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Torén W, Sasor A, Ansari D, Andersson R. Histopathological investigation of colon liver metastases - which factors affect survival after surgery? Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 58:627-633. [PMID: 36440692 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2151319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel therapeutic options have improved prognosis for patients with colonic liver metastases (CLM) over the last decades. Despite this, the challenge to select and stratify patients for optimal treatment regimen persists. This study aimed to evaluate established and novel histopathological features and investigate the impact on overall survival (OS) and recurrence in patients undergoing surgery for CLM. METHODS Two hundred and sixty patients who underwent resection of CLM with curative intent 2006-2017 were included in the study. Clinicopathological characteristics were retrieved from patient medical records. The following histopathological parameters were investigated: vascular/lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion, tumor regression grade (TRG), tumor growth pattern, pseudocapsule and acellular mucin. Histopathological traits were correlated to OS. RESULTS Vascular and lymphatic invasion, as well as perineural invasion, significantly correlated with an adverse prognosis hazard ratio (HR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-2.40 and HR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.20-2.51, respectively. Results retrieved from the study could not propose any novel explorative histopathological features (TRG, tumor growth pattern, pseudocapsule and acellular mucin) to be of significant value as comes correlation with patient OS. DISCUSSION Classical histopathological characteristics of previously reported influence on survival were confirmed, while more novel factors that has been proposed, like tumor growth pattern, tumor regression and grade and presence of a pseudocapsule, were not. Further studies are thus needed to identify better ways of understanding the impact of tumor microenvironment and tumor biology on patient outcome and not at least for stratification and improved treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Torén
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Agata Sasor
- Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Eriksson S, Bengtsson J, Torén W, Lätt J, Andersson R, Sturesson C. Changes in apparent diffusion coefficient and pathological response in colorectal liver metastases after preoperative chemotherapy. Acta Radiol 2022; 64:51-57. [PMID: 35084232 DOI: 10.1177/02841851221074496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathological response to preoperative chemotherapy of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) is predictive of long-term prognosis after liver resection. Accurate preoperative assessment of chemotherapy response could enable treatment optimization. PURPOSE To investigate whether changes in lesion-apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to assess pathological treatment response in patients with CRLMs undergoing preoperative chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients who underwent liver resection for CRLMs after preoperative chemotherapy between January 2011 and December 2019 were retrospectively included if they had undergone MRI before and after preoperative chemotherapy on the same 1.5-T MRI scanner with diffusion-weighted imaging with b-values 50, 400, and 800 s/mm2. The pathological chemotherapy response was assessed using the tumor regression grade (TRG) by AJCC/CAP. Lesions were divided into two groups: pathological responding (TRG 0-2) and non-responding (TRG 3). The change in lesion ADC after preoperative chemotherapy was compared between responding and non-responding lesions. RESULTS A total of 27 patients with 49 CRLMs were included, and 24/49 lesions showed a pathological chemotherapy response. After chemotherapy, ADC increased in both pathological responding (pretreatment ADC: 1.26 [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.37] vs. post-treatment ADC: 1.33 [95% CI=1.13-1.56] × 10-3 mm2/s; P = 0.026) and non-responding lesions (1.12 [95% CI=0.980-1.21] vs. 1.20 [95% CI=1.09-1.43] × 10-3 mm2/s; P = 0.018). There was no difference in median relative difference in ADC after chemotherapy between pathological responding and non-responding lesions (15.8 [95% CI=1.42-26.3] vs. 7.17 [95% CI=-4.31 to 31.2]%; P = 0.795). CONCLUSION Changes in CRLM ADCs did not differ between pathological responding and non-responding lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Eriksson
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengtsson
- Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - William Torén
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Lätt
- Center for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Sturesson
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zeyara A, Torén W, Søreide K, Andersson R. The liver-first approach for synchronous colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of completion rates and effects on survival. Scand J Surg 2021; 111:14574969211030131. [PMID: 34605325 DOI: 10.1177/14574969211030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients presenting with synchronous colorectal liver metastases are increasingly being considered for a curative treatment, and the liver-first approach is gaining popularity in this context. However, little is known about the completion rates of the liver-first approach and its effects on survival. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of liver-first strategy for colorectal liver metastasis. The primary outcome was an assessment of the completion rates of the liver-first approach. Secondary outcomes included overall survival, causes of non-completion, and clinicopathologic data. RESULTS Seventeen articles were amenable for inclusion and the total study population was 1041. The median completion rate for the total population was 80% (range 20-100). The median overall survival for the completion and non-completion groups was 45 (range 12-69) months and 13 (range 10.5-25) months, respectively. Metadata showed a significant survival benefit for the completion group, with a univariate hazard ratio of 12.0 (95% confidence interval, range 5.7-24.4). The major cause of non-completion (76%) was liver disease progression before resection of the primary tumor. Pearson tests showed significant negative correlation between median number of lesions and median size of the largest metastasis and completion rate. CONCLUSIONS The liver-first approach offers a complete resection to most patients enrolled, with an overall survival benefit when completion can be assured. One-fifth fails to return to intended oncologic therapy and the major cause is interim metastatic progression, most often in the liver. Risk of non-completion is related to a higher number of lesions and large metastases. The majority of studies stem from primary rectal cancers, which may influence on the return to intended oncologic therapy as well.PROSPERO id no: 170459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zeyara
- Department of Surgery, Ystad Hospital, Ystad, Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - William Torén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, SwedenKjetil Søreide
| | - Kjetil Søreide
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund SE-222 42, Sweden
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Aronsson L, Bengtsson A, Torén W, Andersson R, Ansari D. Intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma versus pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2019; 71:91-99. [PMID: 31546033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that there may be a difference in tumor biology between intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the data are still controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize and compare the outcome of IPMC and PDAC after surgical resection. METHODS Studies comparing IPMC and PDAC were identified using Medline and Embase search engines. Primary outcomes of interest were survival and recurrence. Secondary outcomes were clinicopathological characteristics. Meta-analysis of data was conducted using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 14 studies were included. Pooled analysis revealed an improved 5-year overall survival (OS) for IPMC compared to PDAC (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09-0.56). Both colloid and tubular IPMC showed improved 5-year OS compared to PDAC (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.05-0.25 and OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26-0.54, respectively). Median survival time ranged from 21 to 58 months in the IPMC group compared to 12-23 months in the PDAC group. No meta-analysis could be performed on recurrence or on time-to-event data. Descriptive data showed no survival difference for higher TNM stages. IPMC was more often found at a TNM-stage of 1 (OR 4.40, 95% CI 2.71-7.15) and had lower rates of lymph node spread (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.32-0.57). CONCLUSION Available data suggest that IPMC has a more indolent course with a better 5-year OS compared to PDAC. The histopathological features are less aggressive in IPMC. The reason may be earlier detection. However, for IPMC with higher TNM stages the survival seems to be similar to that of PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Papillary/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Aged
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Survival Rate
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Aronsson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden
| | - Axel Bengtsson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden
| | - William Torén
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund, Sweden.
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Torén W, Ansari D, Søreide K, Andersson R. Re-resection for incidentally detected gallbladder cancer: Weighing in on the options. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019; 46:495-497. [PMID: 31669144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Torén
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kjetil Søreide
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
Duodenal perforation is a rare, but potentially life-threatening injury. Multiple etiologies are associated with duodenal perforations such as peptic ulcer disease, iatrogenic causes and trauma. Computed tomography with intravenous and oral contrast is the most valuable imaging technique to identify duodenal perforation. In some cases, surgical exploration may be necessary for diagnosis. Specific treatment depends upon the nature of the disease process that caused the perforation, the timing, location and extent of the injury and the clinical condition of the patient. Conservative management seems to be feasible in stable patients with sealed perforations. Immediate surgery is required for patients presenting with peritonitis and/or intra-abdominal sepsis. Minimally invasive techniques are safe and effective alternatives to conventional open surgery in selected patients with duodenal perforations. Here we review the current literature on duodenal perforations and discuss the outcomes of different treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - William Torén
- Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Sarah Lindberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Helmi-Sisko Pyrhönen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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Torén W, Ansari D, Andersson R. Immunohistochemical investigation of prognostic biomarkers in resected colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:217. [PMID: 30602942 PMCID: PMC6307223 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the prognostic role of biomarkers in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, no biomarker has been established in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to scrutinize the current literature for biomarkers evaluated by immunohistochemistry as prognostic markers in patients with resected CRLM. Methods A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were identified in the PubMed database with selected search terms and by cross-references search. The REMARK quality criteria were applied. Markers were included if they reported the prognostic impact of immunohistochemical markers in a multivariable setting in relation to overall survival (OS). A meta-analysis was conducted when more than one original article provided survival data of a marker. Results In total, 26 biomarkers were identified as independent significant markers for OS in resected CRLM. These biomarkers were found to be involved in multiple oncogenic signalling pathways that control cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis and evasion of immune detection. Among these biomarker candidates were Ki-67, EGFR, p53, hTERT, CD34, TSP-1, KISS1, Aurora kinase A and CDX2. CD34 and TSP-1 were reported as significantly associated with survival by more than one study and where therefore pooled in a meta-analysis. Conclusion A number of independent prognostic biomarkers for resected CRLM were identified. However, most markers were evaluated in a retrospective setting with small patient cohorts, without external validation. Large, prospective, multicentre studies with standardised methods are needed before biomarkers can translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Torén
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - William Torén
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Torén W, Ansari D, Andersson B, Spelt L, Andersson R. Thymidylate synthase: a predictive biomarker in resected colorectal liver metastases receiving 5-FU treatment. Future Oncol 2018; 14:343-351. [PMID: 29318904 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of thymidylate synthase (TS) as a predictive biomarker in patients with resected colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). MATERIALS & METHODS PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were queried up to June 2017. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using funnel plots. RESULTS Six eligible studies were included, comprising a total of 542 patients. Meta-analysis demonstrated a trend to reduced overall survival in patients with resected CRLM with TS overexpression, with a hazard ratio of 1.13 (95% CI: 0.99-1.29; p = 0.08). In three studies where patients received systemic fluorouracil, the pooled hazard ratio was 2.25 (95% CI: 1.37-3.71; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION TS appears to be a clinically relevant predictive biomarker in patients with resected CRLM receiving systemic 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Torén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bodil Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lidewij Spelt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roland Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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