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Xiong K, Bu W, Ni Y, Liu X, Zheng J, Aono T, Yang C, Hu S. Rapid monitoring of 241Am in small amount of sediment samples by combining extraction chromatography for highly efficient separation of interfering and matrix elements and ICP-MS/MS measurement. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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2
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Ni Y, Bu W, Xiong K, Hu S, Yang C, Cao L. A novel strategy for Pu determination in water samples by automated separation in combination with direct ICP-MS/MS measurement. Talanta 2023; 262:124710. [PMID: 37244244 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Methods for Pu determination in water samples has been longtime studied but they generally involved tedious manual operations. In this context, we proposed a novel strategy for accurate determination of ultra-trace Pu in water samples by the combination of fully automated separation with direct ICP-MS/MS measurement. A recently commercialized extraction resin TK200 was used for single-column separation due to its distinctive nature. Acidified waters up to 1 L were directly loaded to the resin at high flow rate (15 mL min-1) with omitting the frequently used co-precipitation process. Small volumes of dilute HNO3 were used for column washing, and Pu was efficiently eluted within only 2 mL 0.5 mol L-1 HCl-0.1 mol L-1 HF with a stable recovery (65%). This separation procedure was fully automated under the control of user program, meanwhile the final eluent was compatible for direct ICP-MS/MS measurement without extra sample treatment. In that way, both the labor intensity and reagent consumption were minimized compared with existing methods. With the high decontamination (104 to 105) of U in the chemical separation and the further elimination of uranium hydrides under oxygen reaction model during ICP-MS/MS measurement, the overall interference yields of UH+/U+ and UH2+/U+ were down to 10-15. The limits of detection (LODs) of this method reached 0.32 μBq L-1 for 239Pu and 2.00 μBq L-1 for 240Pu, which were much lower than those stipulated in the general guidelines for drinking water standards, suggesting this method was promising in routine or emergency radiation monitoring. Furthermore, the established method was successfully applied in a pilot study to determine global fallout derived Pu in surface glacier samples with extremely low concentrations of 239+240Pu, which suggested the method would also be feasible in glacial chronology studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Ni
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, China.
| | - Wenting Bu
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, China
| | - Chuting Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, China
| | - Liguo Cao
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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Yan H, Liu Y, Zhang F, Ma K, Tang L, Liu X, Gu M, Han J, Wu F, Bu W, Yang C, Li L, Hu S. Combined separation-assay method for uranium in environmental water using a polyethylene-supported phosphonate coordination polymer membrane. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li M, Tian S, Meng F, Yin M, Yue Q, Wang S, Bu W, Luo L. Continuously Multiplexed Ultrastrong Raman Probes by Precise Isotopic Polymer Backbone Doping for Multidimensional Information Storage and Encryption. Nano Lett 2022; 22:4544-4551. [PMID: 35604007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Raman-based super multiplexing has attracted great interest in imaging, biological analysis, identity security, and information storage. It still remains a great challenge to synthesize a large number of different Raman-active molecules to fulfill the Raman color palette. Here, we report a facile and systematic strategy to construct continuously multiplexed ultrastrong Raman probes. By precisely incorporating different ratios of 13C isotope into the backbone of poly(deca-4,6-diynedioic acid) (PDDA), we can obtain a library of PDDAs with tunable double-bond Raman frequencies and adjustable intensity ratios of two triple-bond (13C≡13C and 12C≡12C) Raman peaks, while retaining the ultrastrong Raman signals and physicochemical properties of the polymer. We also demonstrate the successful application of 13C-doped PDDAs as security inks to generate a novel 3D matrix barcode system for information encryption and high-density data storage. The isotopically doped PDDA series herein pave a new way to advance Raman-based super multiplexing for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Sidan Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fanling Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Minister of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yue
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shun Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Bu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Minister of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Ni Y, Bu W, Xiong K, Ding X, Wang H, Liu X, Long K, Hu S. Trace impurity analysis in uranium materials by rapid separation and ICP-MS/MS measurement with matrix matched external calibration. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions play crucial roles in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. Kindlins are important positive regulators of integrin activation. The FERM-domain-containing kindlin family comprises three members, kindlin-1, kindlin-2 and kindlin-3 (also known as FERMT1, FERMT2 and FERMT3), which share high sequence similarity (identity >50%), as well as domain organization, but exhibit diverse tissue-specific expression patterns and cellular functions. Given the significance of kindlins, analysis of their atomic structures has been an attractive field for decades. Recently, the structures of kindlin and its β-integrin-bound form have been obtained, which greatly advance our understanding of the molecular functions that involve kindlins. In particular, emerging evidence indicates that oligomerization of kindlins might affect their integrin binding and focal adhesion localization, positively or negatively. In this Review, we presented an update on the recent progress of obtaining kindlin structures, and discuss the implication for integrin activation based on kindlin oligomerization, as well as the possible regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551.,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China518055
| | - Zarina Levitskaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551
| | - Suet-Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore637551.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore639798
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Ni Y, Guo Q, Huang Z, Zheng J, Li S, Huang W, Bu W. First study of 237Np in Chinese soils: Source, distribution and mobility in comparison with plutonium isotopes. Chemosphere 2020; 253:126683. [PMID: 32278920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the distribution and migration of 237Np and 239+240Pu in soils in the vicinity (<5 km) of Qinshan and Tianwan Nuclear Power Plants in China were studied, which is the first specific study of global fallout 237Np in Chinese soils. The 237Np and 239+240Pu concentrations in surface soils showed large spatial inhomogeneity. A remarkable 239+240Pu concentration (4.783 mBq/g) was observed in a surface soil near Qinshan NPP and stands for the ever reported highest value in the Chinese soils. The inventories of 239+240Pu in two Qinshan and Tianwan soil cores were estimated to be 128.8 Bq/m2 and 121.0 Bq/m2, respectively; while the 237Np inventories were 0.039 Bq/m2 and 0.035 Bq/m2 at these sites, respectively. The 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios in these soils indicated that the global fallout is the main source of Pu in these regions. However, the non-isotopic 237Np/239Pu atomic ratio in environmental soil is not a sensitive indicator for source identification. Furthermore, we conducted pilot study on the migration behaviors of 237Np and 239+240Pu in soil core at Qinshan site with the Convection-Dispersion Equation (CDE) model. The obtained apparent dispersion coefficients of 237Np (2.82 ± 2.06 cm2/y) was 5 times higher than that of 239+240Pu (0.57 ± 0.16 cm2/y), proving that 237Np has stronger migration ability than Pu isotopes in the Qinshan soil. Finally, we predicted that with the increase of migration time, both 237Np and 239+240Pu concentration in the soil will gradually become more evenly distributed among different soil layers due to the dominant dispersion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Ni
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Qiuju Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Zhaoya Huang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Sixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenna Huang
- Radiation Monitoring Technical Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wenting Bu
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
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Bu W, Levitskaya Z, Loh ZY, Jin S, Basu S, Ero R, Yan X, Wang M, Ngan SFC, Sze SK, Tan SM, Gao YG. Structural basis of human full-length kindlin-3 homotrimer in an auto-inhibited state. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000755. [PMID: 32644996 PMCID: PMC7373317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kindlin-1, -2, and -3 directly bind integrin β cytoplasmic tails to regulate integrin activation and signaling. Despite their functional significance and links to several diseases, structural information on full-length kindlin proteins remains unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of human full-length kindlin-3, which reveals a novel homotrimer state. Unlike kindlin-3 monomer, which is the major population in insect and mammalian cell expression systems, kindlin-3 trimer does not bind integrin β cytoplasmic tail as the integrin-binding pocket in the F3 subdomain of 1 protomer is occluded by the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of another protomer, suggesting that kindlin-3 is auto-inhibited upon trimer formation. This is also supported by functional assays in which kindlin-3 knockout K562 erythroleukemia cells reconstituted with the mutant kindlin-3 containing trimer-disrupting mutations exhibited an increase in integrin-mediated adhesion and spreading on fibronectin compared with those reconstituted with wild-type kindlin-3. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of kindlin auto-inhibition that involves its homotrimer formation. The crystal structure of a human full-length kindlin protein (kindlin-3) reveals a homotrimeric complex; together with in vitro and in vivo data, this suggests an auto-inhibition model for kindlins in integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zarina Levitskaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Yang Loh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengyang Jin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shibom Basu
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rya Ero
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinfu Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meitian Wang
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - So Fong Cam Ngan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suet-Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (YGG); (SMT)
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (YGG); (SMT)
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Zhao R, Bu W, Chen Y, Chen X. The Dose-Response Associations of Sedentary Time with Chronic Diseases and the Risk for All-Cause Mortality Affected by Different Health Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:63-70. [PMID: 31886810 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the dose-response associations of sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality, and to examine whether the sedentary-associated all-cause mortality risk was affected by appearance of diabetes and hypertension, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to search Medline, SportDiscus, and Web of Science for eligible studies. SETTINGS Prospective cohort studies that reported sedentary time and CVD, cancer, and mortality incidents. MEASUREMENTS Two authors independently extracted data based on predefined criteria. The effect estimates were evaluated by hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidences (CIs). RESULTS Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Sitting time showed dose-response associations with CVD, cancer, and all-cause mortality, with each 1-hour increment of sitting time daily accounting for HRs 1.04 (95% CIs 1.02-1.07), 1.01 (1.00-1.02), and 1.03 (1.02-1.03), respectively. The link between sitting time and CVD and all-cause mortality was non-linear (pnon-linear < 0.0001). The relationship between TV viewing and CVD and all-cause mortality was dose-dependent, with HRs 1.07 (1.06-1.09) and 1.04 (1.01-1.06) for per 1-hour increment of TV time every day, respectively. The regression was curved (pnon-linear < 0.0001). When the analysis was stratified by the percentage of diabetes and hypertension, BMI values, and physical activity levels, we found that higher BMI and a greater percentage of diabetes and hypertension further increased all-cause mortality risk in the most sedentary populations, whereas higher physical activity levels decreased it. CONCLUSION Sitting time and TV viewing significantly increased cardiovascular, cancer, and mortality risk; the associations were dose-dependent. More importantly, sedentary behaviour in combination with chronic diseases or high BMI increased all-cause mortality risk whereas physical activity was likely to alleviate the adverse associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zhao
- Renqing Zhao, Yangzhou University, College of Physical Education, 88 Daxue South Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. Tel: 8651487972015.
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Hodgman SS, Bu W, Mann SB, Khakimov RI, Truscott AG. Higher-Order Quantum Ghost Imaging with Ultracold Atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:233601. [PMID: 31298918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ghost imaging is a quantum optics technique that uses correlations between two beams to reconstruct an image from photons that do not interact with the object being imaged. While pairwise (second-order) correlations are usually used to create the ghost image, higher-order correlations can be utilized to improve the performance. In this Letter, we demonstrate higher-order atomic ghost imaging, using entangled ultracold metastable helium atoms from an s-wave collision halo. We construct higher-order ghost images up to fifth order and show that using higher-order correlations can improve the visibility of the images without impacting the resolution. This is the first demonstration of higher-order ghost imaging with massive particles and the first higher-order ghost imaging protocol of any type using a quantum source.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Hodgman
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - W Bu
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - S B Mann
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - R I Khakimov
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - A G Truscott
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
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Bu W, Li Y. Abstract P5-07-04: Transition from a pre-malignant lesion to cancer does not require stemness of the cancer-originating cells in the lesion. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-07-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The precancerous lesion is the final step before malignancy, and is thus a key step to cancer prevention. Precancerous lesions are heterogeneous harboring distinct subsets of cells from stem cells to differentiated cells. Whether the stem cells or other subsets in these precancerous lesions are responsible for the eventual cancer remains unanswered. Here, we report that in the precancerous lesions of the MMTV-Wnt1 model of basal-like breast cancer, there exist the stem cell-enriched keratin 6a+ subset and more differentiated WAP+ cell subset. We demonstrate that both mutated Ras and B-Raf can robustly transform both cell subsets into cancer. These data suggest that multiple cell subsets in precancerous early lesions can evolve into cancer. This finding indicates that cancer prevention should target both self-renewing cells and other cell subsets in developing precancerous lesions in high-risk individuals.
Citation Format: Bu W, Li Y. Transition from a pre-malignant lesion to cancer does not require stemness of the cancer-originating cells in the lesion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Y Li
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Johnston A, Garcia S, Hein S, Bu W, Yi L. Abstract P2-07-08: Neuroleptics in breast cancer risk. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p2-07-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was not presented at the symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Garcia
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - S Hein
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - W Bu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - L Yi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Bu W, Guo Q, Zheng J, Uchida S. Plutonium concentration and 240Pu/239Pu isotopic ratio in the surface soils from the Jiuquan region in northwestern China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-5002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cao L, Bu W, Zheng J, Pan S, Wang Z, Uchida S. Plutonium determination in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A review. Talanta 2016; 151:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zheng ZY, Bu W, Tian L, Fan C, Gao X, Zhang X, Yu C, Wang H, Liao YH, Li Y, Lewis MT, Edwards D, Zwaka TP, Hilsenbeck SG, Medina D, Perou CM, Creighton CJ, Zhang XH, Chang EC. Abstract P2-06-11: Wild type N-Ras, overexpressed in basal-like breast cancer, promotes tumor formation by inducing IL8 secretion via JAK2 activation. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p2-06-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
"Basal-like" breast cancer (BLBC) is a very aggressive subtype of breast cancer. BLBC has very poor prognosis — median time to distant recurrence is just 2.6 years vs. 5 years overall, and survival time from diagnosis of distant metastatic disease is 9 months vs. 22 months. BLBC tumors usually do not express ER, Her2, or progesterone receptor. As such, they cannot be treated by the current targeted therapies, which target these molecules. What drive the formation and progression of BLBCs is largely unclear.
Ras GTPases are best known for mediating growth factor signaling. Oncogenic mutations in the RAS genes, K-RAS in particular, are found in more than 30% of human tumors. Surprisingly, oncogenic RAS mutations are rare in breast cancer. However, we found that wild-type N-RAS is overexpressed in BLBCs, possibly partly via promoter demethylation, but not in other breast cancer subtypes. Repressing N-RAS inhibits transformation and tumor growth, while overexpressing it enhances these processes even in preinvasive BLBC cells. In contrast, in breast cancer cells of other subtypes, repressing N-RAS expression does not affect growth and transforming activities. We identified N-Ras-responsive genes, most of which encode chemokines and cytokines, e.g., IL8. High expression levels of these N-Ras-responsive genes as well as of N-RAS itself in tumors correlate with poor patient outcome. N-Ras, but not K-Ras, induces IL8 by binding and activating the cytoplasmic pool of JAK2; IL8 then acts on both the cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts.
In conclusion, N-Ras drives BLBC by promoting transformation in epithelial cells, which may in turn remodel the tumor microenvironment to create a proinvasive state. Although oncogenic mutations affecting RAS are common in many other human cancers, tumorigenesis in an important subset of breast cancers is driven instead by increasing activity of wild-type N-Ras. Thus, to fully assess the impact of Ras on tumorigenesis, the role of wild-type as well as mutant Ras proteins must be carefully examined.
Citation Format: Zheng Z-Y, Bu W, Tian L, Fan C, Gao X, Zhang X, Yu C, Wang H, Liao Y-H, Li Y, Lewis MT, Edwards D, Zwaka TP, Hilsenbeck SG, Medina D, Perou CM, Creighton CJ, Zhang XH, Chang EC. Wild type N-Ras, overexpressed in basal-like breast cancer, promotes tumor formation by inducing IL8 secretion via JAK2 activation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-06-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Y Zheng
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - W Bu
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - L Tian
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - C Fan
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - X Gao
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - X Zhang
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - C Yu
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - H Wang
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Y-H Liao
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Y Li
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - MT Lewis
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - D Edwards
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - TP Zwaka
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - SG Hilsenbeck
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - D Medina
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - CM Perou
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - CJ Creighton
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - XH Zhang
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - EC Chang
- Baylor College of Medicine; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; National Taiwan University Hospital
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16
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Zhu J, Deng S, Lu P, Bu W, Li T, Yu L, Xie Z. The Ccl1-Kin28 kinase complex regulates autophagy under nitrogen starvation. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:135-44. [PMID: 26567215 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.177071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Starvation triggers global alterations in the synthesis and turnover of proteins. Under such conditions, the recycling of essential nutrients by using autophagy is indispensable for survival. By screening known kinases in the yeast genome, we newly identified a regulator of autophagy, the Ccl1-Kin28 kinase complex (the equivalent of the mammalian cyclin-H-Cdk7 complex), which is known to play key roles in RNA-polymerase-II-mediated transcription. We show that inactivation of Ccl1 caused complete block of autophagy. Interestingly, Ccl1 itself was subject to proteasomal degradation, limiting the level of autophagy during prolonged starvation. We present further evidence that the Ccl1-Kin28 complex regulates the expression of Atg29 and Atg31, which is crucial in the assembly of the Atg1 kinase complex. The identification of this previously unknown regulatory pathway sheds new light on the complex signaling network that governs autophagy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangsheng Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Puzhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Bu
- Division of Structure Biology & Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Tian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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17
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Bu W, Ni Y, Guo Q, Zheng J, Uchida S. Pu isotopes in soils collected downwind from Lop Nor: regional fallout vs. global fallout. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12262. [PMID: 26184740 PMCID: PMC4505309 DOI: 10.1038/srep12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, soil core samples from the Jiuquan region have been analyzed for Pu isotopes for radioactive source identification and radiological assessment. The Jiuquan region is in downwind from the Lop Nor Chinese nuclear test (CNT) site. The high Pu inventories (13 to 546 Bq/m2) in most of the sampling locations revealed that this region was heterogeneously contaminated by the regional fallout Pu from the CNTs. The contributions of the CNTs to the total Pu in soils were estimated to be more than 40% in most cases. The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in the soils ranged from 0.059 to 0.186 with an inventory-weighted average of 0.158, slightly lower than that of global fallout. This atom ratio could be considered as a mixed fingerprint of Pu from the CNTs. In addition, Pu in soils of Jiuquan region had a faster downward migration rate compared with other investigated places in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bu
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Youyi Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiuju Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeo Uchida
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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18
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Hein SM, Haricharan S, Johnston AN, Toneff MJ, Reddy JP, Dong J, Bu W, Li Y. Luminal epithelial cells within the mammary gland can produce basal cells upon oncogenic stress. Oncogene 2015; 35:1461-7. [PMID: 26096929 PMCID: PMC4688047 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the normal mammary gland, the basal epithelium is known to be bipotent and can generate either basal or luminal cells, whereas the luminal epithelium has not been demonstrated to contribute to the basal compartment in an intact and normally developed mammary gland. It is not clear whether cellular heterogeneity within a breast tumor results from transformation of bipotent basal cells or from transformation and subsequent basal conversion of the more differentiated luminal cells. Here we used a retroviral vector to express an oncogene specifically in a small number of the mammary luminal epithelial cells and tested their potential to produce basal cells during tumorigenesis. This in-vivo lineage-tracing work demonstrates that luminal cells are capable of producing basal cells on activation of either polyoma middle T antigen or ErbB2 signaling. These findings reveal the plasticity of the luminal compartment during tumorigenesis and provide an explanation for cellular heterogeneity within a cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Haricharan
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A N Johnston
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M J Toneff
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J P Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Bu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Xiao Q, Bu W, Ren Y, Qiu J, Xiangpeng Z. PO-1079 Single W18O49 nanowire: a multifunctional nanoplatform for image-guided dose-enhancement radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Bu W, Zheng J, Guo Q, Uchida S. Vertical distribution and migration of global fallout Pu in forest soils in southwestern China. J Environ Radioact 2014; 136:174-180. [PMID: 24963802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil samples collected in southwestern China were analyzed for Pu isotopes. The (240)Pu/(239)Pu atom ratios were around 0.18, which indicated the dominant source of global fallout. Consistent sub-surface maximums followed by exponential decline of (239+240)Pu activities in the soil cores were observed. Most of the Pu has still remained in the 0-10 cm layers since its deposition. Convection velocities and dispersion coefficients for Pu migration in the soils were estimated by the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) model. The effective convection velocities and effective dispersion coefficients ranged from 0.05 to 0.11 cm/y and from 0.06 to 0.29 cm(2)/y, respectively. Other factors that control the vertical migration of Pu in soil besides precipitation, soil particle size distribution and organic matter were suggested. Long-term migration behaviors of Pu in the soils were simulated. The results provide the Pu background baseline for further environmental monitoring and source identification of non-global fallout Pu inputs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Research Center of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Jian Zheng
- Research Center of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Qiuju Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shigeo Uchida
- Research Center of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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21
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Bu W, Zheng J, Guo Q, Aono T, Otosaka S, Tagami K, Uchida S. Temporal distribution of plutonium isotopes in marine sediments off Fukushima after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Bu W, Fukuda M, Zheng J, Aono T, Ishimaru T, Kanda J, Yang G, Tagami K, Uchida S, Guo Q, Yamada M. Release of Pu isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident to the marine environment was negligible. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:9070-9078. [PMID: 25050458 DOI: 10.1021/es502480y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of Pu isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has been observed in the terrestrial environment around the FDNPP site; however, their deposition in the marine environment has not been studied. The possible contamination of Pu in the marine environment has attracted great scientific and public concern. To fully understand this possible contamination of Pu isotopes from the FDNPP accident to the marine environment, we collected marine sediment core samples within the 30 km zone around the FDNPP site in the western North Pacific about two years after the accident. Pu isotopes ((239)Pu, (240)Pu, and (241)Pu) and radiocesium isotopes ((134)Cs and (137)Cs) in the samples were determined. The high activities of radiocesium and the (134)Cs/(137)Cs activity ratios with values around 1 (decay corrected to 15 March 2011) suggested that these samples were contaminated by the FDNPP accident-released radionuclides. However, the activities of (239+240)Pu and (241)Pu were low compared with the background level before the FDNPP accident. The Pu atom ratios ((240)Pu/(239)Pu and (241)Pu/(239)Pu) suggested that global fallout and the pacific proving ground (PPG) close-in fallout are the main sources for Pu contamination in the marine sediments. As Pu isotopes are particle-reactive and they can be easily incorporated with the marine sediments, we concluded that the release of Pu isotopes from the FDNPP accident to the marine environment was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bu
- Research Center of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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23
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Chen F, Bu W, Cai W, Shi J. Functionalized upconversion nanoparticles: versatile nanoplatforms for translational research. Curr Mol Med 2014; 13:1613-32. [PMID: 24206131 DOI: 10.2174/1566524013666131111122133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The design, application, and translation of targeted multimodality molecular imaging probes based on nanotechnology have attracted increasing attentions during the last decade and will continue to play vital roles in cancer diagnosis and personalized medicine. With the growing awareness of drawbacks of traditional organic dyes and quantum dots, biocompatible lanthanide ion doped upconversion nanoparticles have emerged as promising candidates for clinically translatable imaging probes, owing to their unique features that are suitable for future targeted multimodal imaging in living subjects. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the field of functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (f-UCNP) for biological imaging and therapy in vivo, and discussed the future research directions, obstacles ahead, and the potential use of f-UCNP in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Zheng J, Bu W, Tagami K, Shikamori Y, Nakano K, Uchida S, Ishii N. Determination of 135Cs and 135Cs/137Cs Atomic Ratio in Environmental Samples by Combining Ammonium Molybdophosphate (AMP)-Selective Cs Adsorption and Ion-Exchange Chromatographic Separation to Triple-Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7103-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501712m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, 491 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Wenting Bu
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, 491 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- State
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keiko Tagami
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, 491 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shikamori
- Application
Center, Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd., Takakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8510, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nakano
- Application
Center, Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd., Takakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeo Uchida
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, 491 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Ishii
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, 491 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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25
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Zheng J, Tagami K, Bu W, Uchida S, Watanabe Y, Kubota Y, Fuma S, Ihara S. (135)Cs/(137)Cs isotopic ratio as a new tracer of radiocesium released from the Fukushima nuclear accident. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:5433-5438. [PMID: 24779957 DOI: 10.1021/es500403h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident in 2011, intensive studies of the distribution of released fission products, in particular (134)Cs and (137)Cs, in the environment have been conducted. However, the release sources, that is, the damaged reactors or the spent fuel pools, have not been identified, which resulted in great variation in the estimated amounts of (137)Cs released. Here, we investigated heavily contaminated environmental samples (litter, lichen, and soil) collected from Fukushima forests for the long-lived (135)Cs (half-life of 2 × 10(6) years), which is usually difficult to measure using decay-counting techniques. Using a newly developed triple-quadrupole inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry method, we analyzed the (135)Cs/(137)Cs isotopic ratio of the FDNPP-released radiocesium in environmental samples. We demonstrated that radiocesium was mainly released from the Unit 2 reactor. Considering the fact that the widely used tracer for the released Fukushima accident-sourced radiocesium in the environment, the (134)Cs/(137)Cs activity ratio, will become unavailable in the near future because of the short half-life of (134)Cs (2.06 years), the (135)Cs/(137)Cs isotopic ratio can be considered as a new tracer for source identification and long-term estimation of the mobility of released radiocesium in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , 491 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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26
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Liao H, Bu W, Zheng J, Wu F, Yamada M. Vertical distributions of radionuclides ((239+240)Pu, (240)Pu/(239)Pu, and (137)Cs) in sediment cores of Lake Bosten in Northwestern China. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:3840-3846. [PMID: 24580087 DOI: 10.1021/es405364m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Artificial radionuclides ((137)Cs, (239+240)Pu, (241)Pu, (241)Am) deposited in lacustrine sediments have been used for dating as well as radionuclide source identification. In the present work, we investigated the vertical distributions of (239+240)Pu and (137)Cs activities, (240)Pu/(239)Pu atom ratios, and (239+240)Pu/(137)Cs activity ratios in sediment cores collected from Lake Bosten, which is the lake closest to the Lop Nor Chinese Nuclear Weapon Test site in northwestern China. Uniformly high concentrations of (239+240)Pu and (137)Cs were found in the upper layers deposited since 1964 in the sediment cores, and these were controlled by the resuspension of soil containing radionuclides from the nearby land surface. As the Chinese nuclear tests varied remarkably in yield, the mixing of the tropospheric deposition from these tests and the stratospheric deposition of global fallout has led to a (240)Pu/(239)Pu atom ratio that is similar to that of global fallout and to a (239+240)Pu/(137)Cs activity ratio that is slightly higher than that of global fallout. However, a low (240)Pu/(239)Pu atom ratio of 0.080 and high (239+240)Pu/(137)Cs activity ratio of 0.087, significantly different from the global fallout values, were observed in one sediment core (07BS10-2), indicating the inhomogenous tropospheric deposition from the Chinese nuclear tests in Lake Bosten during 1967-1973. These results are important to understand the influence of the CNTs on the radionuclide contamination in Lake Bosten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012, China
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27
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Bu W, Zheng J, Guo Q, Aono T, Tazoe H, Tagami K, Uchida S, Yamada M. A method of measurement of (239)Pu, (240)Pu, (241)Pu in high U content marine sediments by sector field ICP-MS and its application to Fukushima sediment samples. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 48:534-541. [PMID: 24328266 DOI: 10.1021/es403500e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An accurate and precise analytical method is highly needed for the determination of Pu isotopes in marine sediments for the long-term marine environment monitoring that is being done since the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The elimination of uranium from the sediment samples needs to be carefully checked. We established an analytical method based on anion-exchange chromatography and SF-ICP-MS in this work. A uranium decontamination factor of 2 × 10(6) was achieved, and the U concentrations in the final sample solutions were typically below 4 pg mL(-1), thus no extra correction of (238)U interferences from the Pu spectra was needed. The method was suitable for the analysis of (241)Pu in marine sediments using large sample amounts (>10 g). We validated the method by measuring marine sediment reference materials and our results agreed well with the certified and the literature values. Surface sediments and one sediment core sample collected after the nuclear accident were analyzed. The characterization of (241)Pu/(239)Pu atom ratios in the surface sediments and the vertical distribution of Pu isotopes showed that there was no detectable Pu contamination from the nuclear accident in the marine sediments collected 30 km off the plant site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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28
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Abstract
Abstract
Melt blending, extrusion and drawing of polycarbonate (PC) blends containing a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) are reported for a copolyester PCDT synthesised in this laboratory. A single screw extruder is used at four temperatures. The rheology of the PCDT/PC blend, PCDT and PC was measured by means of a capillary rheometer at these temperatures. The morphology of extruded and subsequently drawn strands was studied with the help of a scanning electron microscope and analysed. In PCDT/PC extruded strands, the morphology of the PCDT dispersed phase, changes from spherical through ellipsoidal to elongated with decreasing processing temperature. In contrast to this, in drawn strands with a draw ratio of 10, the morphology of the PCDT changes from ellipsoidal through elongated to fibrillar with increasing processing temperature. It is believed that the relative viscosity of the two phases is the decisive factor determining the microstructure formation of polymer blends containing thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Fibril formation is related to the deformation and coalescence of PCDT melt droplets by the drawing at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. He
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
| | - W. Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
| | - H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
| | - P. Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
| | - X. Xu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Ministry of Chemical Industry, Beijing, China
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29
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Bu W, Liang D, Liu R, Loll P, Dmochowski I, Eckenhoff R. Interaction of saturated fatty acids with apoferritin. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311079244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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30
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Pittler J, Bu W, Vaknin D, Travesset A, McGillivray DJ, Lösche M. Charge inversion at minute electrolyte concentrations. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:046102. [PMID: 16907594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.046102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Anionic dimyristoylphosphatidic acid monolayers spread on LaCl3 solutions reveal strong cation adsorption and a sharp transition to surface overcharging at unexpectedly low bulk salt concentrations. We determine the surface accumulation of La3+ with anomalous x-ray reflectivity and find that La3+ compensates the lipid surface charge by forming a Stern layer with approximately 1 La3+ ion per 3 lipids below a critical bulk concentration, ct approximately 500 nM. Above ct, the surface concentration of La3+ increases to a saturation level with approximately 1 La3+ per lipid, thus implying that the total electric charge of the La3+ exceeds the surface charge. This overcharge is observed at approximately 4 orders of magnitude lower concentration than predicted in ion-ion correlation theories. We suggest that transverse electrostatic correlations between mobile ions and surface charges (interfacial Bjerrum pairing) may contribute to the charge inversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pittler
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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31
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Abstract
The EB1 family proteins are highly conserved microtubule-associated proteins. The EB1 protein in yeast has been shown to play an important role in regulating microtubule dynamics and chromosome segregation. Human EB1 family proteins include EB1, RP1 and EBF3. Although EB1 and RP1 have been shown to associate with microtubules, the subcellular localization of endogenous EBF3 had not been characterized. The function of human EB1 family proteins was also not clear. We therefore investigated the cellular localization of EBF3 and the regulation of microtubule organization by EB1 family proteins. As do EB1 and RP1, EBF3 was found to colocalize with microtubules, preferentially at their plus ends, throughout the cell cycle. Moreover, there was a very strong EBF3 signal at the centrosome in interphase cells and at the spindle poles in mitotic cells. When EB1 family proteins were overexpressed, they associated with the entire microtubule cytoskeleton. In addition, EB1 and EBF3 induced microtubule bundling in some cells overexpressing these proteins. These microtubule bundles were more resistant to nocodazole and were more acetylated than regular microtubules. Our results demonstrate for the first time that human EB1 family proteins could regulate microtubule assembly and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, TX 77030, USA
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32
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Bu W, Sun JL, Yang XC. [Cloning, sequence analysis and high-level expression in Escherichia coli and activity assay of pac-1 gene from Schizosaccharmyces pombe]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2001; 17:203-6. [PMID: 11411232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The Schizosaccharmyces pombe pac-1 gene product is a kind of dsRNA dependent ribonuclease, which has potential to degrade the dsRNA viral genome, the replication form of ssRNA viral genome and viroid genome. Therefore, to introduce the pac-1 gene into plants conferring them resistance to viruses is a new method of establishing the anti-virus transgenic plant. The pac-1 gene from the S. pmobe genome DNA isolated from China was cloned by means of PCR amplification. The pac-1 gene was inserted into the cloning vector pGEM-7Zf(+) by using restriction endonuclease Kpn I/BamHI. Sequencing analysis shows that it is a complete gene with 1095 necleotides. Compared to the reported pac-1 gene, its homology is significant, but with 5 nucleotides differences, leading to only one amino acid difference. Pac-1 gene was inserted into the prodaryotic expression vector pET-21(a) by using the restriction endonuclase Nde I/BamHI. It was induced by the IPTG in E. coli BL21 harbouring the recombinant vector pET-pac-1. The pac-1 gene product is analyzed by the SDS-PAGE. The result shows the product of pac-1 gene exists in the supernatant part as soluble form and in the precipitant part as inclusion bodies after the cells were lysed by ultrasonic wave. The supernatant was applied to detect the enzyme activity of pac-1 gene product. We concluded that pac-1 gene has the biological activity of degrading the CMV-dsRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Bu W, Ye L, Xu Q, Bu X, Yang G, Fan Y. Bis(μ-azido-κ N1:κ N1)bis{[2-(1,5-diazacyclooct-1-yl-κ 2N, N'-methyl)phenolato-κ O]copper(II)}. Acta Crystallogr C 1999. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270199099515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Bu W, Ye L, Zhu H, Yang G, Fan Y, Tang W. μ-1,3-Imidazolyl-κ N:κ N'-bis[(diethylenetriaminato-κ 3N)copper] triperchlorate hydrate. Acta Crystallogr C 1999. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270199099527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Qin LX, Tang ZY, Li XM, Bu W, Xia JL. Effect of antiangiogenic agents on experimental animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Acad Med Singap 1999; 28:147-51. [PMID: 10374041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
A new therapeutic strategy for treating metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has entailed the use of antiangiogenic agents such as suramin, BB-94 (Batimastat), TNP-470, and carboxyamido-triazole (CAI, a synthetic inhibitor of non-excitable calcium channels that reversibly inhibits angiogenesis). These agents have been used to treat metastatic model of HCC in nude mouse (LCI-D20 mouse model). The results of these studies are summarized in this paper with emphasis on the inhibitory effects of the drugs on tumour growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis in LCI-D20 mouse models. The results suggest that all of the agents used can significantly inhibit tumour growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis of human HCC in nude mouse models, and may be candidates for the control of recurrence and metastasis after HCC resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Qin
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, PR China
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Bu W, Tang ZY, Sun FX, Ye SL, Liu KD, Xue Q, Chen J, Gao DM. Effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-94 on liver cancer growth and metastasis in a patient-like orthotopic model LCI-D20. Hepatogastroenterology 1998; 45:1056-61. [PMID: 9756006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to try to understand the effects of the synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Batimastat (BB-94) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODOLOGY An orthotopic metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice model (LCI-D20) was used to study primary tumor growth, local invasion and metastasis of HCC. MTT assay was used to study the effects of BB-94 on cytotoxin and proliferation of HCC cell line SMMC-7721 in vitro. A gelatine zymograph was used to study the expression of MMPs in the LCI-D20 tumor tissue. RESULTS BB-94 can inhibit primary tumor growth, local invasion, intrahepatic and lung metastasis, as well as prolong survival. BB-94 did not affect the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro. LCI-D20 tumor tissue expresses MMP-2 and MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS BB-94 has a cytostatic therapeutic effect on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, PR China
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Bu W, Huang X, Tang Z. [The role of MMP-2 in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1997; 77:661-4. [PMID: 9772533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To get insights into the role of MMP-2 in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to find a method to judge the invasion and metastasis of HCC through MMP-2. METHODS Zymograph and immunohistochemistry were used to study the content and types of positive cells of MMP-2 in the HCC, and statistical methods were used to analyse the association between the content of MMP-2 and the pathological indexes of HCC. RESULTS MMP-2 was expressed by all the normal liver, HCC and surrounding liver parenchyma. The increase of MMP-2 and the presence of the active type of MMP-2 were related to the invasion and metastasis of HCC. The content of MMP-2 in HCC being higher than that in surrounding liver parenchyma was an important index to judge the invasion and metastasis of the HCC. The positive cells of MMP-2 found in immunohistochemistry were normal hepatocytes, cholangioepithelial cells, Ito cells, regenerated hepatocytes, new generated cholangioepithelial cells, and HCC cells. CONCLUSION MMP-2 was related to the invasion and me astasis of HCC. The content of MMP-2 in HCC being higher than that in surrounding liver parenchyma could be bused as an important index to judge the invasion and metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bu
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University
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Xu Y, Bu W, Li B. Metabolic factors capable of inducing Agrobacterium vir gene expression are present in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell Rep 1993; 12:160-164. [PMID: 24196854 DOI: 10.1007/bf00239098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/1992] [Revised: 09/11/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exudates and extracts from suspension cultures or various parts of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants on induction of vir (virulence) gene expression in Agrobacterium tumefaciens were examined. Only leaf extracts from panicle-differentiating plants to flowering plants were able to strongly induce activation and expression of vir genes. This induction was similar to that observed with 2 μM acetosyringone (AS), yet there was no synergy between AS and rice extracts. Responses to vir-inducing metabolites and signal molecules were different among various vir loci. These results demonstrate that one or more inducing factors for vir gene expression are also present in rice, but only in specific parts and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Zhongshan University, 510275, Guanzhou, China
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