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Ghaffari R, Yang DS, Kim J, Mansour A, Wright JA, Model JB, Wright DE, Rogers JA, Ray TR. State of Sweat: Emerging Wearable Systems for Real-Time, Noninvasive Sweat Sensing and Analytics. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2787-2801. [PMID: 34351759 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin-interfaced wearable systems with integrated colorimetric assays, microfluidic channels, and electrochemical sensors offer powerful capabilities for noninvasive, real-time sweat analysis. This Perspective details recent progress in the development and translation of novel wearable sensors for personalized assessment of sweat dynamics and biomarkers, with precise sampling and real-time analysis. Sensor accuracy, system ruggedness, and large-scale deployment in remote environments represent key opportunity areas, enabling broad deployment in the context of field studies, clinical trials, and recent commercialization. On-body measurements in these contexts show good agreement compared to conventional laboratory-based sweat analysis approaches. These device demonstrations highlight the utility of biochemical sensing platforms for personalized assessment of performance, wellness, and health across a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Da Som Yang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
| | - Joohee Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
| | - Amer Mansour
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John A. Wright
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Model
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Donald E. Wright
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John A. Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Tyler R. Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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2
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Ray TR, Ivanovic M, Curtis PM, Franklin D, Guventurk K, Jeang WJ, Chafetz J, Gaertner H, Young G, Rebollo S, Model JB, Lee SP, Ciraldo J, Reeder JT, Hourlier-Fargette A, Bandodkar AJ, Choi J, Aranyosi AJ, Ghaffari R, McColley SA, Haymond S, Rogers JA. Soft, skin-interfaced sweat stickers for cystic fibrosis diagnosis and management. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd8109. [PMID: 33790027 PMCID: PMC8351625 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of chloride in sweat remains the most robust biomarker for confirmatory diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF), a common life-shortening genetic disorder. Early diagnosis via quantitative assessment of sweat chloride allows prompt initiation of care and is critically important to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life. The collection and analysis of sweat using conventional wrist-strapped devices and iontophoresis can be cumbersome, particularly for infants with fragile skin, who often have insufficient sweat production. Here, we introduce a soft, epidermal microfluidic device ("sweat sticker") designed for the simple and rapid collection and analysis of sweat. Intimate, conformal coupling with the skin supports nearly perfect efficiency in sweat collection without leakage. Real-time image analysis of chloride reagents allows for quantitative assessment of chloride concentrations using a smartphone camera, without requiring extraction of sweat or external analysis. Clinical validation studies involving patients with CF and healthy subjects, across a spectrum of age groups, support clinical equivalence compared to existing device platforms in terms of accuracy and demonstrate meaningful reductions in rates of leakage. The wearable microfluidic technologies and smartphone-based analytics reported here establish the foundation for diagnosis of CF outside of clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Maja Ivanovic
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul M Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Kerem Guventurk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - William J Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Joseph Chafetz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Hannah Gaertner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Grace Young
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Steve Rebollo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Model
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen P Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Ciraldo
- Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility (NUFAB) Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Jonathan T Reeder
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Aurélie Hourlier-Fargette
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
| | - Jungil Choi
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander J Aranyosi
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susanna A McColley
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shannon Haymond
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60202, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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3
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Aranyosi AJ, Model JB, Zhang MZ, Lee SP, Leech A, Li W, Seib MS, Chen S, Reny N, Wallace J, Shin MH, Bandodkar AJ, Choi J, Paller AS, Rogers JA, Xu S, Ghaffari R. Rapid Capture and Extraction of Sweat for Regional Rate and Cytokine Composition Analysis Using a Wearable Soft Microfluidic System. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:433-437.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Choi J, Chen S, Deng Y, Xue Y, Reeder JT, Franklin D, Oh YS, Model JB, Aranyosi AJ, Lee SP, Ghaffari R, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems that Combine Hard and Soft Materials for Demanding Applications in Sweat Capture and Analysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000722. [PMID: 32989913 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Eccrine sweat contains a rich blend of electrolytes, metabolites, proteins, metal ions, and other biomarkers. Changes in the concentrations of these chemical species can indicate alterations in hydration status and they can also reflect health conditions such as cystic fibrosis, schizophrenia, and depression. Recent advances in soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic systems enable real-time measurement of local sweat loss and sweat biomarker concentrations, with a wide range of applications in healthcare. Uses in certain contexts involve, however, physical impacts on the body that can dynamically deform these platforms, with adverse effects on measurement reliability. The work presented here overcomes this limitation through the use of microfluidic structures constructed in relatively high modulus polymers, and designed in geometries that offer soft, system level mechanics when embedded low modulus elastomers. Analytical models and finite element analysis quantitatively define the relevant mechanics of these systems, and serve as the basis for layouts optimized to allow robust operation in demanding, rugged scenarios such as those encountered in football, while preserving mechanical stretchability for comfortable, water-tight bonding to the skin. Benchtop testing and on-body field studies of measurements of sweat loss and chloride concentration under imposed mechanical stresses and impacts demonstrate the key features of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungil Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Querrey‐Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Yujun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Yeguang Xue
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Jonathan T. Reeder
- Querrey‐Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Querrey‐Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Yong Suk Oh
- Querrey‐Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Model
- Querrey‐Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Alexander J. Aranyosi
- Querrey‐Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen P. Lee
- Querrey‐Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Querrey‐Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Querrey‐Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Departments of Chemistry Biomedical Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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5
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Baker LB, Model JB, Barnes KA, Anderson ML, Lee SP, Lee KA, Brown SD, Reimel AJ, Roberts TJ, Nuccio RP, Bonsignore JL, Ungaro CT, Carter JM, Li W, Seib MS, Reeder JT, Aranyosi AJ, Rogers JA, Ghaffari R. Skin-interfaced microfluidic system with personalized sweating rate and sweat chloride analytics for sports science applications. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/50/eabe3929. [PMID: 33310859 PMCID: PMC7732194 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Advanced capabilities in noninvasive, in situ monitoring of sweating rate and sweat electrolyte losses could enable real-time personalized fluid-electrolyte intake recommendations. Established sweat analysis techniques using absorbent patches require post-collection harvesting and benchtop analysis of sweat and are thus impractical for ambulatory use. Here, we introduce a skin-interfaced wearable microfluidic device and smartphone image processing platform that enable analysis of regional sweating rate and sweat chloride concentration ([Cl-]). Systematic studies (n = 312 athletes) establish significant correlations for regional sweating rate and sweat [Cl-] in a controlled environment and during competitive sports under varying environmental conditions. The regional sweating rate and sweat [Cl-] results serve as inputs to algorithms implemented on a smartphone software application that predicts whole-body sweating rate and sweat [Cl-]. This low-cost wearable sensing approach could improve the accessibility of physiological insights available to sports scientists, practitioners, and athletes to inform hydration strategies in real-world ambulatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay B Baker
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, IL 60010, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Model
- Epicore Biosystems Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kelly A Barnes
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, IL 60010, USA
| | - Melissa L Anderson
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Bradenton, FL 34210, USA
| | - Stephen P Lee
- Epicore Biosystems Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Khalil A Lee
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Bradenton, FL 34210, USA
| | - Shyretha D Brown
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, IL 60010, USA
| | - Adam J Reimel
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, IL 60010, USA
| | - Timothy J Roberts
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Bradenton, FL 34210, USA
| | - Ryan P Nuccio
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, IL 60010, USA
| | - Justina L Bonsignore
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Bradenton, FL 34210, USA
| | - Corey T Ungaro
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, IL 60010, USA
| | - James M Carter
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Leicester, UK
| | - Weihua Li
- Epicore Biosystems Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | | - Jonathan T Reeder
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Alexander J Aranyosi
- Epicore Biosystems Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Epicore Biosystems Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Epicore Biosystems Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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6
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Hourlier-Fargette A, Schon S, Xue Y, Avila R, Li W, Gao Y, Liu C, Kim SB, Raj MS, Fields KB, Parsons BV, Lee K, Lee JY, Chung HU, Lee SP, Johnson M, Bandodkar AJ, Gutruf P, Model JB, Aranyosi AJ, Choi J, Ray TR, Ghaffari R, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Skin-interfaced soft microfluidic systems with modular and reusable electronics for in situ capacitive sensing of sweat loss, rate and conductivity. Lab Chip 2020; 20:4391-4403. [PMID: 33089837 PMCID: PMC10556535 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00705f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Important insights into human health can be obtained through the non-invasive collection and detailed analysis of sweat, a biofluid that contains a wide range of essential biomarkers. Skin-interfaced microfluidic platforms, characterized by soft materials and thin geometries, offer a collection of capabilities for in situ capture, storage, and analysis of sweat and its constituents. In ambulatory uses cases, the ability to provide real-time feedback on sweat loss, rate and content, without visual inspection of the device, can be important. This paper introduces a low-profile skin-interfaced system that couples disposable microfluidic sampling devices with reusable 'stick-on' electrodes and wireless readout electronics that remain isolated from the sweat. An ultra-thin capping layer on the microfluidic platform permits high-sensitivity, contactless capacitive measurements of both sweat loss and sweat conductivity. This architecture avoids the potential for corrosion of the sensing components and eliminates the need for cleaning/sterilizing the electronics, thereby resulting in a cost-effective platform that is simple to use. Optimized electrode designs follow from a combination of extensive benchtop testing, analytical calculations and FEA simulations for two sensing configurations: (1) sweat rate and loss, and (2) sweat conductivity, which contains information about electrolyte content. Both configurations couple to a flexible, wireless electronics platform that digitizes and transmits information to Bluetooth-enabled devices. On-body field testing during physical exercise validates the performance of the system in scenarios of practical relevance to human health and performance.
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7
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Han M, Chen L, Aras K, Liang C, Chen X, Zhao H, Li K, Faye NR, Sun B, Kim JH, Bai W, Yang Q, Ma Y, Lu W, Song E, Baek JM, Lee Y, Liu C, Model JB, Yang G, Ghaffari R, Huang Y, Efimov IR, Rogers JA. Catheter-integrated soft multilayer electronic arrays for multiplexed sensing and actuation during cardiac surgery. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:997-1009. [PMID: 32895515 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rigidity and relatively primitive modes of operation of catheters equipped with sensing or actuation elements impede their conformal contact with soft-tissue surfaces, limit the scope of their uses, lengthen surgical times and increase the need for advanced surgical skills. Here, we report materials, device designs and fabrication approaches for integrating advanced electronic functionality with catheters for minimally invasive forms of cardiac surgery. By using multiphysics modelling, plastic heart models and Langendorff animal and human hearts, we show that soft electronic arrays in multilayer configurations on endocardial balloon catheters can establish conformal contact with curved tissue surfaces, support high-density spatiotemporal mapping of temperature, pressure and electrophysiological parameters and allow for programmable electrical stimulation, radiofrequency ablation and irreversible electroporation. Integrating multimodal and multiplexing capabilities into minimally invasive surgical instruments may improve surgical performance and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Han
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kedar Aras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cunman Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexian Chen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangbo Zhao
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kan Li
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ndeye Rokhaya Faye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bohan Sun
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Wubin Bai
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Quansan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yuhang Ma
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Enming Song
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Janice Mihyun Baek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Clifford Liu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Model
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Guanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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8
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Lee KA, Roberts TJ, Bonsignore JL, Anderson ML, Ungaro CT, Aranyosi AJ, Lee SP, Model JB, Rogers JA, Ghaffari R, Baker LB. Field-based Validation Of An Epifluidic Colorimetric Patch For On-skin Analysis Of Regional Sweat Chloride Concentration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000686772.27444.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Kim SB, Koo J, Yoon J, Hourlier-Fargette A, Lee B, Chen S, Jo S, Choi J, Oh YS, Lee G, Won SM, Aranyosi AJ, Lee SP, Model JB, Braun PV, Ghaffari R, Park C, Rogers JA. Soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic systems with integrated enzymatic assays for measuring the concentration of ammonia and ethanol in sweat. Lab Chip 2020; 20:84-92. [PMID: 31776526 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Eccrine sweat is a rich and largely unexplored biofluid that contains a range of important biomarkers, from electrolytes, metabolites, micronutrients and hormones to exogenous agents, each of which can change in concentration with diet, stress level, hydration status and physiologic or metabolic state. Traditionally, clinicians and researchers have used absorbent pads and benchtop analyzers to collect and analyze the biochemical constituents of sweat in controlled, laboratory settings. Recently reported wearable microfluidic and electrochemical sensing devices represent significant advances in this context, with capabilities for rapid, in situ evaluations, in many cases with improved repeatability and accuracy. A limitation is that assays performed in these platforms offer limited control of reaction kinetics and mixing of different reagents and samples. Here, we present a multi-layered microfluidic device platform with designs that eliminate these constraints, to enable integrated enzymatic assays with demonstrations of in situ analysis of the concentrations of ammonia and ethanol in microliter volumes of sweat. Careful characterization of the reaction kinetics and their optimization using statistical techniques yield robust analysis protocols. Human subject studies with sweat initiated by warm-water bathing highlight the operational features of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jahyun Koo
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jangryeol Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Advanced Research Team, R&D Center, Samsung Display, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17113, South Korea
| | - Aurélie Hourlier-Fargette
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Shulin Chen
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Seongbin Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jungil Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea
| | - Yong Suk Oh
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Geumbee Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sang Min Won
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Alexander J Aranyosi
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Stephen P Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Model
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chulwhan Park
- Dept. of Chem. Eng., Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - John A Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at the Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA and Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Neurological Surgery, Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/Biotechnology, McCormick School of Engineering and Feinberg, School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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10
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Baker LB, Nuccio RP, Ungaro CT, Brown S, Reimel AJ, Aranyosi AJ, Lee SP, Model JB, Ghaffari R, Barnes KA. Epifluidic Colorimetric Patch for On-Skin Analysis of Regional Sweat Chloride Concentration during Laboratory-based Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562188.44773.7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Choi J, Bandodkar AJ, Reeder JT, Ray TR, Turnquist A, Kim SB, Nyberg N, Hourlier-Fargette A, Model JB, Aranyosi AJ, Xu S, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Soft, Skin-Integrated Multifunctional Microfluidic Systems for Accurate Colorimetric Analysis of Sweat Biomarkers and Temperature. ACS Sens 2019; 4:379-388. [PMID: 30707572 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Real-time measurements of the total loss of sweat, the rate of sweating, the temperature of sweat, and the concentrations of electrolytes and metabolites in sweat can provide important insights into human physiology. Conventional methods use manual collection processes (e.g., absorbent pads) to determine sweat loss and lab-based instrumentation to analyze its chemical composition. Although such schemes can yield accurate data, they cannot be used outside of laboratories or clinics. Recently reported wearable electrochemical devices for sweat sensing bypass these limitations, but they typically involve on-board electronics, electrodes, and/or batteries for measurement, signal processing, and wireless transmission, without direct means for measuring sweat loss or capturing and storing small volumes of sweat. Alternative approaches exploit soft, skin-integrated microfluidic systems for collection and colorimetric chemical techniques for analysis. Here, we present the most advanced platforms of this type, in which optimized chemistries, microfluidic designs, and device layouts enable accurate assessments not only of total loss of sweat and sweat rate but also of quantitatively accurate values of the pH and temperature of sweat, and of the concentrations of chloride, glucose, and lactate across physiologically relevant ranges. Color calibration markings integrated into a graphics overlayer allow precise readout by digital image analysis, applicable in various lighting conditions. Field studies conducted on healthy volunteers demonstrate the full capabilities in measuring sweat loss/rate and analyzing multiple sweat biomarkers and temperature, with performance that quantitatively matches that of conventional lab-based measurement systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungil Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amay J. Bandodkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Reeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tyler R. Ray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amelia Turnquist
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sung Bong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nathaniel Nyberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aurélie Hourlier-Fargette
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Model
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - Alexander J. Aranyosi
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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12
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Bandodkar AJ, Gutruf P, Choi J, Lee K, Sekine Y, Reeder JT, Jeang WJ, Aranyosi AJ, Lee SP, Model JB, Ghaffari R, Su CJ, Leshock JP, Ray T, Verrillo A, Thomas K, Krishnamurthi V, Han S, Kim J, Krishnan S, Hang T, Rogers JA. Battery-free, skin-interfaced microfluidic/electronic systems for simultaneous electrochemical, colorimetric, and volumetric analysis of sweat. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav3294. [PMID: 30746477 PMCID: PMC6357758 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors rely either on electronics for electrochemical detection or on colorimetry for visual readout. Non-ideal form factors represent disadvantages of the former, while semiquantitative operation and narrow scope of measurable biomarkers characterize the latter. Here, we introduce a battery-free, wireless electronic sensing platform inspired by biofuel cells that integrates chronometric microfluidic platforms with embedded colorimetric assays. The resulting sensors combine advantages of electronic and microfluidic functionality in a platform that is significantly lighter, cheaper, and smaller than alternatives. A demonstration device simultaneously monitors sweat rate/loss, pH, lactate, glucose, and chloride. Systematic studies of the electronics, microfluidics, and integration schemes establish the key design considerations and performance attributes. Two-day human trials that compare concentrations of glucose and lactate in sweat and blood suggest a potential basis for noninvasive, semi-quantitative tracking of physiological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amay J. Bandodkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jungil Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - KunHyuck Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yurina Sekine
- Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Jonathan T. Reeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - William J. Jeang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Alexander J. Aranyosi
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen P. Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Model
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chun-Ju Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - John P. Leshock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tyler Ray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Anthony Verrillo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kyle Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Krishnamurthi
- Functional Material and Microsystems Research Group and Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, San 5, Woncheon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tao Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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13
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Ma Y, Choi J, Hourlier-Fargette A, Xue Y, Chung HU, Lee JY, Wang X, Xie Z, Kang D, Wang H, Han S, Kang SK, Kang Y, Yu X, Slepian MJ, Raj MS, Model JB, Feng X, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA, Huang Y. Relation between blood pressure and pulse wave velocity for human arteries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11144-11149. [PMID: 30322935 PMCID: PMC6217416 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814392115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of blood pressure, an essential measure of health status, typically requires complex, costly, and invasive techniques that can expose patients to risks of complications. Continuous, cuffless, and noninvasive blood pressure monitoring methods that correlate measured pulse wave velocity (PWV) to the blood pressure via the Moens-Korteweg (MK) and Hughes Equations, offer promising alternatives. The MK Equation, however, involves two assumptions that do not hold for human arteries, and the Hughes Equation is empirical, without any theoretical basis. The results presented here establish a relation between the blood pressure P and PWV that does not rely on the Hughes Equation nor on the assumptions used in the MK Equation. This relation degenerates to the MK Equation under extremely low blood pressures, and it accurately captures the results of in vitro experiments using artificial blood vessels at comparatively high pressures. For human arteries, which are well characterized by the Fung hyperelastic model, a simple formula between P and PWV is established within the range of human blood pressures. This formula is validated by literature data as well as by experiments on human subjects, with applicability in the determination of blood pressure from PWV in continuous, cuffless, and noninvasive blood pressure monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinji Ma
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jungil Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bio-Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Aurélie Hourlier-Fargette
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bio-Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Yeguang Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Ha Uk Chung
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bio-Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Jong Yoon Lee
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bio-Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, 411105 Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Daeshik Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Heling Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Seungyong Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 34141 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yisak Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Marvin J Slepian
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Milan S Raj
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Jeffrey B Model
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bio-Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bio-Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Feinberg School of Medicine Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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