancers will be aggressive. Near-infrared pump-probe microscopy detects fundamental differences in melanin structure between benign human moles and melanoma and also correlates with metastatic potential. However, the biological mechanisms of these changes have been difficult to quantify, as many different mechanisms can contribute to the pump-probe signal. We use model systems (sepia, squid, and synthetic eumelanin), cellular uptake studies, and a range of pump and probe wavelengths to demonstrate that the clinically observed effects come from alterations of the aggregated mode from "thick oligomer stacks" to "thin oligomer stacks" (due to changes in monomer composition) and (predominantly) deaggregation of the assembled melanin structure. This provides the opportunity to use pump-probe microscopy for the detection and study of melanin-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-Youn Ju
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Simone Degan
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke University, Department of Radiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Martin C. Fischer
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kevin C. Zhou
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Jia
- Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jin Yu
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke University, Department of Radiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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31
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Lindale JR, Eriksson SL, Tanner CPN, Zhou Z, Colell JFP, Zhang G, Bae J, Chekmenev EY, Theis T, Warren WS. Unveiling coherently driven hyperpolarization dynamics in signal amplification by reversible exchange. Nat Commun 2019; 10:395. [PMID: 30674881 PMCID: PMC6344499 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is an efficient method to hyperpolarize spin-1/2 nuclei and affords signals that are orders of magnitude larger than those obtained by thermal spin polarization. Direct polarization transfer to heteronuclei such as 13C or 15N has been optimized at static microTesla fields or using coherence transfer at high field, and relies on steady state exchange with the polarization transfer catalyst dictated by chemical kinetics. Here we demonstrate that pulsing the excitation field induces complex coherent polarization transfer dynamics, but in fact pulsing with a roughly 1% duty cycle on resonance produces more magnetization than constantly being on resonance. We develop a Monte Carlo simulation approach to unravel the coherent polarization dynamics, show that existing SABRE approaches are quite inefficient in use of para-hydrogen order, and present improved sequences for efficient hyperpolarization. There is increasing effort to improve the signal sensitivity and explore the hyperpolarization dynamics. Here the authors demonstrate the parahydrogen spin transfer dynamics in compounds containing 15N using SABRE hyperpolarization technique with different strengths of the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | | | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Guannan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Abstract
In this work, we investigate the relationship between the complex hierarchical assembly structure of eumelanin, its characteristic broad absorption band, and the highly unusual nonlinear dynamics revealed by pump-probe or transient absorption microscopy. Melanin-like nanoparticles (MelNPs), generated by spontaneous oxidation of dopamine, were created with uniform but adjustable size distributions, and kinetically controlled oxidation was probed with a wide range of characterization methods. This lets us explore the broad absorption bands of eumelanin models at different assembly levels, such as small subunit fractions (single monomeric and oligomeric units and small oligomer stacks), stacked oligomer fractions (protomolecules), and large-scale aggregates of protomolecules (parental particles). Both the absorption and pump-probe dynamics are very sensitive to these structural differences or to the size of intact particles (a surprising result for an organic polymer). We show that the geometric packing order of protomolecules in long-range aggregation is key secondary interactions to extend the absorption band of eumelanin to the low energy spectrum and produce drastic changes in the transient absorption spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-Youn Ju
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Martin C Fischer
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Department of Physics , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Department of Physics , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Department of Radiology , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
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Ghadiri E, Shin D, Shafiee A, Warren WS, Mitzi DB. Grain-Resolved Ultrafast Photophysics in Cu 2BaSnS 4- xSe x Semiconductors Using Pump-Probe Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Microscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:39615-39623. [PMID: 30350945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we analyze fundamental photoexcitation processes and charge carrier kinetics in Cu2BaSnS4- xSe x (CBTSSe), a recently introduced alternative to Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 and Cu2ZnSnS4- xSe x (CZTSSe) photovoltaic/photoelectrochemical absorbers, using advanced laser spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The broadband pump-probe diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technique facilitates monitoring the ultrafast processes in opaque CBTSSe films deposited on Mo-coated glass substrates, similar to the configuration found in functional devices. We spectrally resolve a sharp ground-state bleaching (GSB) peak for CBTSSe films, formed around the band edge transition, which is spectrally narrower than the GSB and stimulated emission in corresponding CZTSSe films. The presence of sharp electronic transitions is further deduced from the ensemble pump-probe spectroscopy and steady-state UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Furthermore, using pump-probe diffuse reflectance scanning microscopy, we monitor the charge carrier formation and excited state pattern within the film grains at few hundred nanometer resolution and localize the kinetics of photogenerated carriers in each grain. The unique sensitivity of pump-probe microscopy and sharp electronic transitions allow for detection of small S/Se stoichiometry variations, Δ x ≤ 0.3, in CBTSSe grains-i.e., features that are largely unresolved for ensemble spectroscopy or luminescence measurements. By noting the sharp band edge transition, we show that the band tailing issue (prevalent for CZTSSe) is largely resolved for CBTSSe; however, other issues may remain, such as deep defects and fast carriers relaxations, which may still impact the photocurrent and open circuit voltage of the CBTSSe devices/films examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghadiri
- Department of Chemistry , Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem 27109 , North Carolina , United States
| | - Donghyeop Shin
- Photovoltaics Laboratory , Korea Institute of Energy Research , Daejeon 34129 , Korea
| | - Ashkan Shafiee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem 27157 , North Carolina , United States
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34
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Yu J, Warren WS, Fischer MC. Spectroscopic Differentiation and Microscopic Imaging of Red Organic Pigments Using Optical Pump-Probe Contrast. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12686-12691. [PMID: 30350615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of red organic pigments in artworks (and in forensics applications) is challenging, because conventional nondestructive mapping techniques provide little contrast, and most chemical analyses with high specificity require sample removal. Here we demonstrate a new optical approach, pump-probe microscopy, for the analysis of red organic pigments. We investigate Carmine naccarat, Lac dye, purpurin, alizarin, madder lake, and eosin Y and show that their intrinsic photophysical properties produce distinctive pump-probe spectra. We utilize this contrast for high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging without the need for physical sample removal. Lastly, we highlight the potential of pump-probe microscopy as an analytical tool for forensics of other types of organic colorants by investigating a series of automotive paints.
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35
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Abstract
Here we present the feasibility of NMR signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) using radio frequency irradiation at low magnetic field (0.05 T) in the regime where the chemical shifts of free and catalyst-bound species are similar. In SABRE, the 15N-containing substrate and parahydrogen perform simultaneous chemical exchange on an iridium hexacoordinate complex. A shaped spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC) radio frequency pulse sequence followed by a delay is applied at quasi-resonance (QUASR) conditions of 15N spins of a 15N-enriched substrate. As a result of this pulse sequence application, 15N z-magnetization is created from the spin order of parahydrogen-derived hyperpolarized hydrides. The repetition of the pulse sequence block consisting of a shaped radio frequency pulse and the delay leads to the buildup of 15N magnetization. The modulation of this effect by the irradiation frequency, pulse duration and amplitude, delay duration, and number of pumping cycles was demonstrated. Pyridine-15N, acetonitrile-15N, and metronidazole-15N2-13C2 substrates were studied representing three classes of compounds (five- and six-membered heterocycles and nitrile), showing the wide applicability of the technique. Metronidazole-15N2-13C2 is an FDA-approved antibiotic that can be injected in large quantities, promising noninvasive and accurate hypoxia sensing. The 15N hyperpolarization levels attained with QUASR-SABRE on metronidazole-15N2-13C2 were more than 2-fold greater than those with SABRE-SHEATH (SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei), demonstrating that QUASR-SABRE can deliver significantly more efficient means of SABRE hyperpolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Nuwandi M. Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, United States
| | - Jacob Lindale
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Bae J, Zhou Z, Theis T, Warren WS, Wang Q. 15N 4-1,2,4,5-tetrazines as potential molecular tags: Integrating bioorthogonal chemistry with hyperpolarization and unearthing para-N 2. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaar2978. [PMID: 29536045 PMCID: PMC5844705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance (HP-MR) is a powerful, sensitive, and noninvasive approach to visualize molecular structure, function, and dynamics in vitro and in vivo. Current applications of HP-MR mostly rely on hyperpolarization of target compounds in dedicated hyperpolarizers because biomolecules can typically not be hyperpolarized directly in vivo. The injected hyperpolarized probes often undergo multiple metabolic pathways in living systems, and it remains challenging to localize and identify specific targets with high chemical selectivity. To address these current limitations in HP-MR, we report a novel hyperpolarization tagging strategy that integrates bioorthogonal chemistry and hyperpolarization to achieve the specific hyperpolarization of targets. This strategy is demonstrated by studies of hyperpolarized 15N4-1,2,4,5-tetrazines, which undergo rapid and selective cycloaddition with cyclooctyne to provide hyperpolarized 15N2-containing cycloaddition products and hyperpolarized 15N2 gas. This work not only suggests great potential of 15N4-1,2,4,5-tetrazines as molecular tags in HP-MR imaging (HP-MRI) but also supports the production of hyperpolarized para-15N2 gas, a biologically and medically innocuous gas with great potential for HP-MRI. This bioorthogonal reaction-based hyperpolarization tagging strategy enables a new class of in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Shchepin RV, Jaigirdar L, Theis T, Warren WS, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Spin Relays Enable Efficient Long-Range Heteronuclear Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2017; 121:28425-28434. [PMID: 29955243 PMCID: PMC6017995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b11485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A systematic experimental study is reported on the polarization transfer to distant spins, which do not directly bind to the polarization transfer complexes employed in Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) experiments. Both, long-range transfer to protons and long-range transfer to heteronuclei i.e. 13C and 15N are examined. Selective destruction of hyperpolarization on 1H, 13C, and 15N sites is employed, followed by their re-hyperpolarization from neighboring spins within the molecules of interest (pyridine for 1H studies and metronidazole-15N2-13C2 for 13C and 15N studies). We conclude that long-range sites can be efficiently hyperpolarized when a network of spin-½ nuclei enables relayed polarization transfer (i.e. via short-range interactions between sites). In case of proton SABRE in the milli-Tesla regime, a relay network consisting of protons only is sufficient. However, in case 13C and 15N are targeted (i.e. via SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei or SABRE-SHEATH experiment), the presence of a heteronuclear network (e.g. consisting of 15N) enables a relay mechanism that is significantly more efficient than the direct transfer of spin order from para-H2-derived hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | - Lamya Jaigirdar
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Vanderbilt University, School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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38
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Puza CJ, Warren WS, Mosca PJ. Correction to: The changing landscape of dermatology practice: melanoma and pump-probe laser microscopy. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:2173. [PMID: 28980190 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The published online version contains mistake. Warren S. Warren was not included in the author group section. Corrected author group section is shown above.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul J Mosca
- Duke University, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
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Shen K, Logan AWJ, Colell JFP, Bae J, Ortiz GX, Theis T, Warren WS, Malcolmson SJ, Wang Q. Cover Picture: Diazirines as Potential Molecular Imaging Tags: Probing the Requirements for Efficient and Long-Lived SABRE-Induced Hyperpolarization (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40/2017). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shen
- Department of Chemistry; Duke University; French Family Science Center; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Angus W. J. Logan
- Department of Chemistry; Duke University; French Family Science Center; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Johannes F. P. Colell
- Department of Chemistry; Duke University; French Family Science Center; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry; Duke University; French Family Science Center; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Gerardo X. Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry; Duke University; French Family Science Center; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry; Duke University; French Family Science Center; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry; Duke University; French Family Science Center; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics; Duke University; USA
- Department of Radiology; Duke University; USA
| | - Steven J. Malcolmson
- Department of Chemistry; Duke University; French Family Science Center; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Duke University; French Family Science Center; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
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40
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Puza CJ, Warren WS, Mosca PJ. The changing landscape of dermatology practice: melanoma and pump-probe laser microscopy. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1935-1939. [PMID: 28890988 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To present current melanoma diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment algorithms and how recent advances in laser pump-probe microscopy will fill in the gaps in our clinical understanding. Expert opinion and significantly cited articles identified in SCOPUS were used in conjunction with a pubmed database search on Melanoma practice guidelines from the last 10 years. Significant advances in melanoma treatment have been made over the last decade. However, proper treatment algorithm and prognostic information per melanoma stage remain controversial. The next step for providers will involve the identification of patient population(s) that can benefit from recent advances. One method of identifying potential patients is through new laser imaging techniques. Pump-probe laser microscopy has been shown to correctly identify nevi from melanoma and furthermore stratify melanoma by aggressiveness. The recent development of effective adjuvant therapies for melanoma is promising and should be utilized on appropriate patient populations that can potentially be identified using pump-probe laser microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul J Mosca
- Duke University, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
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41
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Shchepin RV, Goodson BM, Theis T, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY. Inside Cover: Toward Hyperpolarized 19
F Molecular Imaging via Reversible Exchange with Parahydrogen (ChemPhysChem 15/2017). Chemphyschem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS); Department of Radiology; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Physics; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC); Nashville Tennessee 37232-2310 USA
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Southern Illinois University; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center; Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Departments of Chemistry; Duke University; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Departments of Chemistry; Duke University; 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS); Department of Radiology; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Physics; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC); Nashville Tennessee 37232-2310 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninskiy Prospekt 14 119991 Moscow Russia
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42
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Wilson JW, Robles FE, Deb S, Warren WS, Fischer MC. Comparison of pump-probe and hyperspectral imaging in unstained histology sections of pigmented lesions. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:3882-3890. [PMID: 28856057 PMCID: PMC5560848 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic variations in melanin composition can be mapped through linear and nonlinear optical responses. Though instrumentation to measure linear attenuation is simple and inexpensive, the nonlinear response provides more degrees of freedom with which to spectroscopically resolve pigments. The objective of this study is to assess differences in imaging melanin contrast by comparing hyperspectral (linear) versus pump-probe (nonlinear) microscopy of unstained histology sections of pigmented lesions. The images and analysis we have presented here show that pump-probe uncovers a greater variation in pigment composition, compared with hyperspectral microscopy, and that the two methods yield complimentary biochemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W. Wilson
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Currently with Colorado State University, Department of Electrical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Francisco E. Robles
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Currently with Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Currently with University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke University, Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Martin C. Fischer
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke University, Departments of Physics, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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43
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Shen K, Logan AWJ, Colell JFP, Bae J, Ortiz GX, Theis T, Warren WS, Malcolmson SJ, Wang Q. Diazirines as Potential Molecular Imaging Tags: Probing the Requirements for Efficient and Long‐Lived SABRE‐Induced Hyperpolarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shen
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Angus W. J. Logan
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Johannes F. P. Colell
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Gerardo X. Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
- Department of Physics Duke University USA
- Department of Radiology Duke University USA
| | - Steven J. Malcolmson
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry Duke University French Family Science Center 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
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44
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Shen K, Logan AWJ, Colell JFP, Bae J, Ortiz GX, Theis T, Warren WS, Malcolmson SJ, Wang Q. Diazirines as Potential Molecular Imaging Tags: Probing the Requirements for Efficient and Long-Lived SABRE-Induced Hyperpolarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12112-12116. [PMID: 28664640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diazirines are an attractive class of potential molecular tags for magnetic resonance imaging owing to their biocompatibility and ease of incorporation into a large variety of molecules. As recently reported, 15 N2 -diazirine can be hyperpolarized by the SABRE-SHEATH method, sustaining both singlet and magnetization states, thus offering a path to long-lived polarization storage. Herein, we show the generality of this approach by illustrating that the diazirine tag alone is sufficient for achieving excellent signal enhancements with long-lasting polarization. Our investigations reveal the critical role of Lewis basic additives, including water, on achieving SABRE-promoted hyperpolarization. The application of this strategy to a 15 N2 -diazirine-containing choline derivative demonstrates the potential of 15 N2 -diazirines as molecular imaging tags for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Angus W J Logan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Johannes F P Colell
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Gerardo X Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Physics, Duke University, USA.,Department of Radiology, Duke University, USA
| | - Steven J Malcolmson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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45
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Zhou Z, Yu J, Colell JFP, Laasner R, Logan A, Barskiy D, Schepin R, Chekmenev EY, Blum V, Warren WS, Theis T. Long-Lived 13C 2 Nuclear Spin States Hyperpolarized by Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange at Microtesla Fields. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3008-3014. [PMID: 28594557 PMCID: PMC5580346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen is an inexpensive and readily available source of hyperpolarization used to enhance magnetic resonance signals by up to four orders of magnitude above thermal signals obtained at ∼10 T. A significant challenge for applications is fast signal decay after hyperpolarization. Here we use parahydrogen-based polarization transfer catalysis at microtesla fields (first introduced as SABRE-SHEATH) to hyperpolarize 13C2 spin pairs and find decay time constants of 12 s for magnetization at 0.3 mT, which are extended to 2 min at that same field, when long-lived singlet states are hyperpolarized instead. Enhancements over thermal at 8.5 T are between 30 and 170 fold (0.02 to 0.12% polarization). We control the spin dynamics of polarization transfer by choice of microtesla field, allowing for deliberate hyperpolarization of either magnetization or long-lived singlet states. Density functional theory calculations and experimental evidence identify two energetically close mechanisms for polarization transfer: First, a model that involves direct binding of the 13C2 pair to the polarization transfer catalyst and, second, a model transferring polarization through auxiliary protons in substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | | | - Raul Laasner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Angus Logan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Danila Barskiy
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Roman Schepin
- Departments of Radiology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Departments of Radiology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
- Departments of Radiology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
- Corresponding Author: To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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46
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Colell JFP, Emondts M, Logan AWJ, Shen K, Bae J, Shchepin RV, Ortiz GX, Spannring P, Wang Q, Malcolmson SJ, Chekmenev EY, Feiters MC, Rutjes FPJT, Blümich B, Theis T, Warren WS. Direct Hyperpolarization of Nitrogen-15 in Aqueous Media with Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7761-7767. [PMID: 28443329 PMCID: PMC5578426 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is an inexpensive, fast, and even continuous hyperpolarization technique that uses para-hydrogen as hyperpolarization source. However, current SABRE faces a number of stumbling blocks for translation to biochemical and clinical settings. Difficulties include inefficient polarization in water, relatively short-lived 1H-polarization, and relatively limited substrate scope. Here we use a water-soluble polarization transfer catalyst to hyperpolarize nitrogen-15 in a variety of molecules with SABRE-SHEATH (SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei). This strategy works in pure H2O or D2O solutions, on substrates that could not be hyperpolarized in traditional 1H-SABRE experiments, and we record 15N T1 relaxation times of up to 2 min.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meike Emondts
- Institute for Technical und Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Kun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Junu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Peter Spannring
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Departments of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin C. Feiters
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- Institute for Technical und Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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47
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Shchepin RV, Goodson BM, Theis T, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY. Toward Hyperpolarized 19 F Molecular Imaging via Reversible Exchange with Parahydrogen. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1961-1965. [PMID: 28557156 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 has high NMR detection sensitivity-similar to that of protons-owing to its large gyromagnetic ratio and high natural abundance (100 %). Unlike protons, however, fluorine-19 (19 F) has a negligible occurrence in biological objects, as well as a more sensitive chemical shift. As a result, in vivo 19 F NMR spectroscopy and MR imaging offer advantages of negligible background signal and sensitive reporting of the local molecular environment. Here we report on NMR hyperpolarization of 19 F nuclei using reversible exchange reactions with parahydrogen gas as the source of nuclear spin order. NMR signals of 3-fluoropyridine were enhanced by ≈100 fold, corresponding to 0.3 % 19 F nuclear spin polarization (at 9.4 T), using about 50 % parahydrogen. While future optimization efforts will likely significantly increase the hyperpolarization levels, we already demonstrate the utility of 19 F hyperpolarization for high-resolution hyperpolarized 19 F imaging and hyperpolarized 19 F pH sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Departments of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Warren S Warren
- Departments of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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48
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Barskiy DA, Shchepin RV, Tanner CPN, Colell JFP, Goodson BM, Theis T, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY. The Absence of Quadrupolar Nuclei Facilitates Efficient
13
C Hyperpolarization via Reversible Exchange with Parahydrogen. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1493-1498. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danila A. Barskiy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) Department of Radiology Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Physics Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC) Nashville Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) Department of Radiology Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Physics Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC) Nashville Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | | | | | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Southern Illinois University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Materials Technology Center Carbondale IL 62901 United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Departments of Chemistry Duke University 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Departments of Chemistry Duke University 124 Science Drive Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) Department of Radiology Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Physics Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC) Nashville Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences Leninskiy Prospekt 14 119991 Moscow Russia
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49
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Colell JP, Logan AWJ, Zhou Z, Shchepin RV, Barskiy DA, Ortiz GX, Wang Q, Malcolmson SJ, Chekmenev EY, Warren WS, Theis T. Generalizing, Extending, and Maximizing Nitrogen-15 Hyperpolarization Induced by Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2017; 121:6626-6634. [PMID: 28392884 PMCID: PMC5378067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a fast and convenient NMR hyperpolarization method that uses cheap and readily available para-hydrogen as a hyperpolarization source. SABRE can hyperpolarize protons and heteronuclei. Here we focus on the heteronuclear variant introduced as SABRE-SHEATH (SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei) and nitrogen-15 targets in particular. We show that 15N-SABRE works more efficiently and on a wider range of substrates than 1H-SABRE, greatly generalizing the SABRE approach. In addition, we show that nitrogen-15 offers significantly extended T1 times of up to 12 minutes. Long T1 times enable higher hyperpolarization levels but also hold the promise of hyperpolarized molecular imaging for several tens of minutes. Detailed characterization and optimization are presented, leading to nitrogen-15 polarization levels in excess of 10% on several compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes
F. P. Colell
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Angus W. J. Logan
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt
University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
(VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Danila A. Barskiy
- Vanderbilt
University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
(VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Gerardo X. Ortiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Steven J. Malcolmson
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt
University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center
(VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Departments
of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- E-mail:
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50
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Abstract
We integrate spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) with stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) to enable simultaneously multiplexed spatial and spectral imaging with sensitivity to many endogenous biochemical species that play an important role in biology and medicine. The combined approach, termed SRS-SOCT, overcomes the limitations of each individual method. Ultimately, SRS-SOCT has the potential to achieve fast, volumetric, and highly sensitive label-free molecular imaging. We demonstrate the approach by imaging excised human adipose tissue and detecting the lipids' Raman signatures in the high-wavenumber region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco E. Robles
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Currently at Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, tlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Kevin C. Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Martin C. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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