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Huang HB, Gao ZM, Sun AQ, Liang WT, Li K. Subtotal gastrectomy combined with chemotherapy: An effective therapy for patients with circumscribed Borrmann type IV gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:1325-1335. [PMID: 33250964 PMCID: PMC7667453 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i11.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Borrmann type IV (B-4) gastric cancer has a higher mortality rate and presents distant metastasis easily, especially peritoneal metastasis, when diagnosed, some B-4 patients were found to have no distant metastasis by preoperative detection and underwent curative surgery, which was defined as circumscribed B-4 in our study. In this study, we focused on the circumscribed B-4 patients without distant metastasis during surgery to identify factors related to prognosis and postoperative peritoneal cavity metastasis (PPCM), which is important for selecting an appropriate therapeutic strategy.
AIM To identify factors related to the prognosis and PPCM of B-4 patients.
METHODS A total of 117 B-4 patients who underwent gastrectomy between January 2005 and December 2012 were included in this study. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox multivariate models. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to identify the factors related to PPCM. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0.
RESULTS Lymph node status, gastrectomy type, and postoperative chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors in 117 circumscribed B-4 patients. Subtotal gastrectomy combined with chemotherapy could significantly improve the long-term survival time. Six patients who were diagnosed with pN0 and received the combination therapy had a 3-year survival rate of 100% and a median survival of 77.7 mo. Even for patients with metastatic lymph nodes (n = 13), the combination therapy also increased the 3-year overall survival rate to 57.1%. In addition, positive lymph node status was the only factor (P = 0.005) correlated with PPCM in certain B-4 patients, and chemotherapy was useful for suppressing PPCM in patients with subtotal gastrectomy but not in those with total gastrectomy.
CONCLUSION Lymph node status is an independent prognostic factor for circumscribed B-4 patients. In addition, subtotal gastrectomy and postoperative chemotherapy could effectively improve prognosis and even suppress PPCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zi-Ming Gao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - An-Qi Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Tian Liang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Liang WT, Liu XF, Huang HB, Gao ZM, Li K. Prognostic significance of KIF23 expression in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:1104-1118. [PMID: 33133380 PMCID: PMC7579732 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i10.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesin super family 23 (KIF23) is a member of the KIF family, and it plays an important role in mitosis and cytokinesis. Loss of expression can cause mitotic arrest. The Oncomine database is one of the largest oncogene chip databases in the world, and is an integrated data mining platform for cancer gene information. By querying the database, differences in expression between tumor tissue and normal tissue can be determined.
AIM To study the expression and prognostic significance of KIF23 in gastric cancer (GC).
METHODS We used immunohistochemistry to compare the expression of KIF23 in GC and normal gastric tissues. We mined the data on the expression and prognosis of KIF23 in GC using Oncomine and Kaplan–Meier plotter database.
RESULTS Compared with normal gastric tissues, KIF23 expression was increased in GC tissues, and correlated with T, N, and tumor–node–metastasis stages. Survival analysis showed that patients with high expression of KIF23 had a poor overall survival. There were five studies in the Oncomine database in which expression of KIF23 was significantly higher in GC tissues than in normal gastric tissues (P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier plotter database analysis showed that recurrence-free survival, overall survival, distant metastasis free survival, and post progression survival of patients with high expression of KIF23 were lower than those of patients with low expression. Further stratified analysis found that prognostic survival indicators worsened in patients with T2 and T3 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with high expression of KIF23.
CONCLUSION KIF23 is highly expressed in GC and is associated with a poor prognosis of patients. It may be of great significance in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tian Liang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zi-Ming Gao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Chen CL, Kang S, Chen BL, Yang Y, Guo JX, Hao M, Wang WL, Ji M, Sun LX, Wang L, Liang WT, Wang SG, Li WL, Fan HJ, Liu P, Lang JH. [Long-term oncological outcomes of laparoscopic versus abdominal surgery in stage Ⅰa1 (LVSI +)-Ⅰb1 cervical cancer patients with different tumor size: a big database in China]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2020; 55:589-599. [PMID: 32957747 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20200515-00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the long-term oncological outcomes between laparoscopic and abdominal surgery in stage Ⅰa1 (lymph-vascular space invasion-positive, LVSI+)- Ⅰb1 cervical cancer patients with different tumor sizes. Methods: Based on the Big Database of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Cancer in China (1538 project database), patients with stage Ⅰa1 (LVSI+)-Ⅰb1 cervical cancer who treated by laparoscopic or abdominal surgery were included. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) between the two surgical approaches were compared under 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM) in different tumor diameter stratification. Results: (1) A total of 4 891 patients with stage Ⅰa1 (LVSI+)-Ⅰb1 cervical cancer who underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2016 were included in the 1538 project database. Among them, 1 926 cases in the laparoscopic group and 2 965 cases in the abdominal group. There were no difference in 5-year OS and 5-year DFS between the two groups before matching. Cox multivariate analysis suggested that laparoscopic surgery was associated with lower 5-year DFS (HR=1.367, 95%CI: 1.105-1.690, P=0.004). After 1∶1 PSM matching, 1 864 patients were included in each group, and there was no difference in 5-year OS between the two groups (94.1% vs 95.4%, P=0.151). While, the inferior 5-year DFS was observed in the laparoscopic group (89.0% vs 92.3%, P=0.004). And the laparoscopic surgery was associated with lower 5-year DFS (HR=1.420, 95%CI: 1.109-1.818, P=0.006). (2) In stratification analysis of different tumor sizes, and there were no difference in 5-year OS and 5-year DFS between the laparoscopic group and abdominal group in tumor size ≤1 cm, >1-2 cm and >2-3 cm stratification (all P>0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that laparoscopic surgery were not related to 5-year OS and 5-year DFS (P>0.05). In the stratification of tumor size >3-4 cm, there was no difference in 5-year OS between the two groups (P>0.05). The 5-year DFS in the laparoscopic group was worse than that in the abdominal group (75.7% vs 85.8%, P=0.025). Cox multivariate analysis suggested that laparoscopic surgery was associated with lower 5-year DFS (HR=1.705, 95%CI: 1.088-2.674, P=0.020). Conclusions: For patients with stage Ⅰa1 (LVSI+)-Ⅰb1 cervical cancer, laparoscopic surgery is associated with lower 5-year DFS, and the adverse effect of laparoscopic surgery on oncology prognosis is mainly reflected in patients with tumor size >3-4 cm. For patients with tumor sizes ≤1 cm, >1-2 cm and >2-3 cm, there are no difference in oncological prognosis between the two surgical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - S Kang
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - B L Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - J X Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - M Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - W L Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, China
| | - M Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - L X Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - W T Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - S G Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - W L Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - H J Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - P Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - J H Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Liu GM, Zhang LJ, Fu JZ, Liang WT, Cheng ZY, Bai P, Bian YS, Wan JS. [Regulation of Ruxolitinib on matrix metalloproteinase in JAK2V617F positive myeloroliferative neoplasms cells]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2018; 38:140-145. [PMID: 28279039 PMCID: PMC7354179 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the regulation of JAK2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib on extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP in JAK2V617F positive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) cells. Methods: ①Forty cases of newly diagnosed JAK2V617F positive MPN patients and 15 healthy volunteers as control in Baoding No.1 Hospital between January 2012 and December 2015 were enrolled in this study. JAK2V617F/JAK2 ratio was detected by real-time-PCR; the expression levels of phosphorylation protein tyrosine kinase 2 (p-JAK2) , MMP-2 and MMP-9 in pathological tissues of bone marrow were detected by immunohistochemistry. The bone marrow cells of JAK2V617F positive MPN patients were treated with ruxolitinib, then the migration ability and MMP-2, MMP-9 gene and protein expression levels were detected. ②The human erythroleukemia cell line HEL cells were treated with different concentrations of ruxolitinib (0, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1 000 nmol/L) . The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 test; cell migration ability was tested by transwell chambers. The mRNA expression levels of JAK2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by real-time-PCR. The protein expression levels of p-JAK2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by Western blot. Results: ①The expression levels of p-JAK2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the newly diagnosed group were significantly higher than control group respectively [ (78.56±24.55) % vs (41.59±17.29) %, P<0.05; (48.25±18.74) % vs (22.79±13.89) %, P<0.05; (53.29±19.28) % vs (15.56±14.96) %, P<0.05]. Spearman correlation analysis showed the positive correlation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression levels with JAK2V617F mutation (r=0.526, P=0.001; r=0.543, P=0.001) . ②The proliferation of HEL cells was inhibited by different concentrations of ruxolitinib in time and dose dependent manner. ③Cell migration test showed the number of cells leaked to the low chamber in MPN patients bone marrow cells and HEL cells treated with 5 nmol/L of ruxolitinib group were significantly lower than that without ruxolitinib treatment after 24 h [ (154.7±27.5) vs (320.3±67.3) , t=13.47, P<0.05; (70.7±10.5) vs (135.3±16.7) , t=13.89, P<0.05]. The mRNA and protein expression levels of JAK2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased with the increased concentration of ruxolitinib. Conclusion: Ruxolitinib inhibits MPN cell migration and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 via JAK2 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W T Liang
- Department of Hematology, Baoding No.1 Hospital, Baoding 071000, China
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Liang WT, Wu JM, Wang F, Hu ZW, Wang ZG. Stretta radiofrequency for gastroesophageal reflux disease-related respiratory symptoms: a prospective 5-year study. MINERVA CHIR 2014; 69:293-299. [PMID: 25267020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the Stretta radiofrequency (RF) treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) -related respiratory symptoms over a 5-years follow-up period. METHODS A total of 132 patients underwent the Stretta procedure between April 2007 and February 2009; 122 of the patients (92.4%) completed the 5-year follow-up. Symptom scores and PPI usage were evaluated at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after treatment. RESULTS A total of 122 patients (age, 51.7 ± 13.0 years, M:F, 52: 70) were followed up for 5 years and their outcomes were analyzed. At 5 years after treatment, the symptom scores were significantly reduced (heartburn score, from 5.67 ± 1.52 to 2.41 ± 1.13; regurgitation score, from 5.43 ± 1.66 to 2.27 ± 1.33; chest pain score, from 4.45 ± 1.47 to 2.40 ± 0.88; cough score, from 6.62 ± 1.73 to 3.14 ± 1.43; and asthma score, from 6.83 ± 1.46 to 3.26 ± 1.53, P<0.001). Moreover, 56.6% of the patients were completely off PPIs. CONCLUSION Stretta RF significantly improves the symptoms and reduces PPI usage at 5 years. Therefore, it is a viable, effective, and minimally invasive endoluminal procedure for patients with GERD-related respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Liang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University Xicheng District, Beijing, PR China -
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Liang WT, Wu JN, Wang F, Hu ZW, Wang ZG, Ji T, Zhan XL, Zhang C. Five-year follow-up of a prospective study comparing laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with Stretta radiofrequency for gastroesophageal reflux disease. MINERVA CHIR 2014; 69:217-223. [PMID: 24987969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) and Stretta radiofrequency (RF) are used as main alternative strategies to manage medication-refractory GERD. This study was therefore prospectively evaluated outcomes of patients with refractory GERD 5 years after LNF or Stretta RF. METHODS A total of 215 consecutive patients with refractory GERD underwent LNF (N.=102) and Stretta RF (N.=113) in our department between 2007 and 2008. They were followed-up for 5 years, during which the outcome measures including symptom scores of regurgitation, heartburn, chest pain, belching, hiccup, cough and asthma as well as the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and complications. RESULTS Of the 215 patients, 179 patients following LNF (N.=87) or Stretta RF (N.=92) completed the designated 5-year follow-up and were included in the final analysis. At the end of 5-year follow-up, the post-treatment scores were statistically lower as compared with the pre-treatment scores in both groups, while the symptom improvements after Stretta were significantly lower than that after LNF (p < 0.05). Besides, 81 (91%) patients achieved complete PPI therapy independence after LNF, comparing with 47 (51.1%) after Stretta RF (P<0.05). No significant differences in post-treatment complications were observed except for the abdominal distention. CONCLUSION Even though laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and Stretta RF are capable of controlling GERD symptoms effectively and safely in selected patients, LNF could improve more in symptoms and PPI elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China -
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Liang WT, Wu JM, Hu ZW, Wang ZG, Zhu GC, Zhang C. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is more effective in treating patients with GERD-related chronic cough than Stretta radiofrequency. MINERVA CHIR 2014; 69:121-7. [PMID: 24970301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Chronic cough is the most common extra-esophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aimed to retrospectively analyze outcomes in patients with GERD-related cough following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) and Stretta radiofrequency (RF) respectively. METHODS Medical charts of 83 patients with GERD-related cough that underwent LNF or Stretta RF between 2007 and 2012 were retrieved. Symptom scores (heartburn, regurgitation and cough) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) usages were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 83 patients with GERD-related cough underwent LNF (N.=35) and Stretta RF (N.=48), and were followed up 36.78 ± 16.12 months (range 13-55 months). During the follow-up, the post-treatment scores were statistically lower as compared with the pre-treatment scores in both groups, while the cough improvement after Stretta was significantly lower than that after LNF (P<0.001). Besides, 27 (77.1%) patients achieved complete PPI therapy independence after LNF, comparing with 27 (65.1%) after Stretta (P<0.05). No significant differences in post-treatment complications were observed except for the abdominal distention. CONCLUSION Even though laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and Stretta are capable of controlling GERD-related cough effectively and safely in selected patients, laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication could improve more in symptoms and PPI elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Liang
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China -
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Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug pirprofen were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats after oral and intravenous (iv) doses of the racemate. No significant differences were detected between the enantiomers after oral or iv dosing in t1/2, Vd, or sigma Xu. However, the R:S area under the plasma concentration (AUC) ratio after oral doses (0.92 +/- 0.13) was slightly but significantly lower than after matching iv doses (1.05 +/- 0.036). The absolute bioavailability of the active S-enantiomer (78.5%) after oral doses was higher than the inactive R-enantiomer (69.3%). The plasma protein binding of both enantiomers was saturable over a fivefold range of plasma concentrations. At higher plasma concentrations, the S-enantiomer was less bound than the R-enantiomer. In an in vitro experiment using everted rat jejunum, no chiral inversion was discernible. The dependency of the AUC ratio of the enantiomers on the route of administration may be due to stereoselective first-pass metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Brocks
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Liang WT, Brocks DR, Jamali F. Stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of pirprofen enantiomers in rat plasma and urine. J Chromatogr 1992; 577:317-24. [PMID: 1400762 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80253-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the assay of pirprofen enantiomers in rat plasma and urine. Following addition of internal standard (ketoprofen) and acidifier (L-ascorbic acid) to biological fluids, pirprofen was extracted into an isopropanol-isooctane (5:95) mixture. Diastereomers of pirprofen enantiomers, which were formed using L-leucinamide, were separated on a reversed-phase column with ultraviolet detection at 275 nm using 0.06 M KH2PO4-acetonitrile-triethylamine (64:36:0.1) as mobile phase. The limit of quantitation was 0.1 microgram/ml for each enantiomer, based on 100 microliters of rat plasma. No spontaneous oxidation of pirprofen to its pyrrole metabolite occurred during sample preparation and analysis. In three female rats which were dosed with 10 mg/kg racemic pirprofen orally, plasma concentrations of the enantiomers could be followed for 24 h. Pirprofen enantiomers in plasma were virtually unconjugated, and negligible concentrations of pyrrole metabolites were observed. Less than 10% of the total dose was recovered in urine as intact drug and its glucuroconjugates. The assay was found suitable for the study of the pharmacokinetics of pirprofen enantiomers in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Chiu SY, Liang WT, Wu YC, Feng YF. Clinico-pathological findings of rabbits accidentally infected by coccidia and mites. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Xue Za Zhi 1972; 5:126-8. [PMID: 4679466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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