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Jeang WJ, Bochenek MA, Bose S, Zhao Y, Wong BM, Yang J, Jiang AL, Langer R, Anderson DG. Silicone cryogel skeletons enhance the survival and mechanical integrity of hydrogel-encapsulated cell therapies. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk5949. [PMID: 38578991 PMCID: PMC10997197 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk5949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The transplantation of engineered cells that secrete therapeutic proteins presents a promising method for addressing a range of chronic diseases. However, hydrogels used to encase and protect non-autologous cells from immune rejection often suffer from poor mechanical properties, insufficient oxygenation, and fibrotic encapsulation. Here, we introduce a composite encapsulation system comprising an oxygen-permeable silicone cryogel skeleton, a hydrogel matrix, and a fibrosis-resistant polymer coating. Cryogel skeletons enhance the fracture toughness of conventional alginate hydrogels by 23-fold and oxygen diffusion by 2.8-fold, effectively mitigating both implant fracture and hypoxia of encapsulated cells. Composite implants containing xenogeneic cells engineered to secrete erythropoietin significantly outperform unsupported alginate implants in therapeutic delivery over 8 weeks in immunocompetent mice. By improving mechanical resiliency and sustaining denser cell populations, silicone cryogel skeletons enable more durable and miniaturized therapeutic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew A. Bochenek
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Suman Bose
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Yichao Zhao
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bryan M. Wong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiawei Yang
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Alexis L. Jiang
- Department of Computer Science, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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2
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Stuart T, Jeang WJ, Slivicki RA, Brown BJ, Burton A, Brings VE, Alarcón-Segovia LC, Agyare P, Ruiz S, Tyree A, Pruitt L, Madhvapathy S, Niemiec M, Zhuang J, Krishnan S, Copits BA, Rogers JA, Gereau RW, Samineni VK, Bandodkar AJ, Gutruf P. Wireless, Battery-Free Implants for Electrochemical Catecholamine Sensing and Optogenetic Stimulation. ACS Nano 2023; 17:561-574. [PMID: 36548126 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators mediate communication between neurons and other cell types; knowledge of release dynamics is critical to understanding their physiological role in normal and pathological brain function. Investigation into transient neurotransmitter dynamics has largely been hindered due to electrical and material requirements for electrochemical stimulation and recording. Current systems require complex electronics for biasing and amplification and rely on materials that offer limited sensor selectivity and sensitivity. These restrictions result in bulky, tethered, or battery-powered systems impacting behavior and that require constant care of subjects. To overcome these challenges, we demonstrate a fully implantable, wireless, and battery-free platform that enables optogenetic stimulation and electrochemical recording of catecholamine dynamics in real time. The device is nearly 1/10th the size of previously reported examples and includes a probe that relies on a multilayer electrode architecture featuring a microscale light emitting diode (μ-LED) and a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based sensor with sensitivities among the highest recorded in the literature (1264.1 nA μM-1 cm-2). High sensitivity of the probe combined with a center tapped antenna design enables the realization of miniaturized, low power circuits suitable for subdermal implantation even in small animal models such as mice. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments highlight the sensitivity and selectivity of the platform and demonstrate its capabilities in freely moving, untethered subjects. Specifically, a demonstration of changes in dopamine concentration after optogenetic stimulation of the nucleus accumbens and real-time readout of dopamine levels after opioid and naloxone exposure in freely behaving subjects highlight the experimental paradigms enabled by the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - William J Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Richard A Slivicki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Bobbie J Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Alex Burton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victoria E Brings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lilian C Alarcón-Segovia
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Prophecy Agyare
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Savanna Ruiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Amanda Tyree
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Lindsay Pruitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Surabhi Madhvapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Martin Niemiec
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - James Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Bryan A Copits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Vijay K Samineni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Neuroscience GIDP, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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3
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Park D, Lee J, Lee Y, Son K, Choi JW, Jeang WJ, Choi H, Hwang Y, Kim HY, Jeon NL. Aspiration-mediated hydrogel micropatterning using rail-based open microfluidic devices for high-throughput 3D cell culture. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19986. [PMID: 34620916 PMCID: PMC8497476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics offers promising methods for aligning cells in physiologically relevant configurations to recapitulate human organ functionality. Specifically, microstructures within microfluidic devices facilitate 3D cell culture by guiding hydrogel precursors containing cells. Conventional approaches utilize capillary forces of hydrogel precursors to guide fluid flow into desired areas of high wettability. These methods, however, require complicated fabrication processes and subtle loading protocols, thus limiting device throughput and experimental yield. Here, we present a swift and robust hydrogel patterning technique for 3D cell culture, where preloaded hydrogel solution in a microfluidic device is aspirated while only leaving a portion of the solution in desired channels. The device is designed such that differing critical capillary pressure conditions are established over the interfaces of the loaded hydrogel solution, which leads to controlled removal of the solution during aspiration. A proposed theoretical model of capillary pressure conditions provides physical insights to inform generalized design rules for device structures. We demonstrate formation of multiple, discontinuous hollow channels with a single aspiration. Then we test vasculogenic capacity of various cell types using a microfluidic device obtained by our technique to illustrate its capabilities as a viable micro-manufacturing scheme for high-throughput cellular co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungseub Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Son
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - William J Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hyeri Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunchan Hwang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Ray TR, Ivanovic M, Curtis PM, Franklin D, Guventurk K, Jeang WJ, Chafetz J, Gaertner H, Young G, Rebollo S, Model JB, Lee SP, Ciraldo J, Reeder JT, Hourlier-Fargette A, Bandodkar AJ, Choi J, Aranyosi AJ, Ghaffari R, McColley SA, Haymond S, Rogers JA. Soft, skin-interfaced sweat stickers for cystic fibrosis diagnosis and management. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd8109. [PMID: 33790027 PMCID: PMC8351625 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of chloride in sweat remains the most robust biomarker for confirmatory diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF), a common life-shortening genetic disorder. Early diagnosis via quantitative assessment of sweat chloride allows prompt initiation of care and is critically important to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life. The collection and analysis of sweat using conventional wrist-strapped devices and iontophoresis can be cumbersome, particularly for infants with fragile skin, who often have insufficient sweat production. Here, we introduce a soft, epidermal microfluidic device ("sweat sticker") designed for the simple and rapid collection and analysis of sweat. Intimate, conformal coupling with the skin supports nearly perfect efficiency in sweat collection without leakage. Real-time image analysis of chloride reagents allows for quantitative assessment of chloride concentrations using a smartphone camera, without requiring extraction of sweat or external analysis. Clinical validation studies involving patients with CF and healthy subjects, across a spectrum of age groups, support clinical equivalence compared to existing device platforms in terms of accuracy and demonstrate meaningful reductions in rates of leakage. The wearable microfluidic technologies and smartphone-based analytics reported here establish the foundation for diagnosis of CF outside of clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Maja Ivanovic
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul M Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Kerem Guventurk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - William J Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Joseph Chafetz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Hannah Gaertner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Grace Young
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Steve Rebollo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Model
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen P Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Ciraldo
- Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility (NUFAB) Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Jonathan T Reeder
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Aurélie Hourlier-Fargette
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Jungil Choi
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander J Aranyosi
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susanna A McColley
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shannon Haymond
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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5
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Bandodkar AJ, Choi J, Lee SP, Jeang WJ, Agyare P, Gutruf P, Wang S, Sponenburg RA, Reeder JT, Schon S, Ray TR, Chen S, Mehta S, Ruiz S, Rogers JA. Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Passive Galvanic Stopwatches for Precise Chronometric Sampling of Sweat. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1902109. [PMID: 31206791 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of sweat chemistry provides noninvasive health monitoring capabilities that complement established biophysical measurements such as heart rate, blood oxygenation, and body temperature. Recent developments in skin-integrated soft microfluidic systems address many challenges associated with standard technologies in sweat collection and analysis. However, recording of time-dependent variations in sweat composition requires bulky electronic systems and power sources, thereby constraining form factor, cost, and modes of use. Here, presented are unconventional design concepts, materials, and device operation principles that address this challenge. Flexible galvanic cells embedded within skin-interfaced microfluidics with passive valves serve as sweat-activated "stopwatches" that record temporal information associated with collection of discrete microliter volumes of sweat. The result allows for precise measurements of dynamic sweat composition fluctuations using in situ or ex situ analytical techniques. Integrated electronics based on near-field communication (NFC) protocols or docking stations equipped with standard electronic measurement tools provide means for extracting digital timing results from the stopwatches. Human subject studies of time-stamped sweat samples by in situ colorimetric methods and ex situ techniques based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and chlorodimetry illustrate the ability to quantitatively capture time-dynamic sweat chemistry in scenarios compatible with field use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amay J Bandodkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jungil Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen P Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - William J Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Prophecy Agyare
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Siqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rebecca A Sponenburg
- Quantitative Bio-Element Imaging Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jonathan T Reeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Stephanie Schon
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tyler R Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sunita Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Savanna Ruiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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6
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Abstract
Sweat is a largely unexplored biofluid that contains many important biomarkers ranging from electrolytes and metabolites to proteins, cytokines, antigens, and exogenous drugs. The eccrine and apocrine glands produce and excrete sweat through microscale pores on the epidermal surface, offering a noninvasive means for capturing and probing biomarkers that reflect hydration state, fatigue, nutrition, and physiological changes. Recent advances in skin-interfaced wearable sensors capable of real-time in situ sweat collection and analytics provide capabilities for continuous biochemical monitoring in an ambulatory mode of operation. This review presents a broad overview of sweat-based biochemical sensor technologies with an emphasis on enabling materials, designs, and target analytes of interest. The article concludes with a summary of challenges and opportunities for researchers and clinicians in this swiftly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amay J Bandodkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - William J Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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7
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Bandodkar AJ, Gutruf P, Choi J, Lee K, Sekine Y, Reeder JT, Jeang WJ, Aranyosi AJ, Lee SP, Model JB, Ghaffari R, Su CJ, Leshock JP, Ray T, Verrillo A, Thomas K, Krishnamurthi V, Han S, Kim J, Krishnan S, Hang T, Rogers JA. Battery-free, skin-interfaced microfluidic/electronic systems for simultaneous electrochemical, colorimetric, and volumetric analysis of sweat. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav3294. [PMID: 30746477 PMCID: PMC6357758 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors rely either on electronics for electrochemical detection or on colorimetry for visual readout. Non-ideal form factors represent disadvantages of the former, while semiquantitative operation and narrow scope of measurable biomarkers characterize the latter. Here, we introduce a battery-free, wireless electronic sensing platform inspired by biofuel cells that integrates chronometric microfluidic platforms with embedded colorimetric assays. The resulting sensors combine advantages of electronic and microfluidic functionality in a platform that is significantly lighter, cheaper, and smaller than alternatives. A demonstration device simultaneously monitors sweat rate/loss, pH, lactate, glucose, and chloride. Systematic studies of the electronics, microfluidics, and integration schemes establish the key design considerations and performance attributes. Two-day human trials that compare concentrations of glucose and lactate in sweat and blood suggest a potential basis for noninvasive, semi-quantitative tracking of physiological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amay J. Bandodkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jungil Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - KunHyuck Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yurina Sekine
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Jonathan T. Reeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - William J. Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alexander J. Aranyosi
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen P. Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Model
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chun-Ju Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - John P. Leshock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tyler Ray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Anthony Verrillo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kyle Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Krishnamurthi
- Functional Material and Microsystems Research Group and Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tao Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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