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Cui Y, Zhang NN, Wang D, Meng WH, Chen HS. Modified Citrus Pectin Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via TLR4/NF-ĸB Signaling Pathway in Microglia. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3369-3385. [PMID: 35706530 PMCID: PMC9191615 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s366927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 acts as a mediator of microglial inflammatory response following stroke injury. However, it remains unclear whether inhibiting galectin-3 protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of modified citrus pectin (MCP, a galectin-3 blocker) in ischemic stroke and underlying mechanisms. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in C57BL/6J mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (ODG/R) model in neuronal (HT-22) and microglial (BV-2) cells were utilized in the following experiments: 1) the neuroprotective effects of MCP with different concentrations were evaluated in vivo and in vitro through measuring neurological deficit scores, brain water content, infarction volume, cell viability, and cell apoptosis; 2) the mechanisms of its neuroprotection were explored in mice and microglial cells through detecting the expression of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor 3) inflammasome-related proteins by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting analyses. Results Among the tested concentrations, 800 mg/kg/d MCP in mice and 4 g/L MCP in cells, respectively, showed in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective effects on all the tests, compared with vehicle group. First, MCP significantly reduced neurological deficit scores, brain water content and infarction volume, and alleviated cell injury in the cerebral cortex of MCAO/R model. Second, MCP increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis in the neuronal OGD/R model. Third, MCP blocked galectin-3 and decreased the expression of TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4)/NF-κBp65 (nuclear factor kappa-B)/NLRP3/cleaved-caspase-1/IL-1β (interleukin-1β) in microglial cells. Conclusion This is the first report that MCP exerts neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke through blocking galectin-3, which may be mediated by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hong Meng
- Department of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Cui Y, Zhao Y, Chen SY, Sheng BY, Wang LH, Meng WH, Chen HS. Association of Serum Biomarkers With Post-Thrombolytic Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Stroke: A Comprehensive Protein Microarray Analysis From INTRECIS Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:751912. [PMID: 35173671 PMCID: PMC8841872 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.751912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after intravenous thrombolysis is closely related to the poor outcome of stroke. Aims To determine the serum biomarkers associated with sICH based on the INTRECIS study. Methods Enrolled patients with sICH and without any ICH were matched by propensity score matching with the ratio of 1:1. Preset 49 biomarkers were measured by protein microarray analysis. Gene Ontology and Pathway Enrichment Analysis and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) were analyzed in the identified biomarkers. Results Of the consecutive 358 patients, eight patients occurred with sICH, which was assigned as an sICH group, while eight matched patients without any ICH were assigned as a Non-sICH group. A total of nine biomarkers were found significantly different between groups, among which the levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 were higher, while the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-6, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE)-1, matrix metalloprotein (MMP)-2, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA were lower in the sICH group compared with those in the Non-sICH group. Conclusions Our finding indicated that baseline serum CRP, GDNF, IFN-γ, IGFBP-6, IL-4, LYVE-1, MMP-2, PAI-1, and PDGF-AA levels were associated with post-thrombolytic sICH in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Department of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Haicheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haicheng, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chinese People's Liberation Army 321 Hospital, Baicheng, China
| | - Bao-Ying Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Jiamusi University First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei-Hong Meng
- Department of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Hong Meng
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Shenyang, China
- Hui-Sheng Chen
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Wang N, Lu HY, Li X, Du YJ, Meng WH, Ding HW, Zhao QC. ZW290 Increases Cold Tolerance by Inducing Thermogenesis via the Upregulation of Uncoupling Protein 1 in Brown Adipose Tissue In Vitro and In Vivo. Lipids 2020; 54:265-276. [PMID: 31087415 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To provide molecular evidence on the thermogenic mechanism of primary brown adipocytes, western blot analysis was used to detect brown adipose tissue (BAT)-specific gene expressions. BAT protects the mammals from hypothermia injury with a large amount of mitochondria and high expression of uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), which is the vital protein to determine the heat production in BAT. In our previous study, the compound ZW290 (the structure shown in Fig. 1) was obtained by molecular docking with a UCP1 inducer. In the present study, ZW290 not only significantly upregulated the expression of UCP1 protein (p < 0.01) and its related signaling pathway in the primary brown adipocytes, but also remarkably decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (p < 0.01). Kunming (KM) mice were kept under acute cold exposure (-20°C) to evaluate the preventive and protective effects of ZW290 on cold injury, and revealed its regulating mechanism in vitro. The rectal and body temperatures of ZW290-treated mice were significantly higher than those of the control (or model) group both at room temperature and at -20°C (p < 0.001). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry indicated that ZW290 notably decreased the size of lipid droplets in BAT and increased the content of mitochondria and the expression of UCP1 in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT). Furthermore, the survival rate showed that ZW290 could prolong the overall survival of mice. Therefore, we obtained the conclusion that ZW290 might transform energy into heat by inhibiting ATP synthesis and increasing the expression of UCP1. Additionally, ZW290 may enhance cold tolerance by increasing heat production through increasing the content of mitochondria and the expression of UCP1 in BAT and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Lu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Ya-Jie Du
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei-Hong Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Huai-Wei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 83, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110840, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Wenhua Road No. 103, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
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Hu X, Song Q, Li X, Li D, Zhang Q, Meng W, Zhao Q. Neuroprotective effects of Kukoamine A on neurotoxin-induced Parkinson's model through apoptosis inhibition and autophagy enhancement. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:352-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jiang XW, Bai JP, Zhang Q, Hu XL, Tian X, Zhu J, Liu J, Meng WH, Zhao QC. Erratum to: Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivatives Protect SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Injury Through Modulating Oxidative Status. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:511-512. [PMID: 27314947 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jun-Peng Bai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Long Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei-Hong Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, China.
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Jiang XW, Bai JP, Zhang Q, Hu XL, Tian X, Zhu J, Liu J, Meng WH, Zhao QC. Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivatives Protect SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Injury Through Modulating Oxidative Status. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:499-509. [PMID: 27255971 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been confirmed as a contribution to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of many neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are considered to have anti-oxidative stress ability in a previous study, but the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of CQAs in neuroprotective effects are still unclear. In the present study, we primarily expound the SARs of CQAs in counteracting H2O2-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. We found that CQAs (1-10) represented the protection of SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced injury in varying degrees and malonyl groups could obviously increase the anti-oxidative stress ability of CQAs. Intensive studies of 4,5-O-dicaffeoyl-1-O-(malic acid methyl ester)-quinic acid (MDCQA) indicated that the mechanisms could potentially involve activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the regulation of the phosphorylation of MAPKs and AKT. In conclusion, MDCQA could serve as a neuroprotective agent with a potential to attenuate oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jun-Peng Bai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Long Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei-Hong Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, China.
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Tian X, An L, Gao LY, Bai JP, Wang J, Meng WH, Ren TS, Zhao QC. Compound MQA, a Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivative, Protects Against NMDA-Induced Neurotoxicity and Potential Mechanisms In Vitro. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 21:575-84. [PMID: 26096046 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Compound MQA (1,5-O-dicaffeoyl-3-O-[4-malic acid methyl ester]-quinic acid) is a natural derivative of caffeoylquinic acid isolated from Arctium lappa L. roots. However, we know little about the effects of MQA on the central nervous system. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of MQA against the neurotoxicity of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). METHODS AND RESULTS Pretreatment with MQA attenuated the loss of cell viability after SH-SY5Y cells treated with 1 mM NMDA for 30 min by MTT assay. Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V-PI double staining showed that MQA inhibited NMDA-induced apoptosis. In addition to preventing Ca(2+) influx, the potential mechanisms are associated with increases in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, attenuation of cytochrome c release, caspase-3, caspase-9 activities, and expressions. Also, MQA inhibited NMDA-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2. Furthermore, deactivation of CREB, AKT, and GSK-3β, upregulation of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs), and downregulation of GluN2A-containing NMDARs were significantly reversed by MQA treatment. Computational docking simulation indicates that MQA possesses a well affinity for NMDARs. CONCLUSION The protective effects of MQA against NMDA-induced cell injury may be mediated by blocking NMDARs. The potential mechanisms are related with mitochondrial apoptosis, ERK-CREB, AKT/GSK-3β, p38, and JNK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling-Yue Gao
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Peng Bai
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Hong Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian-Shu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China
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Hu XL, Niu YX, Zhang Q, Tian X, Gao LY, Guo LP, Meng WH, Zhao QC. Neuroprotective effects of Kukoamine B against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and potential mechanisms in SH-SY5Y cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 40:230-240. [PMID: 26164594 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress mediates the cell damage in several neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed at investigating the protective effects of Kukoamine B (KuB) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced cell injury and potential mechanisms in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results revealed that treatment with KuB prior to H2O2 exposure effectively increased the cell viability, and restored the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, KuB enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Moreover, KuB minimized the ROS formation and inhibited mitochondria-apoptotic pathway, MAPKs (p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK) pathways, but activated PI3K-AKT pathway. In conclusion, we believed that KuB may potentially serve as an agent for prevention of several human neurodegenerative and other disorders caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Niu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ling-Yue Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li-Ping Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei-Hong Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
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Zhang Q, Cui C, Chen CQ, Hu XL, Liu YH, Fan YH, Meng WH, Zhao QC. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of Alpinia oxyphylla on HepG2 cells through ROS-mediated signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 169:99-108. [PMID: 25891473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Alpiniae oxyphyllae (A. oxyphylla) is a traditional herb which is widely used in East Asian for the treatment of dyspepsia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, poor memory, inflammatory conditions and cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract (EE) and five extract layers including petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCLM), acetoacetate (EtOAc), n-Butanol (n-Bu) and water fractions (WF) of A. oxyphylla were tested on HepG2, SW480, MCF-7, K562 and HUVEC cell lines using MTT assay and LDH release assay. The component analysis was performed on HPLC with gradient elution. Hoechst 33342 staining, DCFH-DA fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry analysis, western blot and migration assays were carried out to determine the anti-cancer mechanisms of PE. RESULTS MTT analysis showed that EE, PE and DCLM could inhibit cell proliferation on HepG2, SW480, MCF-7, K562 and HUVEC cell lines, especially PE fraction. HPLC analysis pointed out five main components which may contribute to the anti-proliferative activity of PE. Further study showed that PE increased LDH release, induced apoptosis, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential and elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 cells, whereas the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) prevented PE-induced ROS generation. The results of western blot revealed that PE induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells by enhancing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, increasing cytochrome c in cytosol and activating caspase-3/9. Meanwhile, high levels of ROS could induce DNA damage-mediated protein expression, AKT, ERK inactivation and SAPKs activation. Furthermore, PE conspicuously blocked the migration of HUVEC cells. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrated that PE induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells may be via a ROS-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Cong-Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Long Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ya-Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yan-Hua Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei-Hong Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
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