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Khan W, Kushwaha AK, Al-Amer R, Alanazi N, Alqahtani HR, Al-Qaisi S, Faizan M, Haq BU, Laref A, Alghamdi EA, Nya FT, Amine Monir ME, Chowdhury S. Electronic, optical, and thermoelectric characteristics of (Ae) xFBiS 2 (Ae=Sr, Ba, and x=1.7) layered materials useful in optical modulator devices. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108729. [PMID: 38479238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The recent discovery of superconductivity behavior in the mother BiS2-layered compounds has captivated the attention of several physicists. The crystal structure of superconductors with alternate layers of BiS2 is homologous to that of cuprates and Fe-based superconductors. The full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) technique was utilized to investigate the electronic structures and density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi energy of SrFBiS2 and BaFBiS2 compounds under the electron carriers doping. The introduction of electron doping (carries doping) reveals that the host compounds SrFBiS2 and BaFBiS2 exhibit features indicative of superconductivity. This carrier doping of SrFBiS2 and BaFBiS2 compounds (electron-doped) has a significant impact on the lowest conduction states near the Fermi level for the emergence of the superconducting aspect. The electron doping modifies and induces changes in the electronic structures with superconducting behavior in (Ae)1.7FBiS2(Ae=Sr,Ba) compounds. A Fermi surface nesting occurred under the modification of electrons (carriers) doping in the host compounds SrFBiS2 and BaFBiS2. Furthermore, the optical characteristics of the carrier-doped SrFBiS2 and BaFBiS2 compounds are simulated. Due to the anisotropic behavior, the optical properties of these materials based on BiS2 demonstrate a pronounced polarization dependency. The starting point at zero photon energy in the infrared region is elucidated by considering the Drude features in the optical conductivity spectra of SrFBiS2 and BaFBiS2 compounds, when the electron carriers doping is applied. It was clearly noticed that the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) influences the electronic band structures, density of states, Femi surface, and optical features because of the heavy Bismuth atom, which may disclose fascinating aspects. Further, we conducted simulations to assess the thermoelectric properties of these mother compounds. The two BiS2-layered compounds could be suitable for practical thermoelectric purposes and are highlighted through assessment of electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor. As a result, we propose that the mechanisms of superconducting behavior in BiS2 family may pave new avenues for investigating the field of unconventional superconductivity. It may also provide new insights into the origin of high-Tc superconductivity nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- Department of Physics, Bacha Khan University, Charsada, Pakistan.
| | - A K Kushwaha
- Department of Physics, S.I.G. Govt. P.G. College, Lalganj, Mirzapur, U.P., India; Department of Physics, K.N. Govt. P.G. College, Gyanpur, Bhadohi, 221304, U.P., India
| | - R Al-Amer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadyah Alanazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - H R Alqahtani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Al-Qaisi
- Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Muhammad Faizan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bakhtiar Ul Haq
- Faculty of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronics Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A Laref
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman A Alghamdi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fridolin Tchangnwa Nya
- University of Maroua, High National College of Technology, Department of Energy and Environment, Cameroon; University of Maroua, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Materials Science Laboratory, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Mohammed El Amine Monir
- Faculty of the Exact Sciences, Mustapha Stambouli University of Mascara, B.P. 305, 29000, Mascara, Algeria
| | - Shahariar Chowdhury
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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Khan W, Gul B, Uddin MN, Khan BM, Attacha S, Zaman N. Physalis ixocarpa: new species of genus physalis to the flora of Pakistan from mountainous region of district Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e258128. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.258128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract In the western mountainous region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan at the Shangla district, we found Physalis ixocarpa for the first time, not yet reported from Pakistan. Physalis ixocarpa was unidentified and has no ethnobotanical record in the flora of Pakistan. It is a member of family Solanaceae and having a close relation with Solanum tuberosum and Lycopersicon esculentum. The stem is prostrate with a dichotomous pattern of branches having leaves flower and fruits. Leaves are smooth, ovate and the margins of leaf blade dentation are poorly developed. The average length and width of the leaves are 6.50 and 3.61 cm respectively. P. ixocarpa grows to the length of 4-5 feet and an annual herb. The flowers of the plants are yellow in color and having purple color spots on the petals which are star-shaped. The round berry fruits are surrounded by persistent calyx and purple in color. The fruits are the 3-6cm in diameter. The plants are found in the different localities of district Shangla especially in Bar and Koz Kana. The life cycle of reporting plant is started in May and completed in November.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Khan
- University of Swat, Pakistan
| | - B. Gul
- The University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | | | - B. M. Khan
- PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
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Khan W, Zaki N, Ghenimi N, Ahmad A, Bian J, Masud MM, Ali N, Govender R, Ahmed LA. Predicting preterm birth using explainable machine learning in a prospective cohort of nulliparous and multiparous pregnant women. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293925. [PMID: 38150456 PMCID: PMC10752564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) presents a complex challenge in pregnancy, often leading to significant perinatal and long-term morbidities. "While machine learning (ML) algorithms have shown promise in PTB prediction, the lack of interpretability in existing models hinders their clinical utility. This study aimed to predict PTB in a pregnant population using ML models, identify the key risk factors associated with PTB through the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithm, and provide comprehensive explanations for these predictions to assist clinicians in providing appropriate care. This study analyzed a dataset of 3509 pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates and selected 35 risk factors associated with PTB based on the existing medical and artificial intelligence literature. Six ML algorithms were tested, wherein the XGBoost model exhibited the best performance, with an area under the operator receiving curves of 0.735 and 0.723 for parous and nulliparous women, respectively. The SHAP feature attribution framework was employed to identify the most significant risk factors linked to PTB. Additionally, individual patient analysis was performed using the SHAP and the local interpretable model-agnostic explanation algorithms (LIME). The overall incidence of PTB was 11.23% (11 and 12.1% in parous and nulliparous women, respectively). The main risk factors associated with PTB in parous women are previous PTB, previous cesarean section, preeclampsia during pregnancy, and maternal age. In nulliparous women, body mass index at delivery, maternal age, and the presence of amniotic infection were the most relevant risk factors. The trained ML prediction model developed in this study holds promise as a valuable screening tool for predicting PTB within this specific population. Furthermore, SHAP and LIME analyses can assist clinicians in understanding the individualized impact of each risk factor on their patients and provide appropriate care to reduce morbidity and mortality related to PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasif Khan
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Nazar Zaki
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Nadirah Ghenimi
- Department Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Amir Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mohammad M. Masud
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Nasloon Ali
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Romona Govender
- Department Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Luai A. Ahmed
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
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Khan W, Zaki N, Ahmad A, Masud MM, Govender R, Rojas-Perilla N, Ali L, Ghenimi N, Ahmed LA. Node embedding-based graph autoencoder outlier detection for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19817. [PMID: 37963898 PMCID: PMC10645849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB), can have serious consequences for both the mother and infant. Early prediction of such outcomes is important for their prevention. Previous studies using traditional machine learning (ML) models for predicting PTB and LBW have encountered two important limitations: extreme class imbalance in medical datasets and the inability to account for complex relational structures between entities. To address these limitations, we propose a node embedding-based graph outlier detection algorithm to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes. We developed a knowledge graph using a well-curated representative dataset of the Emirati population and two node embedding algorithms. The graph autoencoder (GAE) was trained by applying a combination of original risk factors and node embedding features. Samples that were difficult to reconstruct at the output of GAE were identified as outliers considered representing PTB and LBW samples. Our experiments using LBW, PTB, and very PTB datasets demonstrated that incorporating node embedding considerably improved performance, achieving a 12% higher AUC-ROC compared to traditional GAE. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of node embedding and graph outlier detection in improving the prediction performance of adverse pregnancy outcomes in well-curated population datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasif Khan
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nazar Zaki
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi (ASPIREPMRIAD), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Amir Ahmad
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad M Masud
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Romana Govender
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Natalia Rojas-Perilla
- Department of Analytics in the Digital Era, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luqman Ali
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadirah Ghenimi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Williams W, Theron E, Khan W, Stassen W. Developing a South African curriculum for education in neonatal critical care retrieval: An initial exploration. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290972. [PMID: 37651420 PMCID: PMC10470938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to limited or centralised neonatal critical care resources, the interfacility transfer of neonates is inevitable. In many high-income settings, dedicated Critical Care Retrieval Services (CCRS) with additional education and training undertake neonatal critical care retrieval (CCR). In South Africa, however, these transfers are mostly conducted by advanced paramedics with limited education in neonatal care, and this may lead to high adverse event rates. In SA, a shortage of skilled neonatal interfacility transport services has been identified as one of the top ten avoidable causes of under-5 mortality. In order to address this gap in neonatal transfer education for paramedics in South Africa, the aim of this study is to develop a curriculum for neonatal critical care retrieval in South Africa. METHODS Using Kern's approach to curriculum development, a general and targeted needs assessment was conducted through semi-structured interviews with experts in the field and a focus group discussion with a prospective student group. Interviews were preceded and informed by a literature review and retrospective chart review of neonates who underwent CCR in SA over a one-year period. Audio recordings of interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to inductive-dominant content analysis. Finally, qualitative codes were expanded into course outcome and a curriculum map was developed. RESULTS Six experts in neonatal critical care and retrieval participated in semi-structured interviews with a mean duration of 59 minutes. Following transcription and analysis, 372 codes were developed. Seven prehospital providers (prospective students) who are involved in neonatal transfers in South Africa participated in a focus group discussion with a duration of 91 minutes. The audio recording was transcribed and analysed with 97 codes extracted. The main categories were: Current status of neonatal CCR in South Africa; learning and education in neonatal CCR; and proposed curriculum structure. The proposed curriculum structure described 13 broad course outcomes to be delivered as a blended postgraduate programme. Participants noted that funding, employer buy-in and internet resources would be required. The targeted prospective student group should be all Advanced Life Support (ALS) providers with a change in their scope of practice on completion. CONCLUSION This study described the need for additional education in neonatal critical care retrieval due to the limitations in the current and past education systems. This study provides a curriculum structure with course outcomes that can be used as a basis for the development of a complete curriculum for education in neonatal CCR, with the potential to greatly reduce adverse event rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Williams
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E Theron
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - W Khan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - W Stassen
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Taleb Z, Haireek M, Stokes K, Wang H, Collins S, Khan W, Karpowicz P. A30 EPITHELIAL FUNCTION OF THE CIRCADIAN CLOCK GENE, BMAL1, IS NECESSARY FOR COLONIC REGENERATION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991247 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The circadian clock is a self-sustained molecular oscillator which drives 24-hour physiological rhythms. It consists of the genes Bmal1 and Clock that positively regulate Cry and Per, their negative regulators, resulting in a 24-hour transcription/translation feedback loop. Shift work, which causes disruptions to 24-hour physiological rhythms, has been shown to lead to an increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We have previously established that mice lacking the non-redundant circadian regulator, Bmal1, exhibit more severe colitis compared to controls. Purpose This study aims to investigate the epithelial function of Bmal1 in colonic regeneration during colitis. Method In order to assess the cell-specific role of the clock, we tested the regenerative effects of Bmal1 in intestinal epithelial tissue using Vil+/+;Bmal1flox/flox (control) and VilCre/+;Bmal1flox/flox (conditional mutant) mice. Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) was applied to induce acute colitis. Disease progression was evaluated during colitis and during recovery upon removal of DSS treatment. We hypothesized that the absence of a functional circadian clock disrupts effective proliferation and regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells during colitis remission. Result(s) Vil+/+;Bmal1flox/flox control and VilCre/+;Bmal1flox/flox conditional mutant mice exhibit no significant differences in disease severity or tissue histopathology during colitis. However, after the removal of DSS, VilCre/+;Bmal1flox/flox conditional mutants show increased total lesions and overall inflammation, decreased crypt density as well as a higher propensity of hyperplastic crypts in the tissue. Regenerative ability of the colon is decreased in conditional mutants: phosphorylated-histone H3 and Ki67 show persistent increases in mitosis and overall proliferation near ulcerated lesions. This suggests that, while controls complete the regenerative response, conditional mutants fail to recover from colitis and show inefficient regeneration when Bmal1 is disrupted in intestinal epithelial cells. Conclusion(s) Our results support a critical role for Bmal1 in intestinal epithelial cells during post-colitis regeneration and recovery. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below CIHR, Other Please indicate your source of funding; OGS, Crohn's & Colitis Canada Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Taleb
- University of Windsor, Windsor
| | | | | | | | - S Collins
- McMaster University,Farncombe Institute, Hamilton, Canada
| | - W Khan
- McMaster University,Farncombe Institute, Hamilton, Canada
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Grondin J, Wang H, Haq S, Kwon YH, MacNeil L, Surette M, Khan W. A33 EFFECTS OF THE NEXT GENERATION PROBIOTIC, AKKERMANSIA MUCINIPHILA, ON INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION AND BARRIER FUNCTION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991313 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterised by chronic intestinal inflammation, is hypothesised to arise from the interplay between susceptibility genes, the immune system, environmental factors, and gut microbiota. Akkermansia muciniphila is a symbiotic bacterium that accounts for 1-5% of the human fecal microbiota. This microbe has been hailed as a next-generation probiotic, principally with regard to its plethora of beneficial host interactions, including the ability to influence mucin secretion and strengthen the intestinal barrier. Purpose Though a clear-cut role and mechanism by which A. muciniphila influences inflammatory conditions is unknown, evidence indicates this microbe is depleted in IBD, suggesting it may have protective effects that are lost in these conditions. Here, we investigate the role and mechanism of A. muciniphila in intestinal inflammation and its influence on intestinal barrier function by utilizing barrier-disrupting models of colitis. Method Across several experimental models of intestinal inflammation including the chemically-induced dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model, the parasitic-based model of Trichuris muris infection, and the spontaneous Muc2-/- model, A.muciniphila was administered by oral gavage. Disease activity index, macroscopic scoring and histological scoring were all performed to assess the severity of intestinal inflammation. Various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed within colonic tissue using commercially available ELISA kits.To investigate the effects that A. muciniphila has on barrier function in the context of colitis, reverse transcriptase qPCR was used to explore several factors, including several TJPs, AMPs, and mucins. To analyse the composition of the microbiota and changes in diversity with A. muciniphila supplementation, 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples was performed. Result(s) Though only minor benefits were derived from this microbe in germ-free mice, in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice, administration of pasteurized A. muciniphila in a DSS recovery model ameliorated inflammation severity and promoted recovery compared to controls. When gavaged prior to DSS administration, both live and pasteurized A. muciniphila failed to diminish inflammatory markers indicating minimal preventative effects. T. muris-infected SPF mice treated with live A. muciniphila showed increased levels of Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines, decreased worm burden, and enhanced levels of the mucin, Muc5ac, compared with those receiving control broth or pasteurized bacteria. Further, both live and pasteurized A. muciniphila ameliorated the severity of inflammation in a mucin 2 deficient (Muc2-/-) mouse model of spontaneous colitis, indicating that these protective effects are Muc2-independent. Conclusion(s) These observations provide us not only with an enhanced understanding of the role A. muciniphila plays in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammatory conditions but also may fuel novel avenues of treatment for those with IBD. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below CIHR Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grondin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - H Wang
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Y H Kwon
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - L MacNeil
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research
| | - M Surette
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - W Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Abrego AM, Khan W, Wright CE, Islam MR, Ghajar MH, Bai X, Tandon N, Seymour JP. Sensing local field potentials with a directional and scalable depth electrode array. J Neural Eng 2023; 20. [PMID: 36630716 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acb230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective. A variety of electrophysiology tools are available to the neurosurgeon for diagnosis, functional therapy, and neural prosthetics. However, no tool can currently address these three critical needs: (a) access to all cortical regions in a minimally invasive manner; (b) recordings with microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale resolutions simultaneously; and (c) access to spatially distant multiple brain regions that constitute distributed cognitive networks.Approach.We modeled, designed, and demonstrated a novel device for recording local field potentials (LFPs) with the form factor of a stereo-electroencephalographic electrode and combined with radially distributed microelectrodes.Main results. Electro-quasistatic models demonstrate that the lead body amplifies and shields LFP sources based on direction, enablingdirectional sensitivity andscalability, referred to as thedirectional andscalable (DISC) array.In vivo,DISC demonstrated significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio, directional sensitivity, and decoding accuracy from rat barrel cortex recordings during whisker stimulation. Critical for future translation, DISC demonstrated a higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) than virtual ring electrodes and a noise floor approaching that of large ring electrodes in an unshielded environment after common average referencing. DISC also revealed independent, stereoscopic current source density measures whose direction was verified after histology.Significance. Directional sensitivity of LFPs may significantly improve brain-computer interfaces and many diagnostic procedures, including epilepsy foci detection and deep brain targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amada M Abrego
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Wasif Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Christopher E Wright
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - M Rabiul Islam
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Mohammad H Ghajar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Xiaokang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - John P Seymour
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
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Khan W, Zaki N, Ahmad A, Bian J, Ali L, Mehedy Masud M, Ghenimi N, Ahmed LA. Infant Low Birth Weight Prediction Using Graph Embedding Features. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1317. [PMID: 36674072 PMCID: PMC9859143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low Birth weight (LBW) infants pose a serious public health concern worldwide in both the short and long term for infants and their mothers. Infant weight prediction prior to birth can help to identify risk factors and reduce the risk of infant morbidity and mortality. Although many Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed for LBW prediction using maternal features and produced considerable model performance, their performance needs to be improved so that they can be adapted in real-world clinical settings. Existing algorithms used for LBW classification often fail to capture structural information from the tabular dataset of patients with different complications. Therefore, to improve the LBW classification performance, we propose a solution by transforming the tabular data into a knowledge graph with the aim that patients from the same class (normal or LBW) exhibit similar patterns in the graphs. To achieve this, several features related to each node are extracted such as node embedding using node2vec algorithm, node degree, node similarity, nearest neighbors, etc. Our method is evaluated on a real-life dataset obtained from a large cohort study in the United Arab Emirates which contains data from 3453 patients. Multiple experiments were performed using the seven most commonly used ML models on the original dataset, graph features, and a combination of features, respectively. Experimental results show that our proposed method achieved the best performance with an area under the curve of 0.834 which is over 6% improvement compared to using the original risk factors without transforming them into knowledge graphs. Furthermore, we provide the clinical relevance of the proposed model that are important for the model to be adapted in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasif Khan
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nazar Zaki
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amir Ahmad
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Luqman Ali
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Mehedy Masud
- Department of Information Systems and Security, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadirah Ghenimi
- Department Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luai A. Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Khan W, Gul B, Din H, Azam S, Asghar H, Aftab S, Ali HE. First principle study of strain tunable electronic and optical properties of half-Heusler alloys XCoGe (X=V, Nb, Ta). J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Masood Z, Hasan Z, Gul H, Zahid H, Hassan HU, Sultan R, Khan W, Safia, Titus K, Ullah A. Monitoring pond water quality to improve the production of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) in Bannu Fish Hatchery of Bannu district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province; An Implications for artificial fish culture. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e245197. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The water quality parameters of a fish pond are essential to be managing properly under control for successful operations of fish culture. Improper management of pond water quality during the juvenile stages can create stressful conditions to produce various harmful diseases, which may decrease the fish quality and results in low profits. The present study was aimed to monitored important water quality parameters of nursery ponds of Labeo rohita culturing in Bannu fish hatchery. The study duration was 75 days extends from 10th June to 24th August 2019 for the successful culture of this specie which can play a significant role in breeding season. Furthermore, the concentration of some heavy metals like copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in pond water and fry stages of this species was also determined. The data obtained from all water quality parameters were analyzed expressed as range, mean and standard deviation using MS Excel 2013. The obtained results of 75 days study revealed that the water pH & temperature, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and total dissolved oxygen (DO) of pond water samples were found within a tolerable limit except salinity and dissolved ammonia concentration were not permissible for fish growth. The average concentration of heavy metals in pond water exhibited descending order Fe>Ni>Mn>Zn>Cd>Ni, which was found in acceptable ranges. Whereas, the average values of heavy metals in fry stages were in the order of Zn>Fe>Ni>Cu>Cd>Mn, and found within the recommended values of WHO/FAO. Thus, it was concluded from this study that good water quality is a precondition, maintaining balanced levels of water quality parameters is fundamental for both the health and growth of fish culture which is quite necessary for assuring increased fish productivity. It is recommended to monitor and assess water quality parameters on a routine basis for promoting healthy fish culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Masood
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Pakistan
| | - Z. Hasan
- University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - H. Gul
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Pakistan
| | - H. Zahid
- University of Balochistan, Pakistan
| | | | - R. Sultan
- Islamia College University, Pakistan
| | - W. Khan
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Safia
- Hazara University, Pakistan
| | - K. Titus
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Pakistan
| | - A. Ullah
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
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Masood Z, Gul Y, Gul H, Zahid H, Safia, Khan M, Hassan HU, Khan W, Gul N, Ullah A. Assessments of some trace metals in water samples of nursery pond of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Valenciennes, 1844) in Bannu Fish Hatchery of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e245199. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The present investigation was aimed to examine the concentrations of trace metals including e.g copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in water samples collected from nursery pond of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in Bannu Hatchery of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during the period from April 2018 to January 2019. The temperature and pH of each water sample were measured for the whole study duration. The concentration of Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn) in collected water samples were measured in mg/liter by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The blank and standard solutions for device calibration Standard solutions i.e., 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, and 6.0 were used to measure the concentration of these metals in water samples to verify the measurements. The data was statistically analyzed on descriptive statistics (estimation of proportions and standard deviation) used to summarize mean concentration. The results obtained of both temperature and pH of water samples were found in ranged 10 to 36 0C and 7.0 to 8.44; whereas the size of fry stages was ranged from 4.0 to 56.0 mm in total length. The results of investigated metals found in pond water samples are in order of Zn>Mn>Ni>Cu, respectively. As optimum temperature and pH for grass carp were mostly between 15 0C and 30 0C and pH 6.5 to 8.0. It was concluded from obtained results that temperature, pH, and trace metals were found appropriate for the growth of Ctenopharyngodon idella from fry to fingerling stages, but the highest amount of zinc can cause its mortality. It is a preliminary study on grass carp culturing in Bannu fish hatchery so, it would provide useful information for model fish seed production unit in a hatchery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Masood
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Pakistan
| | - Y. Gul
- Government College Women University, Pakistan
| | - H. Gul
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Pakistan
| | - H. Zahid
- University of Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Safia
- Hazara University, Pakistan
| | - M.A. Khan
- The University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | | | - W. Khan
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - N. Gul
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Pakistan
| | - A. Ullah
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
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Khan W, Rahman A, Zaman S, Kabir M, Khan R, Ali W, Ahmad S, Shabir S, Jamil S, Ríos-Escalante PDL. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dengue and its vector among medical practitioners in Malakand region, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e244966. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Dengue fever (DF) is increasingly recognized as one of the world’s major mosquito borne diseases and causes significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. Dengue fever is endemic in most part of Pakistan and continues to be a public health concern. Knowledge, attitude and practices can play an important role in management of the disease. Current study was aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dengue fever among health practitioners, to study the level of knowledge and attitude with preventive practices for dengue fever. A cross sectional study was carried out in medical practitioners of the four districts of Malakand region during October to November 2019. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from medical practitioners. Data was analyzed using Graph Pad version 5. Significant value was considered when less than 0.05 (at 95% confidence of interval). The results revealed that most of participants have seen dengue vector (62%), the media being the most quoted source of information. Nearly 81.2% participants were aware from transmission of dengue fever is by mosquito bite. Practices based upon preventive measures were found to be predominantly focused towards prevention of mosquito bites rather than elimination of breeding places. Although the knowledge regarding DF and mosquito control measure was quite high among the medical practitioners but this knowledge was not put into practice. Further studies are required to aware the people about dengue and its vector in order to get prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Khan
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | | | - S. Zaman
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - M. Kabir
- University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - R. Khan
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - W. Ali
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - S. Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - S. Shabir
- Agriculture University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S. Jamil
- Rawalpindi Women University, Pakistan
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14
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Sabir SS, Din HU, Alam Q, Idrees M, Amin B, Khan W, Farooq M, Nguyen CQ, Nguyen CV. Correction: First principles study of electronic properties and optoelectronic performance of type-II SiS/BSe heterostructure. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3nj90048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Correction for ‘First principles study of electronic properties and optoelectronic performance of type-II SiS/BSe heterostructure’ by Shah Saleemullah Sabir et al., New J. Chem., 2023, 47, 4537–4542, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NJ06198H.
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Foster A, Holding E, Lumley E, Roxby S, Portman D, Holliday J, Peace A, Del Rosario I, Khan W, Brenman A, Gillett M, Goyder E. Learning from the challenges of undertaking an evaluation of a multi-partner housing support initiative delivered within a hospital setting. Public Health in Practice 2022; 4:100333. [PMID: 36345288 PMCID: PMC9636567 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We present learning from a mixed-methods evaluation of a housing support initiative for hospital inpatients. Study design A mixed-methods process evaluation. Methods A social housing provider delivered a housing support service in two hospitals (mental health unit and general hospital). Healthcare providers, the social housing provider and academic researchers designed and undertook a co-produced, mixed-methods process evaluation of the intervention. The evaluation included questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, analysis of routinely collected data and economic analysis. Despite commitment from the partners, the evaluation faced challenges. We reflect on the lessons learnt within our discussion paper. Results Despite the commitment of the partners, we faced several challenges. We took an iterative approach to the design and processes of the evaluation to respond to arising challenges. Recruitment of service-users was more difficult than anticipated, requiring additional staff resources. Given the small-scale nature of the intervention, and the quality of data recorded in hospital records, the planned economic analysis was not feasible. Positive factors facilitating evaluation included involvement of staff delivering the intervention, as well as managers. Being able to offer payment to partner organisations for staff time also facilitated ongoing engagement. Conclusions Multi-partner evaluations are useful, however, researchers and partners need to be prepared to take an iterative, resource intensive approach. Both availability and quality of routine data, and the resources required to support data collection, may limit feasibility of specific methods when evaluating small-scale cross-sector initiatives. Thus, this necessitates a flexible approach to design and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Foster
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK,Corresponding author. University of Sheffield, Regents Court, Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - E. Holding
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - E. Lumley
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - S. Roxby
- Wakefield District Housing, Wakefield, UK
| | - D. Portman
- Wakefield District Housing, Wakefield, UK
| | | | - A. Peace
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield (Formerly at South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust), Yorkshire, UK
| | | | - W. Khan
- South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Yorkshire, UK
| | - A. Brenman
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M. Gillett
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - E. Goyder
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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16
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Stepniewska K, Allen EN, Humphreys GS, Poirot E, Craig E, Kennon K, Yilma D, Bousema T, Guerin PJ, White NJ, Price RN, Raman J, Martensson A, Mwaiswelo RO, Bancone G, Bastiaens GJH, Bjorkman A, Brown JM, D'Alessandro U, Dicko AA, El-Sayed B, Elzaki SE, Eziefula AC, Gonçalves BP, Hamid MMA, Kaneko A, Kariuki S, Khan W, Kwambai TK, Ley B, Ngasala BE, Nosten F, Okebe J, Samuels AM, Smit MR, Stone WJR, Sutanto I, Ter Kuile F, Tine RC, Tiono AB, Drakeley CJ, Gosling R, Stergachis A, Barnes KI, Chen I. Safety of single-dose primaquine as a Plasmodium falciparum gametocytocide: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. BMC Med 2022; 20:350. [PMID: 36109733 PMCID: PMC9479278 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended single low-dose (SLD, 0.25 mg/kg) primaquine to be added as a Plasmodium (P.) falciparum gametocytocide to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) without glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) testing, to accelerate malaria elimination efforts and avoid the spread of artemisinin resistance. Uptake of this recommendation has been relatively slow primarily due to safety concerns. METHODS A systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of single-dose (SD) primaquine studies for P. falciparum malaria were performed. Absolute and fractional changes in haemoglobin concentration within a week and adverse effects within 28 days of treatment initiation were characterised and compared between primaquine and no primaquine arms using random intercept models. RESULTS Data comprised 20 studies that enrolled 6406 participants, of whom 5129 (80.1%) had received a single target dose of primaquine ranging between 0.0625 and 0.75 mg/kg. There was no effect of primaquine in G6PD-normal participants on haemoglobin concentrations. However, among 194 G6PD-deficient African participants, a 0.25 mg/kg primaquine target dose resulted in an additional 0.53 g/dL (95% CI 0.17-0.89) reduction in haemoglobin concentration by day 7, with a 0.27 (95% CI 0.19-0.34) g/dL haemoglobin drop estimated for every 0.1 mg/kg increase in primaquine dose. Baseline haemoglobin, young age, and hyperparasitaemia were the main determinants of becoming anaemic (Hb < 10 g/dL), with the nadir observed on ACT day 2 or 3, regardless of G6PD status and exposure to primaquine. Time to recovery from anaemia took longer in young children and those with baseline anaemia or hyperparasitaemia. Serious adverse haematological events after primaquine were few (9/3, 113, 0.3%) and transitory. One blood transfusion was reported in the primaquine arms, and there were no primaquine-related deaths. In controlled studies, the proportions with either haematological or any serious adverse event were similar between primaquine and no primaquine arms. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the WHO recommendation to use 0.25 mg/kg of primaquine as a P. falciparum gametocytocide, including in G6PD-deficient individuals. Although primaquine is associated with a transient reduction in haemoglobin levels in G6PD-deficient individuals, haemoglobin levels at clinical presentation are the major determinants of anaemia in these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42019128185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Stepniewska
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Elizabeth N Allen
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Georgina S Humphreys
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eugenie Poirot
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Elaine Craig
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kalynn Kennon
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Yilma
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Jimma University Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Infection and Immunity, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe J Guerin
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ric N Price
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Jaishree Raman
- Parasitology Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andreas Martensson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard O Mwaiswelo
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Hubert Kairuki Memorial University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Germana Bancone
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Guido J H Bastiaens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Bjorkman
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joelle M Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- Medical Research Council Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Alassane A Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Badria El-Sayed
- Department of Epidemiology, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Salah-Eldin Elzaki
- Department of Epidemiology, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alice C Eziefula
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Bronner P Gonçalves
- Department of Infection and Immunity, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Akira Kaneko
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisian, Kenya
| | - Wasif Khan
- Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Titus K Kwambai
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Benedikt Ley
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Billy E Ngasala
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francois Nosten
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Joseph Okebe
- Disease Control & Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aaron M Samuels
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Menno R Smit
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Will J R Stone
- Department of Infection and Immunity, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Sutanto
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Depok City, Indonesia
| | | | - Roger C Tine
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alfred B Tiono
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Chris J Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, UK
| | - Roly Gosling
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andy Stergachis
- Departments of Pharmacy & Global Health, Schools of Pharmacy and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Karen I Barnes
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network, Oxford, UK
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ingrid Chen
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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Meng H, Lu V, Khan W. 111 Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Potential Restorative Treatment for Cartilage Defects: A PRISMA Review and Meta-Analysis. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac269.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Joint damage through trauma or degeneration causes cartilage defects, leading to osteoarthritis (OA). Current therapies relieve symptoms or replaces damaged joint, which is costly and fraught with complications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties and low immunogenicity, making them a novel avenue for research for OA treatment. This systematic review investigates whether adipose derived MSC (AMSCs) can treat cartilage defects.
Method
A systematic search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science. Clinical, imaging, functional outcomes were extracted from nineteen included studies. Inclusion criteria was studies conducted on human populations that compared effects of AMSCs on cartilage regeneration to non-exposed controls. Studies conducted on animals, ex vivo studies, in vitro studies were excluded.
Results
Nine studies reported improved Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores (mean difference -3.30; 95% CI:-3.72,-2.89; p<0.001). Eight studies reported improved Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) in five subscales. Pooled analysis of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores in seven studies revealed an improvement (mean difference -25.52; 95% CI:-30.93,-20.10; p<0.001). Cartilage regeneration was assessed using Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score. All studies reported improved regeneration, with a pooled end-point score of 68.12 (95% CI:62.18–74.05; p<0.001).
Conclusions
AMSCs are effective therapeutic agents for cartilage defects. We recommend researchers to determine roles of biochemical components that facilitate AMSC-mediated cartilage repair. Establishing the most efficient methods for MSC extraction, culture, delivery, and performing studies with long follow-up times enable future research to provide evidence needed to bring AMSC-based therapies into the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Meng
- Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - V Lu
- University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - W Khan
- Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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18
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Adam I, Alam MS, Alemu S, Amaratunga C, Amato R, Andrianaranjaka V, Anstey NM, Aseffa A, Ashley E, Assefa A, Auburn S, Barber BE, Barry A, Batista Pereira D, Cao J, Chau NH, Chotivanich K, Chu C, Dondorp AM, Drury E, Echeverry DF, Erko B, Espino F, Fairhurst R, Faiz A, Fernanda Villegas M, Gao Q, Golassa L, Goncalves S, Grigg MJ, Hamedi Y, Hien TT, Htut Y, Johnson KJ, Karunaweera N, Khan W, Krudsood S, Kwiatkowski DP, Lacerda M, Ley B, Lim P, Liu Y, Llanos-Cuentas A, Lon C, Lopera-Mesa T, Marfurt J, Michon P, Miotto O, Mohammed R, Mueller I, Namaik-larp C, Newton PN, Nguyen TN, Nosten F, Noviyanti R, Pava Z, Pearson RD, Petros B, Phyo AP, Price RN, Pukrittayakamee S, Rahim AG, Randrianarivelojosia M, Rayner JC, Rumaseb A, Siegel SV, Simpson VJ, Thriemer K, Tobon-Castano A, Trimarsanto H, Urbano Ferreira M, Vélez ID, Wangchuk S, Wellems TE, White NJ, William T, Yasnot MF, Yilma D. An open dataset of Plasmodium vivax genome variation in 1,895 worldwide samples. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:136. [PMID: 35651694 PMCID: PMC9127374 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17795.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This report describes the MalariaGEN Pv4 dataset, a new release of curated genome variation data on 1,895 samples of Plasmodium vivax collected at 88 worldwide locations between 2001 and 2017. It includes 1,370 new samples contributed by MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN partner studies in addition to previously published samples from these and other sources. We provide genotype calls at over 4.5 million variable positions including over 3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as short indels and tandem duplications. This enlarged dataset highlights major compartments of parasite population structure, with clear differentiation between Africa, Latin America, Oceania, Western Asia and different parts of Southeast Asia. Each sample has been classified for drug resistance to sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and mefloquine based on known markers at the dhfr, dhps and mdr1 loci. The prevalence of all of these resistance markers was much higher in Southeast Asia and Oceania than elsewhere. This open resource of analysis-ready genome variation data from the MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN networks is driven by our collective goal to advance research into the complex biology of P. vivax and to accelerate genomic surveillance for malaria control and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohammad Shafiul Alam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sisay Alemu
- Armauer Hansen Research Unit (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,MilliporeSigma (Bioreliance), Rockville, USA
| | - Chanaki Amaratunga
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Unit (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Elizabeth Ashley
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sarah Auburn
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bridget E Barber
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alyssa Barry
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia,Deakin University, Geelong, Australia,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jun Cao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nguyen Hoang Chau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Cindy Chu
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Arjen M. Dondorp
- Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Diego F. Echeverry
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fe Espino
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Qi Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Lemu Golassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Matthew J Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Yaghoob Hamedi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Tran Tinh Hien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ye Htut
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Nadira Karunaweera
- University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka,School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Wasif Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Marcus Lacerda
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil,Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Benedikt Ley
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Pharath Lim
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, USA,Parsons Corporation, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, USA
| | - Yaobao Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Chanthap Lon
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Jutta Marfurt
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | - Olivo Miotto
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rezika Mohammed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Paul N Newton
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thuy-Nhien Nguyen
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Francois Nosten
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | | | - Zuleima Pava
- Centro Internacionale de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Aung P Phyo
- Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ric N Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Awab Ghulam Rahim
- Nangarhar Medical Faculty, Nangarhar University, Ministry of Higher Education, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar,Universités d'Antananarivo et de Mahajanga, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Julian C Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela Rumaseb
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Kamala Thriemer
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Marcelo Urbano Ferreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sonam Wangchuk
- Royal Center for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Thomas E Wellems
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nicholas J White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Timothy William
- Clinical Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia,Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Maria F Yasnot
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas y Biomédicas de Córdoba-GIMBIC, Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
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19
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Ahmad S, Shahid I, Shehzad N, Khan W, Din HU, Idrees M, Amin B, Laref A. First principles study of optoelectronic and photocatalytic performance of novel transition metal dipnictide XP 2 (X = Ti, Zr, Hf) monolayers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11202-11206. [PMID: 35425062 PMCID: PMC8996753 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Low cost and highly efficient two dimensional materials as photocatalysts are gaining much attention to utilize solar energy for water splitting and produce hydrogen fuel as an alternative to deal with the energy crisis and reduce environmental hazards. First principles calculations are performed to investigate the electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of novel two dimensional transition metal dipnictide XP2 (X = Ti, Zr, Hf) monolayers. The studied single layer XP2 is found to be dynamically and thermally stable. TiP2, ZrP2 and HfP2 systems exhibit semiconducting nature with moderate indirect band gap values of 1.72 eV, 1.43 eV and 2.02 eV, respectively. The solar light absorption is found to be in energy range of 1.65–3.3 eV. All three XP2 systems (at pH = 7) and the HfP2 monolayer (at pH = 0) that straddle the redox potentials, are promising candidates for the water splitting reaction. These findings enrich the two dimensional family and provide a platform to design novel devices for emerging optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. Low cost and highly efficient two dimensional materials as photocatalysts are gaining much attention to utilize solar energy for water splitting and produce hydrogen fuel as an alternative to deal with the energy crisis and reduce environmental hazards.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Ahmad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Computational Centre for Molecular Science, Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Ismail Shahid
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Computational Centre for Molecular Science, Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Nasir Shehzad
- School of Physics, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - W Khan
- Department of Physics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda KP Pakistan
| | - H U Din
- Department of Physics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda KP Pakistan
| | - M Idrees
- Department of Physics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology Havelian Abbottabad KP Pakistan
| | - B Amin
- Department of Physics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology Havelian Abbottabad KP Pakistan
| | - A Laref
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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20
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Khan W, Hassan HU, Gabol K, Khan S, Gul Y, Ahmed AE, Swelum AA, Khooharo AR, Ahmad J, Shafeeq P, Ullah RQ. Biodiversity, distributions and isolation of microplastics pollution in finfish species in the Panjkora River at Lower and Upper Dir districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e256817. [PMID: 35293545 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic aim of this study was aimed to determine the ichthyofaunal diversity of River Panjkora in both upper and lower Dir districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.Fish samples were collected by using fishnets from March to September 2020. A total of 724 specimens were collected and classified into 5 families, 14 genera, and 18 species. The overall results revealed that most fish fauna of river Panjkora contains 8 species of family Cyprinidae (56.49%) followed by 4 species of Nemacheilidae (24.44%), 2 species of Channidae (10.63%), and Sisoridae (7.04%), and 1 species of Mastacembelidae (1.38%), respectively. Among all kinds of fish species, Schizothorax plagiostomus (16.57%) was highly dominated and followed by Carassius auratus (11.87%) and Racoma labiata (9.66%) and were reported as highly abundant, especially during April, May, and June. The least abundant species were Glyptothorax punjabensis, Glyptothorax sufii, and Mastacembelus armatus, that constituting 2.48%, 2.20%, and 1.38% of the total fish samples. The Overall Simpson's diversity (1-D= 0.919) and Simpson's Reciprocal index values (1/D= 12.3876), and Shannon's index (H= 2.68) were indicating that river Panjkora contains a quite rich and diverse group of fish species. The highest microplastics observed in site 7 compared to other study area. Conservation steps should be taken as a top priority to protect and conserve the marine environment and natural heritage from further loss, extinction and stop or minimize losses incurred through irresponsible fishery practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, KPK, Pakistan
| | - H U Hassan
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan.,Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Fisheries Development Board,Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K Gabol
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Y Gul
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A E Ahmed
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Biology Department, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,South Valley University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Theriogenology, Qena, Egypt
| | - A A Swelum
- Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Theriogenology, Sharkia 44519, Egypt
| | - A R Khooharo
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - J Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, KPK, Pakistan
| | - P Shafeeq
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - R Q Ullah
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
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21
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Ahmad B, Khan W, Haq TU, Ahmad S, Zahoor M, Alotaibi A, Ullah R. Beneficial effects of coconut oil (Cocos nucifera) on hematobiochemicl and histopathological markers in CCL4-intoxicated rabbits. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e252555. [PMID: 35293540 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.252555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the effect of Coconut Oil on the levels of some liver and hematological parameters in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rabbits. Also the antioxidant capacity of Coconut Oil for various concentrations was assessed on the basis of percent scavenging of (DPPH) free radical. Experimental animals were divided into five groups, eight rabbits in each group. These were: group A (Normal control), group B (Toxic control), group C (Standard control), group D (Treated with Coconut Oil 50 mL/kg body weight after CCl4 intoxication), group E (Treated with Coconut Oil 200 mL/kg body weight after CCl4 intoxication). The effects observed were compared with a standard hepatoprotective drug silymarine (50 mL/kg body weight). The Coconut Oil (200 mL/kg body weight) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the elevated serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) when compared to a toxic control rabbits. The results of extract treated rabbits were similar to silymarine administered rabbits group. Treatment with Coconut Oil root and silymarine caused no significant changes in RBC, Platelets, (Hb), (MCH) concentration and (HCT) values. However, significant (P<0.05) increase was observed in the total WBC count. The present study suggested that Coconut Oil can be used as an herbal alternative (need further exploration i.e to detect its bioactive compound and its efficacy) for hepatoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - T U Haq
- University of Malakand, Department of Biotechnology, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Islamia College Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Zahoor
- University of Malakand, Department of Biochemistry, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Alotaibi
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, College Of Medicine, Department of Basic Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Ullah
- King Saud University, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plant Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Khan T, Khan W, Iqbal R, Maqbool A, Fadladdin YAJ, Sabtain T. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in cows and buffaloes in Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 83:e242677. [PMID: 35137844 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) Parasitic infection is a hot issue for cattle management. There is variation of GI parasites effects in sex, age of cattle, drinking water condition, nutrition, and severity of infection. Studies on prevalence of GI parasites among cattle population in Dir Lower are lacking. A total of 40 farms were selected randomly in six tehsil namely Tehsil Adenzai, Tehsil Timergara, Tehsil Balambat, Tehsil Munda ,Tehsil Lalqala, Tehsil Khall. Freshly cattle fecal samples were collected randomly from the selected farms during March 2018 till December 2018. Out of 314 buffaloes and cattle examined 58.59% (184/314) were positive for eggs, cyst/oocyst of one or more species of GI Parasites. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in Buffaloes 63.55% (75/118) as compared to Cow 55.61% (109/196) but the difference was not significant (p>0.05) Entamoeba,spp, Moniezia spp, Haemonchus spp and Coccidian spp were found in this study. The non-treated animals indicated the highest percentage of infection in cow 57.71% (101/175) and buffalo 68.13% (62/91).GI parasite prevalence in female animal were higher female cow 62.58% (87/139) and female buffalo 77.33% (58/75) as compared to male. But the difference is non-significant (p> 0.05) Yearling calves had the lower rate of GI parasitic infection than adults. Future investigations are necessary to evaluate the economic loss due to GI parasites in cattle's.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Khan
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Roohullah Iqbal
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - A Maqbool
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Y A J Fadladdin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - T Sabtain
- University of Agriculture, Department of Zoology, Wild Life and Fisheries, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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23
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Rahman HU, Khatoon N, Arshad S, Masood Z, Ahmad B, Khan W, Rafiq N, Khan MI, Kabir M, Haq ZU, Kamal I, Khan E, Rashid M, Haq AU, Garedaghi Y. Prevalence of intestinal nematodes infection in school children of urban areas of district Lower Dir, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e244158. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Intestinal parasitism is the main cause of disease all over the world and described as a significant community health problem. The current study intended to find out the occurrence and identification of hazard factors linked with IPIs among 4-12 years aged shool-age children residing in Lower Dir district, Pakistan during 2019 - 2020. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted using a pre-arranged pre-tested survey. Anthropometric data and stool collection were done to obtain the findings. The direct wet mount preparation in saline/iodine/methods was used for stool examination. Data were investigated using the GraphPad Prism 5. A total of 400 children studied (mean age of 8.6±3.6 years) the total incidence rate for the intestinal parasitic disease was established to be 71.75%. Of the 400 children studied, the overall prevalence rate for intestinal parasitic infections was found to 71.75% Ascaris lumbricoides (33.1%), Trichuris trichiura (1.04%), E. vermicularis (1.39%), Hookworm (19.86%) were identified in children living in the study area. We concluded that there is a mass scale campaigns were required to generate alertness about health and sanitation in children and the need for the development of effective poverty control programs because deworming (killing of worm with drugs) alone is not adequate to control parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Z. Masood
- Sardar Bahadur Khan women University, Pakistan
| | - B. Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - W. Khan
- University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - N. Rafiq
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - M. I. Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - M. Kabir
- University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Z. Ul Haq
- Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - I. Kamal
- Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - E. Khan
- Government Degree College, Pakistan
| | | | - A. ul Haq
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Pakistan
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24
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Khan W, Khan AA, Khan J, Khatoon N, Arshad S, Los Ríos Escalante PD. Death caused by covid-19 in top ten countries in Asia affected by covid-19 pandemic with special reference to Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248281. [PMID: 34852158 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 is a contagious viral disease, was first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and became the whole world on alert. The mortality rate in top most countries in Asia with special reference to Pakistan has been focused. Since February 26 to September 2020 the total confirmed cases and mortality rate was measured through Wikipedia and the notable journals. Iran is the only country having highest number of deaths (5.73%) followed by Indonesia (3.77%) while Saudi Arabia shows the lowest number of deaths as 1.39%. In Pakistan the first case was confirmed in 26th February, 2020. The nCov-19 has closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) hence SARS COV-2 was named. This virus is responsible for more than 33.9 million deaths in over all the world as of 20th September, 2020. The number of new cases is increasing time to time. Sindh province of Pakistan has reported the highest number of cases till September, 20, 2020 as compared to other parts of the country and has the highest number of death followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Because of the person to person contact the disease is spreading rapidly. The individuals who has already infected with other diseases like cancer or diabetic etc. are vulnerable. The nCOV-19 is the most contagious due to its mode of transmission. There is still no vaccine is available for the treatment of disease caused by nCoV-2019. It is therefore the only option to control this pandemic is to adopt effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - A A Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - J Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Pharmacy, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - N Khatoon
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Arshad
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - P De Los Ríos Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Temuco, Chile.,Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales UC Temuco, Casilla, Temuco, Chile
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25
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Khan W, Naqvi SMHM, Ul Hassan H, Khan S, Ullah U, De Los Ríos Escalante P. Length-weight relationship: eight species of Cyprinidae from river Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e242922. [PMID: 34817020 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven hundred and twenty four fish specimens were captured from March to September 2016. The materials used in the current study were cast nets, hand nets. Eight cyprinid fish species were studied for their length-weight relationships. Parameter b in the LWR was 3.03, 3.06, 3.02, 2.29, 2.82, 3.43, 2.73 and 2.47 for Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schizothorax esocinus, Racoma labiata, Tor putitora, Barilius vagra, Garra gotyla, Puntius ticto and Arassius auratus respectively. Current study is the first attempt on the LWRs of cyprinid species, provide a baseline approach for conservation and /management of local fish fauna of economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - S M H M Naqvi
- Pakistan Agricultural Research Council - PARC, Southern Zone Agricultural Research Center - SARC, Outreach Research Activity Unit - ORAU, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H Ul Hassan
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Department of Animal Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - U Ullah
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - P De Los Ríos Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Temuco, Chile.,Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales UC Temuco, Casilla, Temuco, Chile
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26
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Khan W, Rafiq N, Nawaz MA, Kabir M, Farooqi ZUR, Romman M, Parvez R, Alfarraj S, Noor A, Ujjan AA. Parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables sold in open markets: a public health threat. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e242614. [PMID: 34816974 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables eating raw are a leading source of transmission of infective forms of pathogenic internal parasites among human beings. This research was conducted from April to October, 2017 to assess the parasitic contamination of vegetables sold at main vegetable markets in districts Lower Dir and Peshawar, Pakistan. Eight hundred specimens of different vegetables were purchased and soaked in physiological saline solution, shaken with a mechanical shaker for 20 minutes and processed by sedimentation concentration method. Results revealed that only 19.7% (n=158/800) of the vegetables were found to be contaminated with single or multiple parasite species. Ascaris lumbricoides (the large round worm) 12.3% (n=99/800) was the most commonly detected pathogen and Taenia saginata (the beef tapeworm) 1.62% (n=13/800) was the least frequently detected one. Interestingly, significant p value (p>0.05 at 95%CI) between the number of examined and contaminated for all the variables studied including education status of the vendors, markets location, type of vegetables, means of display, washed before display, washing source of water and market type. The findings of this study evidenced that consumption of raw vegetables possesses great risk of getting parasitic infections in Lower Dir and Peshawar districts, Pakistan. Instructing the sellers and the public about parasitic disease transfer and their hygiene can reduce the infection rate of parasites of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, KP, Pakistan
| | - N Rafiq
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - M A Nawaz
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Department of Biotechnology, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), KPK, Pakistan
| | - M Kabir
- University of Sargodha, Department of Biological Sciences, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Z Ur R Farooqi
- University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Romman
- University of Chitral, Department of Botany, KP, Pakistan
| | - R Parvez
- Government Girls Degree College Dargai, Department of Botany, Malakand, KP, Pakistan
| | - S Alfarraj
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Noor
- Karakoram International University Gilgit, Biological Sciences Department, Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - A A Ujjan
- University of Sindh, Institute of Plant Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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27
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Khan W, Khan MI, Hussain S, Masood Z, Shadman M, Baset A, Rahman A, Mohsin M, Alfarraj S. Comparative analysis of brain in relation to the body length and weight of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in captive (hatchery) and wild (river system) populations. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e242897. [PMID: 34816975 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyprinus carpio is the member of family cyprinidae commonly called common carp. This study was aimed to find out the comparison of brain of wild (river system) and captive (hatchery reared) population of common carp. A total of thirty samples (15 from hatchery and 15 from river Swat) were collected. All the specimens were examined in Laboratory of Parasitoloy, Zoology Department, University of Malakand. Findings indicated that wild population were greater in brain size and weight as compared to hatchery reared population. The fish samples collected from captive environment (hatchery) were showing more weight and length as compared to wild population of common carps. The mean value of total weight of hatchery fishes 345±48.68 and the mean value of brain weight of hatchery reared fishes 0.28±0.047. The mean value of wild fish's total body weight 195.16±52.58 and the mean value of brain weight of wild fishes are 0.45±0.14. Present research calls for the fact that fish in dependent environmental conditions possess brain larger in size as compared to its captive population, it is due to use and disuse of brain in their environmental requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - M I Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - S Hussain
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Z Masood
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Department of Zoology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - M Shadman
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - A Baset
- Bacha Khan University, Department of Zoology, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - A Rahman
- Friedrich-Alexander-University - FAU, Institute of Geography, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Erlangen- Nuremberg Germany.,University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - M Mohsin
- Islamia College University, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S Alfarraj
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ruhoollah, Khan W, Al-Jabr OA, Khan T, Khan A, El-Ghareeb WR, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Hussein EOS, Alhimaidi AR, Swelum AA. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in small ruminants of District Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248978. [PMID: 34669799 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research was planned to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small ruminants of Upper Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the faecal material was collected randomly with gloved fingers directly from the rectum region of sheep and goats and the faecal materials were then put in hygienic plastic bottles with 10% formalin. The overall 315 (n=184 sheep and n= 131 goats) faecal samples were collected out of 315 samples, 281 were found positive for different parasites. Patterns-wise prevalence of GI parasites of the study area was found. Overall Single parasitism 89.20% (281/315) with 94.0% (173/184) in sheep and 82.43% (108/131) in goats. Double parasitic infection in small ruminant recorded in which Fasciola+ Haemonchus. contortus in sheep were found their prevalence was 25.54% (47/184). While in goats, the double parasitic infection in which Haemonchus contortus+Trichuris spp were found and their prevalence were 23.43% (30/131). The species found in the sample of sheep were includes, i.e., Strongyloides papillosus (41.30%), Heamonchus controtus (21.73%), Trichuris ovis (17.39%), and Fasciola hepatica (13.58%), the corresponding value for goat were Strongyloides spp 33.33% (36/108), Haemonchus spp 28.70%, (27/108), Trichuris spp 25.20% (27/184) and Fasciola spp 10.68% (14/184). The sheep of the study area are more infected as compared to goats. This study suggested that gastrointestinal parasites are major health problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, a comprehensive study on species of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in the area, control options, cost-effective strategies and awareness about gastrointestinal parasites among the farmers in the study area should be instituted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhoollah
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Department of Molecular Biology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, KPK, Pakistan
| | - O A Al-Jabr
- King Faisal University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Khan
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Department of Molecular Biology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - W R El-Ghareeb
- King Faisal University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Public Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Control, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - L Aguilar-Marcelino
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias - INIFAP, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
| | - E O S Hussein
- King Saud University, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Department of Animal Production, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A R Alhimaidi
- King Saud University, College of Sciences, Department of Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Swelum
- King Saud University, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Department of Animal Production, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Zagazig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Theriogenology, Zagazig, Egypt
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29
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Rahman HU, Khan W, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Yasmin S, Ahmad W, Haq ZU, Shah MIA, Khan R, Ahmad U, Khan AA, De Los Ríos Escalante P. Prevalence of cestodes infection among school children of urban parts of Lower Dir district, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e242205. [PMID: 34644726 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tapeworms of zoonotic importance have been described as a leading public health problem. Current research was aim to assess the prevalence of tapeworms among 5-12years school children residing in district Lower Dir, Pakistan from January 2019-December 2019. The wet mount preparation in saline/iodine/methods were used for stool examination. Data was analyzed using appropriate descriptive, static methods. Of the 400 children studied 71.7% were infected with one or more species of intestinal parasites. Single infection of cestode species was found in 69 individuals with 17.2% prevalence and multiple parasitic infections were identified in 19.7% (n=79/400) individuals. The multiple infection were comprised as 10% (n=40) double, 6.75% (n=27) triple and 3% (n=12) quadruple. A total of 9 species of helminths and one species of protozoan infection. Among the helminths Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent 33.1% (n=95), Taenia saginata 22.6% (n=65), hookworm 19.8% (n=57), Hymenolepis nana 18.8% (n=54), Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolepis diminuta 1.39% (n=4each), Trichuris trichura 1.04% (n=3), Toxocara spp 0.69% (n=2) and Schistosoma japonicum 0.34% (n=1) were reported. One protozoan species was Cryptosporidium spp 0.69% (n=2) in current study. In case of A.lumbricoides, hookworm, E.vermicularis, T.trichura, T.saginata, H.nana and H.diminuta the male children of below 8 years of age were highly infected. Other infections are reported in the same prevalence with slight difference if any. We conclude that there is a need for mass scale campaigns to create awareness regarding health and hygiene in children and the need for development of effective poverty control programs because deworming alone is not adequate to control parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ur Rahman
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Yasmin
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - W Ahmad
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Z Ul Haq
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M I A Shah
- Abdul Wali Khan Unuversity Mardan, Department of Chemistry, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - R Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - U Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - A A Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - P De Los Ríos Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile.,Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales UC Temuco, Casilla, Temuco, Chile
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30
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Ulhaq Z, Khan W, Khan MF, Kabir M, Ujjan AA, Ullah W, Masood Z, Khan S, De Los Ríos Escalante P. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases in school children of rural areas of district Lower Dir, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e243150. [PMID: 34644727 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study was conducted among school children to recognize the prevalence of IPIs in rural communities of district Dir Lower, Pakistan. A sum of 324 samples of stool were collected (210 boys and 114 girls). Used direct smear method and formol ether sedimentation concentration technique for processing the samples. The result shows that 82% (n=266) were found infected comprised 64.8% male and 35.1% females. Children of the age group 10 to 12 years were found extremely infected 94.2% while 4-6 year age group were having minimum ratio of infection 72%. Current study shows mono parasitism in 50.6% of the students while 22.2% were infected with 2 species and 7.40% were infected with three species of parasites. Seven species of intestinal parasites were reported include Ascaris lumbricoid in male (n=122) 58.0% and in female (n=65) 57.0% followed by Hook worm (n=88) 41.9% and (n=44) 38.5%; Tania saginata (n=44) 20.9% and (n=24) 21.0%; Entrobius vermicularis (n=32) 15.2% and (n=16) 14.0%; Trichuris trichura (n=25) 11.9% and (n=22) 19.2%; Hymenolepis nana (n=24) 11.4% and (n=18) 15.7% and Entameoba histolytica (n=16) 7.61% and (n=14) 12.2% in male and females respectively. The study indicates that most occurring intestinal parasite in the current study were Ascaris lumbricoides 58.0% (n=122) followed by hookworms 41.9% (n=88). Male students were more infected than females in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ulhaq
- Hazara University, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - M F Khan
- Hazara University, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Kabir
- University of Sargodha, Department of Biological Sciences, Sub campus Bhakkar, Bhakkar-30000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A A Ujjan
- University of Sindh, Institute of Plant Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - W Ullah
- Hazara University, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Z Masood
- Department of Zoology, SBK Women University Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Hazara University, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - P De Los Ríos Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile.,Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales UC Temuco, Casilla, Temuco, Chile
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31
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Khan W, Baig A, Afzaal Q, Davison J, Hutchings S, Kulkarni A, Brown A, Ashford R. 854 Mortality Associated with Conversion of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Failed Fixation/Hemiarthroplasty for Neck of Femur Fractures. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
To identify the mortality associated with failed internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty of neck of femur fractures.
Method
Patients undergoing conversion of internal fixation / hemi arthroplasty were identified from theatre records and surgical databases. Data was stored in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Clinical outcomes at 30 days, 1 year and 5 years post conversion total hip replacement.
Results
60 cases were collected between June 2006 and November 2016. 46 females and 14 males involved in the case. The mean age of male patients was 66.5 and for females 67.9. 32 patients had previous sliding hip screw fixation,12 had intra-medullary nails, 8 had cannulated screw fixation and 5 patients had hemiarthroplasty. The mean time to failure was 22 months (Range: 2 weeks to 60 months) and there were 6 cases of late posttraumatic arthritis (range 4 yrs to 23 yrs). Average time from documented failure to conversion THR was 2 months. There were 2 superficial wound infections which were successfully treated with antibiotics. There were 2 cases of deep infection which required multiple debridement, washout, and prolonged inpatient stay. Average duration of hospital stay was 5.7days. 18 patients died before 5 years for reasons unrelated to their hip. All had a functional prosthesis at time of last review. 42 patients alive at 5 years had a functional prosthesis at last review
Conclusions
Total Hip Arthroplasty is a successful procedure for failed fixation / hemiarthroplasty despite the technical challenges. A 3–5-year mortality rate of 33.33 % reflects well against the NHFD 1year mortality of 30 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - A Baig
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Q Afzaal
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - J Davison
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - S Hutchings
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - A Kulkarni
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - A Brown
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - R Ashford
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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32
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Ilahi I, Yousafzai AM, Attaullah M, Haq TU, Rahim A, Khan W, Khan AA, Ullah S, Jan T, Khan MM, Rahim G, Zaman N. Mosquitocidal activities of Chenopodium botrys whole plant n-hexane extract against Culex quinquefasciatus. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e240842. [PMID: 34550279 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.240842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate various mosquitocidal activities of Chenopodium botrys whole- plant n-hexane extract against Culex quinquefasciatus. The extract showed remarkable larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, oviposition deterrent and adult emergence inhibitory activities against Cx. quinquefasciatus. During the larvicidal and pupicidal activities, the 24-hour lethal concentration (LC50) of extract against 2nd instar larvae, 4th instar larvae and pupae were 324.6, 495.6 and 950.8 ppm, respectively. During the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) bottle bioassay for adulticidal activity, the median knockdown times (KDT50) at 1.25% concentration was 123.4 minutes. During the filter paper impregnation bioassay for adulticidal activity, the KDT50 value at 0.138 mg/cm2 concentration was 48.6 minutes. The extract was fractionated into 14 fractions through silica gel column chromatography which were then combined into six fractions on the basis of similar retention factor (Rf) value. These fractions were screened for adulticidal activity by applying CDC bottle bioassay. The fraction obtained through 60:40 to 50:50% n-hexanes-chloroform mobile phase with 0.5 Rf value showed 100% adulticidal activity at 0.2% concentration. During oviposition deterrent activity, the highest concentration (1000 ppm) showed 71.3 ± 4.4% effective repellence and 0.6 ± 0.1 oviposition activity index. During adult emergence inhibition activity, the median emergence inhibition (EI50) value was 312.3 ppm. From the outcome of the present investigation, it is concluded that the n-hexane extract of C. botrys whole- plant possesses strong larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, oviposition deterrent and adult emergence inhibitory activities against Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ilahi
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,Islamia College Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A M Yousafzai
- Islamia College Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Attaullah
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - T U Haq
- University of Malakand, Department of Biotechnology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Rahim
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A A Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Biotechnology, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - T Jan
- University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M M Khan
- The University of Haripur, Department of Microbiology, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - G Rahim
- University of Malakand, Department of Botany, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Zaman
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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33
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Hamidullah, Javid A, Rasheed SB, Ullah A, Attaullah, Ahmad QA, Khan MI, Shahbaz M, Anwar K, Khan W, Ahmad Z, Ullah I. Parasitic prevalence in bat fauna captured from selected sites in northwestern Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:776-784. [PMID: 32965336 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.231004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study was conducted to record ecotoparasitic prevalence in bat fauna of the northwestern parts of Pakistan. A total of 204 bat specimens representing 14 species were captured during a two year survey, extending from June 2015 through May 2016. A species of soft ticks Argas vespertilionis was identified from 23 bat specimens. Similarly, members of the family Dermanyssoidae (dermanyssoid mites) were isolated from 10 bat specimens, that of Spinturnicidae (spinturnicid mites) from 3 and Streblidae (bat flies) from 2 bat specimens. These parasites were collected using entomological tweezers and were identified on morphological basis. Further studies on parasitic prevalence, molecular characterization of bat parasites and their control measures are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidullah
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Javid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S B Rasheed
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Ullah
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Attaullah
- Hazara University, Departmentof Human Genetic, Mansera, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Q A Ahmad
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M I Khan
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Shahbaz
- Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Department of Zoology, Bagh, Pakistan
| | - K Anwar
- Veterinary Research and Diseases Investigation Center, Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Balogram Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Z Ahmad
- Lahore College for Women University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - I Ullah
- University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Khan W, Nisa NN, Pervez S, Ahmed S, Ahmed MS, Alfarraj S, Ali A, Tahreem S. Occurrence of Hymenolepis diminuta: a potential helminth of zoonotic importance in murid rodents. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e242089. [PMID: 34378679 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study reveals the prevalence of a potential rodent-borne zoonotic helminth species, Hymenolepis diminuta in commensal rodents caught from irrigated and rain-fed areas of Swat, Pakistan. Three hundred and fifty rodents (269 rats and 81 mice) trapped during vegetative, flowering/fruiting and mature/harvesting stages of crops were studied from 2011-2013. Hymenolepisdiminuta eggs were identified on the basis of their shape, size, colour and markings on the surface of the egg shell and three pairs of embryonic hook-lets. Overall prevalence of H. diminuta was 3.14% (n=11/350). The highest prevalence 3.49% (n=5/143) of H. diminuta was noted at harvesting stages of the crops whereas the lowest 2.59% (n=2/77) during vegetative stage. Infection was higher in males 3.25% (n=7/215) than females 2.96% (n=4/135). Adult rodents were highly infected while no sub-adult was found infected. Infection was higher in mice 3.70% (3/81) than rats 2.69% (8/269) while no significance (p=1.0000:0.1250 to 32.00 CI). Rats and mice appears to show the most suitable reservoirs by hosting H. diminuta a zoonotic helminth. The presence of these rodents in all possible habitats can act as a main channel of transferring parasites through various habitats and can pose a hazard to humans in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Zoology Department, Dir (Lower), Pakistan
| | - N N Nisa
- Pakistan Agricultural Research Council - PARC, Southern Zone-Agricultural Research Centre - SARC, Vertebrate Pest Control Institute - VPCI, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Pervez
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Department of Biochemistry, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Hazara University, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmed
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - S Alfarraj
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Ali
- MirPur University of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - S Tahreem
- University of Agriculture, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Khan W, Khan Z, Lane J, Saini A. Functional Cardiac Ct In Pediatric And Adult Patients With Congenital And Acquired Heart Diseases. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Luqman L, Saeed K, Muhammad K, Ahmad MS, Akbar F, Rasool A, Israr M, Jabeen H, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Alam A, Ullah S, Saeed N, Usman K, Hussain I, El Halim HMA, Khan W, Shah M. Biodiversity of orb-web spiders (family: araneidae) of buner valley, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238339. [PMID: 34161423 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research was carried out to explore the spider fauna of Buner valley with taxonomic study from February 2018 to January 2019. For this purpose samples were collected, four times at each month from 4 tehsils: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan and Totalai. Two methods were used, hand picking and sweep net for collection of samples. During day and night, three habitats, arid area, agriculture land and building area were search for collection. A total of 534 samples of spider were collected from four sampling sites, in which 379 were belonging to family Araniedae. After confirmation, the identified species were belonging to 8 genera (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia and Poltys) and 19 species. 18 of them were identified to specie level while a single specie to its generic level. The genus Neoscona was the dominant genus 26.31% having 5 species while the genus Argiope 21.05% is the second dominant having 4 species followed by Cyclosa 15.78% having 3 species followed by Cyrtophora and Araneus 10.52% having two species both. The Poltys and Larinia 5.26% are the rarest genera represent single-single specie both. Statistical analysis show that specie richness (D) = 5.77, Simpson index (1-D) = 0.87, Shannon index (H) = 2.33. Diversity of spiders was evenly distributed and calculated Evenness value was H/InS = 0.5408. There is also few atypical species and Fisher alpha estimate high value (Fisher α) = 4.42. Chao-1 estimated we have reported 22 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Luqman
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Saeed
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Muhammad
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakista
| | - M S Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Women University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Alam
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Saeed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Usman
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - I Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - W Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Shah M, Kausar S, Mian JA, Jabeen H, Ullah N, Rasool A, Akbar F, Israr M, Mehmood SA, Ahmad S, Khan MAA, Muhammad S, Khan W, Bibi S, Sayaf AM, Usman K, Ahmed D. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of Schizothorax plagiostomus at River Swat. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e243633. [PMID: 34076166 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.243633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snow trout (Schizothorax plagiostomus) is an economically important freshwater fish, mostly found in northern areas of water reservoirs of Pakistan. The current study was conducted in River Swat to analyze the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, and Zn) in tissues of Schizothorax plagiostomus. Tissues were extracted and dissolved in perchloric acid (HClO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) along with hotplate. The heavy metals, zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni) were determined using Perkin Elmer 2380 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results shows great variation in the content of the metal related to tissue type and sampling sites. A high concentration of bioaccumulation was reported at Charbagh, whereas lowest at Odigram: Charbagh>Landakai>Odigram. In the same way, Cr was the most accumulated heavy metal followed by lead, nickel, and Zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - S Kausar
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - J A Mian
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Women University Mardan, Department of Microbiology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - N Ullah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- University of Swat, Department of Forensics Sciences, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M A A Khan
- University of Peshawar, Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S Muhammad
- University of Swat, Institute of Agricultural Sciences & Forestry, Charbagh, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - S Bibi
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A M Sayaf
- Instituto de Quimica, USP, University in São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Usman
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - D Ahmed
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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Ullah N, Ullah I, Israr M, Rasool A, Akbar F, Ahmad MS, Ahmad S, Mehmood SA, Jabeen H, Saeed K, Khan W, Siraj M, Shah M. Comparative brain analysis of wild and hatchery reared Mahseer (Tor putitora) relative to their body weight and length. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e231509. [PMID: 34076158 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.231509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at comparing the brain size of mahseer (Tor putitora) in relation to their body weight and standard length, to investigate the potential impact of rearing environment on brain development in fish. The weight of the brain and three of its subdivisions cerebellum (CB), optic tectum (OT), and telencephalon (TC) were measured for both wild and hatchery-reared fish. The data was analysed using multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and discriminate function analysis (DFA). We found the fish reared under hatchery conditions exhibit smaller brain size related to body weight, when compared to the wild ones. A significant (p<0.5) difference was observed in the length of CB and OT concerning the standard body length while no significant difference was found in TC of the fish from both the origins. The results of the current study highlight a logical assumption that neural deficiency affects the behaviour of fish, that's why the captive-reared fish show maladaptive response and face fitness decline when released to the natural environment for wild stock enhancement. The current study concluded that hatchery-reared fish exhibit variations in gross brain morphology as compared to their wild counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ullah
- Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - I Ullah
- Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- Department of Forensics Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Department of Microbiology, Women University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - K Saeed
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Buner, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - M Siraj
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- Centre for Animal Sciences and Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
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Khan W, Naqvi SMHM, Ahmad N, Kamal M, Hassan H, Noor A, Khan S, Ahmad J, Ullah U, Akhtar S, Shadman M. Prevalence of rhabdochoniasis in snow trout of river Swat and river Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238874. [PMID: 34037079 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was aimed to explore the helminth parasitic diseases in Schizothorax plagiostomus (the snow trout) from river Swat and river Panjkora, Pakistan. Collection of 360 fish specimens have done from the lower, middle and upper reaches of both the rivers through gill nets, cast nets, dragon nets and hooks. All the samples were examined in the University of Malakand, Zoology Department for helminth parasites during the months from January 2015 to December 2016. Of the total examined fish samples 21.9% (n=79) were infected with Rhabdochona spp including 17.7% (n=32/180) in river Swat and 26.6% (n=47/180) in river Panjkora. Highest month-wise prevalence (p=0.09878,p<0.05) was reported in May (30%), then by February and October each (26.6%) while the lowest during August (13.3%). Highest prevalence (p=0.9723, p<0.05) was reported in summer season (26.6%), while lowest in the winter season (20%). Adults were highly infected (p=< 0.0001) in prevalence (63.7%) followed by sub-adults (13.2%) while no infection was found in juvenile specimens. Females fish samples had higher (p=0.0277, p>0.05) prevalence (28.8%) than males (16.6%). Fishes of the lower reaches had highest (p=0.0029, P>0.05) prevalence (31.7%) followed by middle reaches (16.5%) while the lowest prevalence was observed in samples of fish collected from upper reaches (9.87%). Present study address that Rhabdochona spp in the intestine of snow trout has a long term relationship and call as a natural infection in cyprinids and zoonotic risk to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - S M H M Naqvi
- Southern Zone Agricultural Research Center - SARC, Outreach Research Activity Unit - ORAU, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Ahmad
- Bahria University, Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratories, Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Kamal
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H Hassan
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Noor
- Karakoram International University, Department of Biological Sciences, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Quaid-e-Azam University, Department of Animal Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - J Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - U Ullah
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - S Akhtar
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Shadman
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
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Khan W, Das SN, Ullah H, Panhwar WA, Ahmed S, Ahmad MS, Kamal M, Ahmad A, Mohsin MU, Hussain A, Khaliq G, Hussain I. Distribution of commensal rodents in some shops of three districts in Malakand region, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238735. [PMID: 34037077 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using wire mesh live traps distribution pattern of the Rattus rattus and Mus musculus in different shops of three districts of Malakand region, Pakistan were recorded from September 2014 to October 2015. Over all 103 rodents (Rattus rattus 86 and Mus musculus 17) were caught during in 0.04 trap success (2448 trap nights). Regression of daily captures on cumulative captures revealed an estimate of 103 rodents from all the sampled structures with an average of 3.55 rodents per shop. R. rattus; 83.4% of captures were numerically dominant in almost all types of shops sampled, and were significantly different than Mus musculus; 16.5% of captures. Both species were found together in some shops while they were mostly trapped from the separate shops. Male rodents outnumbered the females.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S N Das
- Sindh University Jamshoro, Department of Zoology, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - H Ullah
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - W A Panhwar
- Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Department of Zoology, Miris, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmad
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - M Kamal
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Ahmad
- Friedrich Schiller Universtat Jena, Department of Microbiology, Neugasse, Jena, Germany
| | - M U Mohsin
- Islamia College University Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - G Khaliq
- Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Uthal, Baluchistan, Pakistan
| | - I Hussain
- University of Haripur, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Haripur, Pakistan
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Nisa NU, Khan W, Khan A, Das SN, Rafiq N, Anwar K, Khan BT, Ullah I, Khan M, Alam A. Description of Lutziella swatensis sp.n. (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae) from Rattus rattus in Swat, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e225092. [PMID: 34037073 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.225092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of the genus Lutziella (Rohde, 1966) Yamaguti, 1971 is described here and named Lutziella swatensis sp.nov. from the liver of rat (Rattus rattus L.). The new species is characterized by having body flat, smooth, longer than broad with maximum width at the level of the ovary, oral sucker with weak musculature, pharynx small; eosophagus long; caeca of irregular shape which bifurcate on the anterior border of the ovary in to unequal portions, acetabulum weakly muscular, post-testicular, testes lobed, cirrus pouch somewhat median, small in size containing winding seminal vesicle, prostatic complex and short ejaculatory duct. Genital pore median. Ovary post testicular, submedian; seminal receptacle overlapping ovary, laurer's canal present. Vitellaria follicular extending on each side from almost the level of testes to anterior portion of posterior half of the body. Uterus filled with eggs occupying most of the body, eggs oval rather small, numerous, brownish in colour, excretory vesicle tubular with terminal pore. Lutziella swatensis n. sp. is the second species of the genus known from Pakistan as well as the second species described from murid rodents in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Un Nisa
- University of Karachi, Vertebrate Pest Control Institute - VPCI, Southern Zone-Agricultural Research Centre - SARC, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council - PARC old Block 9 &10, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand Chakdara Lower Dir, Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Khan
- University of Karachi, Crop Diseases Research Institute - C.D.R.I, Southern Zone-Agricultural Research Centre - SARC, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council - PARC, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S N Das
- University of Sindh, Department of Zoology, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - N Rafiq
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - K Anwar
- Veterinary Research and Diseases Investigation Center, Department of Livesstock and Dairy Development, Balogram Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - B T Khan
- University of Buner, Department of Zoology, Buner, Pakistan
| | - I Ullah
- University of Agriculture Peshawar, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Khan
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Alam
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Khan W, Arshad S, Khatoon N, Khan I, Ahmad N, Kamal M, UlHassan H, Khan N, Haq AU, Ilyas M, Ullah S, Ullah I, Mahmoud AH, Mohammed OB. Food handlers: an important reservoir of protozoans and helminth parasites of public health importance. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238891. [PMID: 34037080 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Food handlers plays a primary role in the transmission of pathogenically important protozoans and helminth parasites. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal pathogenic protozoans and helminth parasites among food handlers in and around University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan. Stool samples were collected from 642 food handlers (all of male) in a cross-sectional study from January to November, 2017. Wet Mount Techniques and concentration methods by using salt and formol-ether solutions. Three hundred and eighty four cases (59.8%) were found infected with one more parasites. Most of the individuals were found infected with helminth (47.6%) as compared to intestinal protozoans (0.93%). Seventy two cases (11.2%) of the cases presented mixed infection with both intestinal protozoan and helminth parasites. The order of prevalence for intestinal helminth was Ancylostoma duodenale (n = 258, 40.1%), followed by Taeniasa ginata (n=96, 14.9%) Ascaris lumbricoides (n = 54, 8.40%) and Trichuris trichura (n=30, 4.60%). For intestinal protozoa, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (n = 36, 5.64%) was the only protozoan detected. Mono-parasitism was higher than poly-parasitism. Family size income and education level were the factors significantly (P<0.05) associated in the parasites prevalence. Current research showed that IPIs are primarily the foodborne pathogens still an important public health problem in Pakistan. Effective control programs on parasitic diseases transfer and their associated factors are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Arshad
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Khatoon
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - I Khan
- Swat Medical College, Medical College, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Medical Unit A, Saidu Sharif Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Ahmad
- Bahria University, Department of Maritime sciences, Karachi-75260 Pakistan
| | - M Kamal
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H UlHassan
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Khan
- University of Malakand, Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Ul Haq
- University of Malakand, Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Ilyas
- University of Malakand, Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - I Ullah
- Karakoram International University, Department of Biological Science, Ghizer Campus, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - A H Mahmoud
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - O B Mohammed
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Khan W, Hadi N, Dad I, Panhwar WA, Khan T, Shah M, Imran, Khan AA, Habiba U, Khaliq G, Alam A. Euphlyctis Cyanophlyctis Schneider, 1799 (Amphibia: Dicroglossidae) in district Lower Dir, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e236496. [PMID: 34037074 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.236496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (the skittering frog) is one of the most widespread species in Pakistan. Present study was aimed to know the presence of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis in urban and rural areas of Lower Dir, the North-western Pakistan. A total of 33 frogs were collected, including 15 from rural and 18 from urban areas. The frogs were caught by hands covered with gloves instead of using nets. The collection was managed from August to October 2016 and from April to May 2018. Morphometric analysis, coloration as well as photographs of the frogs have been provided in detail. Skittering frogs were seen frequent in swampy areas near the water bodies. These frogs were mostly seen after sunset.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtukhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Hadi
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtukhwa, Pakistan.,Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Islam Dad
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - W A Panhwar
- University Khairpur Miris Sindh, Department of Zoology Shah Abdul Latif, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | - T Khan
- Virtual University of Lahore, Department of Molecular Biology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Imran
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - A A Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - U Habiba
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - G Khaliq
- Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Uthal, Balochistan
| | - A Alam
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
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44
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Khan W, Panhwar WA, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Ahmed MS, Khan N, Khan MM, Akram W, Ullah S, Imran. Pinworm infection in school children of four districts of Malakand region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238769. [PMID: 34037078 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Illnesses caused by human pinworm remains a pediatric health problem in developing nations including Pakistan. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in school children of four districts in Malakand region, Pakistan. Four hundred faecal specimens were screened from May 2014 to July 2017 using normal saline and Lugol Iodine solution. Twenty three (5.75%) individuals were found infected with E. vermicularis. Five children (1.25%) were infected with only E. vermicularis and eighteen (4.5%) were mixed with other helminths. E. vermicularis 23 (5.75%), hookworm 11 (2.75%), Ascaris lumbricoides 5 (1.25%), Taenia saginata 2 (0.5%) and Trichuris trichuira 4 (1%) were detected. Age wise 5-8 years were more parasitized followed by 13-15 and 9-12 years of age (0.0296, P<0.05). Male children were highly (0.06700, P<0.05) infected than female. Children in Malakand district were found more infected followed by Dir Upper, similar infection rate was noted in children of districts Lower Dir and Swat (0.0192, P<0.05). Children in primary level were highly (0.0013, P<0.05) infected than those of middle and high levels. Enterobiosis is still the most common parasitic diseases in children. Studies on enterobiosis should be conducted time by time to recognize the hazardous of such parasitic infection in remote areas of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W A Panhwar
- Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Miris Sindh, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmed
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - N Khan
- Islamia College University, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M M Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W Akram
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Imran
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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45
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Hussain I, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Salim M, Hussain A, Noureen S, Ahmed D, Israr M, Akbar F, Rasool A, Jabeen H, Saeed K, Alam A, Sanaullah, Usman K, Saeed N, Khan W, Shah M. Systematic analysis of leisler's bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1817) captured from FATA region, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238337. [PMID: 33978080 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive field surveys were carried out to explore the distribution of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) in selected area of FATA regions, Pakistan. Specimens of Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri (Kuhl, 1819) (n5) were collected from Kurram Agency (Shublan) (N33.8229788 E70.1634414) at elevation 1427m and Khyber Agency (Landi Kotel) (N34.0909899 E71.1457517) at elevation 1091m for two years survey extending from May 2013 through August 2015. The mean head and body length, hind foot length, ear length and tail length the Nyctalus leisleri specimens captured from the study area was 65.08 ± 1.58 mm, 44.06 ± 0.52 mm, 8.38 ± 0.60 mm, 13.20 ± 0.99 mm and 39.46 ± 1.46 mm, respectively. For molecular analysis the sequences of COI gene were obtained and analyzed. The mean intraspecific divergences of Nyctalus leisleri was 0.04%. The mean interspecific divergences of Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri was 0.2%. The mean concentration of each nucleotides was A = (26.3%), T = (32.8%), G = (15.9%) and C = (25.0%). The mean A+T contents were 59.2%and C+G were 40.9%. In the phylogenetic tree Nyctalus leisleri and Nyctalus noctula clustered with significant bootstrap support value.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hussain
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Salim
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Noureen
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - D Ahmed
- University of Haripur, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Israr
- University of Swat, Department of Forensic Sciences, Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - F Akbar
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Rasool
- University of Swat, Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, Swat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Jabeen
- Women University Mardan, Department of Microbiology, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Saeed
- University of Buner, Department of Zoology, Swari, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Alam
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sanaullah
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - K Usman
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Saeed
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Science & Fisheries, Saidu Sharif, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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46
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Khan W, Khan I, Ullah H, Zain SNM, Panhwar WA, Mehmood SA, Ahmed S, Siyal GB, Ahmad MS, Shah M, Rafique T, Ali N, Salim M, Hussain A. Cutaneous leishmaniasis-Awareness, knowledge and practices among general population in rural and urban areas in Malakand region, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238665. [PMID: 33825759 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malakand region is an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). However, there are limited number of studies of this disease in Pakistan. Therefore, a study was conducted to understand the level of awareness attitude and practice among the residents of Makaland towards CL and the disease vectors. This study adopted a cross-sectional approach with a total of 400 respondents (n=93 rural and n= 307 urban). Overall, the population in Malakand region (61.2%) were well-informed in the role of sand fly in transmitting diseases, but most lack knowledge on the vector's behavior and almost a quarter (24.5%) were unable to provide knowledge on proper control measures. Alarmingly, the practice and attitudes of the general population was not satisfactory as close to half (49.8%) of the population did adopt any control method. This study calls for increase in awareness through health education campaign to reduce the risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - I Khan
- Swat Medical College, Medical College, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Medical Unit A, Saidu Sharif Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Ullah
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S N M Zain
- University of Malaya, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W A Panhwar
- Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Department of Zoology, Miris, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Hazara University, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmed
- Hazara University, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - G B Siyal
- Sindh University Jamshoro, Department of Zoology, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - M S Ahmad
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - M Shah
- University of Swat, Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, Swat, Pakistan
| | - T Rafique
- University of Malakand, Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Ali
- University of Haripur Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - M Salim
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Haripur, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Haripur, Pakistan
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Khan W, Naqvi SMHM, Khan HU, Rafiq M, Ahmad B, Ahmad B, Ahmad B, Noor A, Akhtar S, Shadman M. Feeding habit of Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in upper parts of river Swat, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e239219. [PMID: 33787749 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.239219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmo trutta fario is the most important fish species of family Salmonidae inhibited in cool waters all over the world including the nortern parts of Pakistan. This study was aimed to find out the prey selection and feeding habits of the species. One hundred and eighty five Salmo trutta fario were captured from March 2016 to April 2017. Feeding intensity as represented by a fullness index (FI), changing with various length groups and season. Out of 185 Brown trout 24 fish stomaches were found empty. The most important and common food items of brown trout were Brachycentridae, Blepharocera, Hydropsychidae, ephemerella spp. Kruskal Wallis H-test were applied on feeding intensity groups consisting of three month group. The test statistic for K.W-H-test were (H=8.13 with df =3) had a p-value of 0.043 < (alpha=0.05 indicates favor of the alternative hypothesis of at least one difference among the feeding intensity groups. The linear relationship of N with index of relative importance and %IRI denoted by least square regression line (N = 35.2 + 22.1%IRI), shows that for 22 prey there is 1% change in IRI. The relationship between total length (mm) and fish body weight (gm) is expressed by Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.976), showed that total length (mm) and fish body weight (gm.) is highly correlated. Descriptive statistics are used for the stomach fullness, which shows that feeding intensity was recorded higher from March to May. A total of 2289 preys was recorded including the most common were; Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae, Brachycentridae, diptera, blepharocera, ephemerala, chironomida, honey bees, grass hopper, locust, trout egg, trochanter, plant tissue, stones were retrieved from the gut contents of brown trout. According to index of relative importance IRI% four preys represents major components of the diet. The highest IRI% was recorded in Brachycentridae (39.38%), followed by blepharocera (13.23%), Hydropsychidae (10.76%) and ephemerella spp (8.28%). The relationship between IRI and FO is (r =0.556) is moderately correlated with coefficient of determination (r2=0.31). This study will help in the development of an artificial diet for the species for better growth performance in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S M H M Naqvi
- Southern Zone Agricultural Research Center - SARC, Outreach Research Activity Unit - ORAU, Karach, Pakistan
| | - H Ullah Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Statistics, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M Rafiq
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - B Ahmad
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - B Ahmad
- Islamia College University, Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - B Ahmad
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - A Noor
- Karakoram International University Gilgit-Baltistan, Biological Sciences Department, Biltstan, Pakistan
| | - S Akhtar
- Hazara University, Department of Zoology, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Shadman
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Khan N, Khan W, Naz A, Sultana A, Pasha A. Understanding Pakhtun Woman’s Vulnerability in Negotiation with their Husbands for HIV/AIDS Screening. cswhi 2021. [DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_12_1_08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Khan W, Khatoon N, Arshad S, Mohammed OB, Ullah S, Ullah I, Romman M, Parvez R, Mahmoud AH. Evaluation of vegetables grown in dry mountainous regions for soil transmitted helminths contamination. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238953. [PMID: 33729385 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection caused by geo-helminth parasites are called geohelminthiasis are one of the global health problems. Vegetables eaten raw is the principal source of transmission of geo-helminth parasites. Pakistani people believe that eating raw vegetables are a significant source to get important vitamins and minerals. Based on the high incidence of pathogenic parasites and cultivating different vegetable types in the study areas, we conducted this study to evaluate the geo-helminth contamination of raw vegetables in northwest Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This is a descriptive study comprised, 1942 samples of 25 various types of vegetables. The samples were examined in physiological saline solution using sedimentation and centrifugation methods. The findings were analyzed by Graph-Pad version 5. P value less than 0.05 (95% CI) was considered significant. Results showed that 16.5% (n=322) of all vegetables were contaminated with one or more type of geo-helminth parasites. Garlic was the highest (35%) and cauliflower the lowest (4%) contaminated samples respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common geo-helminth found followed by hook worm species while Trichuris trichura was the least in all the vegetable samples. Leafy vegetables were highly contaminated 25.3% than vegetables with root parts 21.2% and fruity 9.09%. More than half of the contaminated vegetables were contaminated with single species of geo-helminth (P<0.05) while less than half with multiple types of geo-helminth contamination. Ninety two vegetables samples were contaminated with 2 species of parasites (P<0.05) and 45 with 3 (P>0.05) species of geo-helminth parasites. Education level of vendors and means of display were not significantly associated while types of vegetable used were significantly associated with the prevalence of parasites. The findings of this study provide evidence that consumption of raw vegetable has a high risk of acquiring geo-helminth infections. The authors believe that preventing the human to enter to the vegetable farmland for defecation, avoiding the irrigation of agricultural fields via night soil, and educating the people on proper washing and cooking of vegetables may be useful in reducing parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - N Khatoon
- University of Karachi-Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Arshad
- University of Karachi-Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - O B Mohammed
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Ullah
- University of Swabi, Department of Zoology, Swabi, , Pakistan
| | - I Ullah
- Karakoram International University, Department of Biological Science, Ghizer Campus, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - M Romman
- University of Chitral, Department of Botany, Chitral, Pakistan
| | - R Parvez
- Government Girls Degree College Dargai, Department of Botany, Malakand, KP, Pakistan
| | - A H Mahmoud
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Khan W, Das SN, Mahmoud AH, Rafique N, Anwar K, Khan BT, Ullah I, Khan M, Gul S, Gul R, Mohammed OB. Evaluation of sulfadimidine, amprolium and triquen to treat coccidiosis in wild pigeons. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e238673. [PMID: 33729384 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.238673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis remains one of the major problems in poultry all over the world. Very limited data on anticoccidial drugs in wild pigeons is available. The current study was aimed to understand the comparative efficacy of sulfadimidine, amprolium and triquen in wild pigeons of Dir district, Pakistan suffering from coccidiosis. The faecal matter of wild pigeons were purchased from the local market for coccidian infection. Results revealed that 88.8% (16/18) were found infected with Eimeria spp. Three positive groups were treated with sulfadimidine (0.2mg/L), amprolium (25mg/L) and triquen. Sulfadimidine was most effective (45%) followed by amprolium (44.6%) while triquen (24.0%) showed less effectiveness against coccidiosis in pigeons. Number of oocysts were 79, 81 and 80 before treatment and 60, 44 and 44 after treatment with sulfadimidine, amprolium and triquen respectively. This study showed that sulphadimidine, amprolium and triquen could not significantly reduce the coccidiosis in pigeons. Further studies are required to clear the mechanism of anti-coccidial drugs in wild pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S N Das
- Sindh University Jamshoro, Department of Zoology, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - A H Mahmoud
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Rafique
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - K Anwar
- Veterinary Research and Diseases Investigation Center, Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Balogram Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - B T Khan
- University of Buner, Department of Zoology, Buner, Pakistan
| | - I Ullah
- University of Agriculture Peshawar, Department of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Khan
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S Gul
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - R Gul
- University of Malakand, Department of Zoology, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - O B Mohammed
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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